Apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid

evidence_span

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experimental_model

Adipocyte transcription and adipose-tissue experiments

exposure

Apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid compared with all-trans retinoic acid

limitations

Only part of the transcriptional response overlapped with ATRA; proposed tissue metabolite was not definitively identified.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Mouse 3T3-L1 cells and in-vivo adipose model

plain_language

Retinoid-related signaling did not mean identical effects to retinoic acid.

primary_references

[lycopene-p21963687] Apo-10'-lycopenoic acid impacts adipose tissue biology via the retinoic acid receptors. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21963687/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.09.002

tissue_or_cell_type

Adipocyte differentiation and inflammatory gene expression

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 936–947

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Adipocyte transcription and adipose-tissue experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-apo-adipogenesis-null Apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid did not inhibit differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Retinoid-related signaling did not mean identical effects to retinoic acid. organism: Mouse 3T3-L1 cells and in-vivo adipose model tissue_or_cell_type: Adipocyte differentiation and inflammatory gene expression experimental_model: Adipocyte transcription and adipose-tissue experiments limitations: Only part of the transcriptional response overlapped with ATRA; proposed tissue metabolite was not definitively identified. exposure: Apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid compared with all-trans retinoic acid evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/21963687.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1bfc882d0e01b54d1d94c19a457265128c999d8d2ee40cdc6cf6a25de6d32a45", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1730, "text_sha256": "1bfc882d0e01b54d1d94c19a457265128c999d8d2ee40cdc6cf6a25de6d32a45"} [lycopene-p21963687] Apo-10'-lycopenoic acid impacts adipose tissue biology via the retinoic acid receptors. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21963687/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.09.002

evidence_span

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experimental_model

Adipocyte transcription and adipose-tissue experiments

exposure

Apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid compared with all-trans retinoic acid

limitations

Only part of the transcriptional response overlapped with ATRA; proposed tissue metabolite was not definitively identified.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Mouse 3T3-L1 cells and in-vivo adipose model

plain_language

The tested product changed inflammatory responses in preclinical systems.

primary_references

[lycopene-p21963687] Apo-10'-lycopenoic acid impacts adipose tissue biology via the retinoic acid receptors. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21963687/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.09.002

tissue_or_cell_type

Adipocyte differentiation and inflammatory gene expression

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 949–960

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Adipocyte transcription and adipose-tissue experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-apo-adipose-cytokines The metabolite prevented increases in IL-6 and IL-1-beta in the studied adipose inflammation models. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The tested product changed inflammatory responses in preclinical systems. organism: Mouse 3T3-L1 cells and in-vivo adipose model tissue_or_cell_type: Adipocyte differentiation and inflammatory gene expression experimental_model: Adipocyte transcription and adipose-tissue experiments limitations: Only part of the transcriptional response overlapped with ATRA; proposed tissue metabolite was not definitively identified. exposure: Apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid compared with all-trans retinoic acid evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/21963687.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1bfc882d0e01b54d1d94c19a457265128c999d8d2ee40cdc6cf6a25de6d32a45", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1730, "text_sha256": "1bfc882d0e01b54d1d94c19a457265128c999d8d2ee40cdc6cf6a25de6d32a45"} [lycopene-p21963687] Apo-10'-lycopenoic acid impacts adipose tissue biology via the retinoic acid receptors. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21963687/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.09.002

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/17420169.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "84a4b4088d833621e68106129dcbe8ddda9e743ec613cebdd4ce9cf03daeb15c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1675, "text_sha256": "84a4b4088d833621e68106129dcbe8ddda9e743ec613cebdd4ce9cf03daeb15c"}

experimental_model

Cell-cycle assays and NNK-induced mouse tumor model

exposure

Apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid; mouse diets 10, 40 or 120 mg/kg

limitations

Metabolite exposure, not a clinical lycopene trial; tumor multiplicity is not human survival.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Human bronchial cell lines; A/J mice separately specified

plain_language

A cell-cycle accelerator decreased.

primary_references

[lycopene-p17420169] Apo-10'-lycopenoic acid inhibits lung cancer cell growth in vitro, and suppresses lung tumorigenesis in the A/J mouse model in vivo. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17420169/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm076

tissue_or_cell_type

Bronchial epithelium and lung tumors

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 715–726

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell-cycle assays and NNK-induced mouse tumor model · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-apo-cyclin The metabolite lowered cyclin E and inhibited G1-to-S progression in the bronchial-cell models. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A cell-cycle accelerator decreased. organism: Human bronchial cell lines; A/J mice separately specified tissue_or_cell_type: Bronchial epithelium and lung tumors experimental_model: Cell-cycle assays and NNK-induced mouse tumor model limitations: Metabolite exposure, not a clinical lycopene trial; tumor multiplicity is not human survival. exposure: Apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid; mouse diets 10, 40 or 120 mg/kg evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/17420169.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "84a4b4088d833621e68106129dcbe8ddda9e743ec613cebdd4ce9cf03daeb15c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1675, "text_sha256": "84a4b4088d833621e68106129dcbe8ddda9e743ec613cebdd4ce9cf03daeb15c"} [lycopene-p17420169] Apo-10'-lycopenoic acid inhibits lung cancer cell growth in vitro, and suppresses lung tumorigenesis in the A/J mouse model in vivo. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17420169/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm076

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18566994.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1416, "text_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534"}

experimental_model

Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements

exposure

Time- and dose-dependent apo-10-prime-lycopenoid exposure

limitations

Cell-culture metabolite results do not prove oral lycopene reaches equivalent tissue concentrations or prevents human cancer.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Human BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells

plain_language

The response included machinery used to make glutathione.

primary_references

[lycopene-p18566994] Enzymatic metabolites of lycopene induce Nrf2-mediated expression of phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human bronchial epithelial cells. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18566994/ DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23696

tissue_or_cell_type

Nucleus, antioxidant enzymes and intracellular glutathione

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 533–544

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-apo-gcl Apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid induced glutamate-cysteine ligases in the bronchial-cell experiment. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The response included machinery used to make glutathione. organism: Human BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells tissue_or_cell_type: Nucleus, antioxidant enzymes and intracellular glutathione experimental_model: Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements limitations: Cell-culture metabolite results do not prove oral lycopene reaches equivalent tissue concentrations or prevents human cancer. exposure: Time- and dose-dependent apo-10-prime-lycopenoid exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18566994.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1416, "text_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534"} [lycopene-p18566994] Enzymatic metabolites of lycopene induce Nrf2-mediated expression of phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human bronchial epithelial cells. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18566994/ DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23696

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18566994.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1416, "text_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534"}

experimental_model

Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements

exposure

Time- and dose-dependent apo-10-prime-lycopenoid exposure

limitations

Cell-culture metabolite results do not prove oral lycopene reaches equivalent tissue concentrations or prevents human cancer.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Human BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells

plain_language

A measured glutathione pool rose; this does not show that dietary precursors were sufficient in every tissue.

primary_references

[lycopene-p18566994] Enzymatic metabolites of lycopene induce Nrf2-mediated expression of phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human bronchial epithelial cells. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18566994/ DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23696

tissue_or_cell_type

Nucleus, antioxidant enzymes and intracellular glutathione

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 559–570

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-apo-glutathione The metabolite increased total intracellular glutathione in BEAS-2B cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A measured glutathione pool rose; this does not show that dietary precursors were sufficient in every tissue. organism: Human BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells tissue_or_cell_type: Nucleus, antioxidant enzymes and intracellular glutathione experimental_model: Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements limitations: Cell-culture metabolite results do not prove oral lycopene reaches equivalent tissue concentrations or prevents human cancer. exposure: Time- and dose-dependent apo-10-prime-lycopenoid exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18566994.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1416, "text_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534"} [lycopene-p18566994] Enzymatic metabolites of lycopene induce Nrf2-mediated expression of phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human bronchial epithelial cells. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18566994/ DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23696

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18566994.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1416, "text_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534"}

experimental_model

Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements

exposure

Time- and dose-dependent apo-10-prime-lycopenoid exposure

limitations

Cell-culture metabolite results do not prove oral lycopene reaches equivalent tissue concentrations or prevents human cancer.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Human BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells

plain_language

Some responding enzymes use glutathione in conjugation reactions.

primary_references

[lycopene-p18566994] Enzymatic metabolites of lycopene induce Nrf2-mediated expression of phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human bronchial epithelial cells. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18566994/ DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23696

tissue_or_cell_type

Nucleus, antioxidant enzymes and intracellular glutathione

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 546–557

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-apo-gst Apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid induced glutathione S-transferases in BEAS-2B cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Some responding enzymes use glutathione in conjugation reactions. organism: Human BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells tissue_or_cell_type: Nucleus, antioxidant enzymes and intracellular glutathione experimental_model: Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements limitations: Cell-culture metabolite results do not prove oral lycopene reaches equivalent tissue concentrations or prevents human cancer. exposure: Time- and dose-dependent apo-10-prime-lycopenoid exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18566994.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1416, "text_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534"} [lycopene-p18566994] Enzymatic metabolites of lycopene induce Nrf2-mediated expression of phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human bronchial epithelial cells. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18566994/ DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23696

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18566994.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1416, "text_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534"}

experimental_model

Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements

exposure

Time- and dose-dependent apo-10-prime-lycopenoid exposure

limitations

Cell-culture metabolite results do not prove oral lycopene reaches equivalent tissue concentrations or prevents human cancer.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Human BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells

plain_language

One responding enzyme handles heme turnover.

primary_references

[lycopene-p18566994] Enzymatic metabolites of lycopene induce Nrf2-mediated expression of phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human bronchial epithelial cells. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18566994/ DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23696

tissue_or_cell_type

Nucleus, antioxidant enzymes and intracellular glutathione

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 507–518

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-apo-hmox1 Apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid induced heme oxygenase-1 in bronchial epithelial cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One responding enzyme handles heme turnover. organism: Human BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells tissue_or_cell_type: Nucleus, antioxidant enzymes and intracellular glutathione experimental_model: Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements limitations: Cell-culture metabolite results do not prove oral lycopene reaches equivalent tissue concentrations or prevents human cancer. exposure: Time- and dose-dependent apo-10-prime-lycopenoid exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18566994.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1416, "text_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534"} [lycopene-p18566994] Enzymatic metabolites of lycopene induce Nrf2-mediated expression of phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human bronchial epithelial cells. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18566994/ DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23696

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/17420169.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "84a4b4088d833621e68106129dcbe8ddda9e743ec613cebdd4ce9cf03daeb15c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1675, "text_sha256": "84a4b4088d833621e68106129dcbe8ddda9e743ec613cebdd4ce9cf03daeb15c"}

experimental_model

Cell-cycle assays and NNK-induced mouse tumor model

exposure

Apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid; mouse diets 10, 40 or 120 mg/kg

limitations

Metabolite exposure, not a clinical lycopene trial; tumor multiplicity is not human survival.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

A/J mouse

plain_language

The animal result is a research lead, not demonstrated human cancer prevention.

primary_references

[lycopene-p17420169] Apo-10'-lycopenoic acid inhibits lung cancer cell growth in vitro, and suppresses lung tumorigenesis in the A/J mouse model in vivo. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17420169/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm076

tissue_or_cell_type

Bronchial epithelium and lung tumors

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 754–765

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell-cycle assays and NNK-induced mouse tumor model · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-apo-mouse-tumors Mean tumors per mouse fell from 16 with NNK alone to 10, 7 and 5 across ascending metabolite diet doses. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The animal result is a research lead, not demonstrated human cancer prevention. organism: A/J mouse tissue_or_cell_type: Bronchial epithelium and lung tumors experimental_model: Cell-cycle assays and NNK-induced mouse tumor model limitations: Metabolite exposure, not a clinical lycopene trial; tumor multiplicity is not human survival. exposure: Apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid; mouse diets 10, 40 or 120 mg/kg evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/17420169.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "84a4b4088d833621e68106129dcbe8ddda9e743ec613cebdd4ce9cf03daeb15c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1675, "text_sha256": "84a4b4088d833621e68106129dcbe8ddda9e743ec613cebdd4ce9cf03daeb15c"} [lycopene-p17420169] Apo-10'-lycopenoic acid inhibits lung cancer cell growth in vitro, and suppresses lung tumorigenesis in the A/J mouse model in vivo. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17420169/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm076

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18566994.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1416, "text_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534"}

experimental_model

Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements

exposure

Time- and dose-dependent apo-10-prime-lycopenoid exposure

limitations

Cell-culture metabolite results do not prove oral lycopene reaches equivalent tissue concentrations or prevents human cancer.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Human BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells

plain_language

This shares a protective enzyme node with other compounds already in the ledger.

primary_references

[lycopene-p18566994] Enzymatic metabolites of lycopene induce Nrf2-mediated expression of phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human bronchial epithelial cells. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18566994/ DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23696

tissue_or_cell_type

Nucleus, antioxidant enzymes and intracellular glutathione

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 520–531

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-apo-nqo1 Apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid induced NQO1 in BEAS-2B cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This shares a protective enzyme node with other compounds already in the ledger. organism: Human BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells tissue_or_cell_type: Nucleus, antioxidant enzymes and intracellular glutathione experimental_model: Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements limitations: Cell-culture metabolite results do not prove oral lycopene reaches equivalent tissue concentrations or prevents human cancer. exposure: Time- and dose-dependent apo-10-prime-lycopenoid exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18566994.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1416, "text_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534"} [lycopene-p18566994] Enzymatic metabolites of lycopene induce Nrf2-mediated expression of phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human bronchial epithelial cells. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18566994/ DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23696

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18566994.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1416, "text_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534"}

experimental_model

Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements

exposure

Time- and dose-dependent apo-10-prime-lycopenoid exposure

limitations

Cell-culture metabolite results do not prove oral lycopene reaches equivalent tissue concentrations or prevents human cancer.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Human BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells

plain_language

A defined breakdown product activated the Nrf2-associated response.

primary_references

[lycopene-p18566994] Enzymatic metabolites of lycopene induce Nrf2-mediated expression of phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human bronchial epithelial cells. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18566994/ DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23696

tissue_or_cell_type

Nucleus, antioxidant enzymes and intracellular glutathione

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 494–505

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-apo-nrf2 Apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid increased nuclear Nrf2 accumulation in BEAS-2B cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A defined breakdown product activated the Nrf2-associated response. organism: Human BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells tissue_or_cell_type: Nucleus, antioxidant enzymes and intracellular glutathione experimental_model: Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements limitations: Cell-culture metabolite results do not prove oral lycopene reaches equivalent tissue concentrations or prevents human cancer. exposure: Time- and dose-dependent apo-10-prime-lycopenoid exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18566994.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1416, "text_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534"} [lycopene-p18566994] Enzymatic metabolites of lycopene induce Nrf2-mediated expression of phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human bronchial epithelial cells. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18566994/ DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23696

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18566994.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1416, "text_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534"}

experimental_model

Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements

exposure

Time- and dose-dependent apo-10-prime-lycopenoid exposure

limitations

Cell-culture metabolite results do not prove oral lycopene reaches equivalent tissue concentrations or prevents human cancer.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Human BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells

plain_language

Cells were less vulnerable to the tested oxidant exposure.

primary_references

[lycopene-p18566994] Enzymatic metabolites of lycopene induce Nrf2-mediated expression of phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human bronchial epithelial cells. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18566994/ DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23696

tissue_or_cell_type

Nucleus, antioxidant enzymes and intracellular glutathione

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 572–583

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-apo-oxidant-injury The metabolite suppressed endogenous ROS generation and hydrogen-peroxide-induced injury in BEAS-2B cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Cells were less vulnerable to the tested oxidant exposure. organism: Human BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells tissue_or_cell_type: Nucleus, antioxidant enzymes and intracellular glutathione experimental_model: Metabolite exposure and gene/protein/redox measurements limitations: Cell-culture metabolite results do not prove oral lycopene reaches equivalent tissue concentrations or prevents human cancer. exposure: Time- and dose-dependent apo-10-prime-lycopenoid exposure evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/18566994.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1416, "text_sha256": "e34a21bb159c3e48372fd5cb104bfa50572903a5ef168b10100976a718b7b534"} [lycopene-p18566994] Enzymatic metabolites of lycopene induce Nrf2-mediated expression of phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human bronchial epithelial cells. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18566994/ DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23696

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/17420169.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "84a4b4088d833621e68106129dcbe8ddda9e743ec613cebdd4ce9cf03daeb15c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1675, "text_sha256": "84a4b4088d833621e68106129dcbe8ddda9e743ec613cebdd4ce9cf03daeb15c"}

experimental_model

Cell-cycle assays and NNK-induced mouse tumor model

exposure

Apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid; mouse diets 10, 40 or 120 mg/kg

limitations

Metabolite exposure, not a clinical lycopene trial; tumor multiplicity is not human survival.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Human bronchial cell lines; A/J mice separately specified

plain_language

Proteins that restrain cell-cycle progression increased.

primary_references

[lycopene-p17420169] Apo-10'-lycopenoic acid inhibits lung cancer cell growth in vitro, and suppresses lung tumorigenesis in the A/J mouse model in vivo. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17420169/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm076

tissue_or_cell_type

Bronchial epithelium and lung tumors

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 728–739

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell-cycle assays and NNK-induced mouse tumor model · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-apo-p21-p27 The metabolite increased p21 and p27 protein in the tested bronchial cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Proteins that restrain cell-cycle progression increased. organism: Human bronchial cell lines; A/J mice separately specified tissue_or_cell_type: Bronchial epithelium and lung tumors experimental_model: Cell-cycle assays and NNK-induced mouse tumor model limitations: Metabolite exposure, not a clinical lycopene trial; tumor multiplicity is not human survival. exposure: Apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid; mouse diets 10, 40 or 120 mg/kg evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/17420169.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "84a4b4088d833621e68106129dcbe8ddda9e743ec613cebdd4ce9cf03daeb15c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1675, "text_sha256": "84a4b4088d833621e68106129dcbe8ddda9e743ec613cebdd4ce9cf03daeb15c"} [lycopene-p17420169] Apo-10'-lycopenoic acid inhibits lung cancer cell growth in vitro, and suppresses lung tumorigenesis in the A/J mouse model in vivo. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17420169/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm076

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/17420169.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "84a4b4088d833621e68106129dcbe8ddda9e743ec613cebdd4ce9cf03daeb15c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1675, "text_sha256": "84a4b4088d833621e68106129dcbe8ddda9e743ec613cebdd4ce9cf03daeb15c"}

experimental_model

Cell-cycle assays and NNK-induced mouse tumor model

exposure

Apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid; mouse diets 10, 40 or 120 mg/kg

limitations

Metabolite exposure, not a clinical lycopene trial; tumor multiplicity is not human survival.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Human bronchial cell lines; A/J mice separately specified

plain_language

A lycopene product can intersect retinoid signaling without becoming vitamin A.

primary_references

[lycopene-p17420169] Apo-10'-lycopenoic acid inhibits lung cancer cell growth in vitro, and suppresses lung tumorigenesis in the A/J mouse model in vivo. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17420169/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm076

tissue_or_cell_type

Bronchial epithelium and lung tumors

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 741–752

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell-cycle assays and NNK-induced mouse tumor model · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-apo-rarb Apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid activated the RAR-beta promoter and increased RAR-beta expression. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A lycopene product can intersect retinoid signaling without becoming vitamin A. organism: Human bronchial cell lines; A/J mice separately specified tissue_or_cell_type: Bronchial epithelium and lung tumors experimental_model: Cell-cycle assays and NNK-induced mouse tumor model limitations: Metabolite exposure, not a clinical lycopene trial; tumor multiplicity is not human survival. exposure: Apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid; mouse diets 10, 40 or 120 mg/kg evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/17420169.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "84a4b4088d833621e68106129dcbe8ddda9e743ec613cebdd4ce9cf03daeb15c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1675, "text_sha256": "84a4b4088d833621e68106129dcbe8ddda9e743ec613cebdd4ce9cf03daeb15c"} [lycopene-p17420169] Apo-10'-lycopenoic acid inhibits lung cancer cell growth in vitro, and suppresses lung tumorigenesis in the A/J mouse model in vivo. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17420169/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm076

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/16672231.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1967, "text_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445"}

experimental_model

Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism

exposure

5-cis, 13-cis and all-trans lycopene; iron; NAD+ or NADH

limitations

Ferret experiments do not quantify human cleavage flux or predict supplement response.

nutrient_topic

Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lycopene

organism

Ferret

plain_language

The oxidized niacin-derived cofactor helped steer the aldehyde toward an acid.

primary_references

[lycopene-p16672231] The biochemical characterization of ferret carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase catalyzing cleavage of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16672231/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512095200

tissue_or_cell_type

BCO2 enzyme; hepatic fractions and lung

Lycopene: absorption, metabolism, nutrient connections and human outcomes (2026-09-17) · lines 338–349

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### lycopene-apo-nad NAD+ supported conversion of apo-10-prime-lycopenal to apo-10-prime-lycopenoic acid in ferret hepatic fractions. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lycopene research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The oxidized niacin-derived cofactor helped steer the aldehyde toward an acid. organism: Ferret tissue_or_cell_type: BCO2 enzyme; hepatic fractions and lung experimental_model: Recombinant ferret enzyme and tissue-fraction metabolism limitations: Ferret experiments do not quantify human cleavage flux or predict supplement response. exposure: 5-cis, 13-cis and all-trans lycopene; iron; NAD+ or NADH evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lycopene-research/16672231.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1967, "text_sha256": "135695c9d3106469d8d64ec0806ba5bf048f0f1df6f3e3cd53e838e50b960445"} [lycopene-p16672231] The biochemical characterization of ferret carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase catalyzing cleavage of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16672231/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512095200