Component

Zinc sulfate

Independent biological entity. Read linked claims for experimental scope and context.

6 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. High-dose supplemental zinc reduced measured Mg absorption in the pooled metabolic-balance groups.

    Zinc sulfate → Intestinal magnesium absorption source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    Zinc -> magnesium availability; calcium intake recorded as context.
    experimental_model
    Adult men; three dietary calcium strata.
    exposure
    142 mg Zn/day as sulfate; calcium 230, 500 or 800 mg/day. Only the 500-mg stratum individually significant; pooled groups significant.
    limitations
    142 mg zinc/day is a high experimental exposure; ordinary food zinc effects and a shared transporter were not established.
    nutrient_topic
    Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Magnesium
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Large zinc exposure can interfere with magnesium uptake.
    primary_references
    [mg-spencer1994] Inhibitory effects of zinc on magnesium balance and magnesium absorption in man (1994). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7836627/ DOI: 10.1080/07315724.1994.10718438
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Human intestinal absorption and metabolic balance

    Magnesium: cross-nutrient mechanisms and deficiency (2026-09-17) · lines 1577–1588

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Adult men; three dietary calcium strata. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mg-high-zinc-lowers-absorption High-dose supplemental zinc reduced measured Mg absorption in the pooled metabolic-balance groups. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Large zinc exposure can interfere with magnesium uptake. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Human intestinal absorption and metabolic balance experimental_model: Adult men; three dietary calcium strata. limitations: 142 mg zinc/day is a high experimental exposure; ordinary food zinc effects and a shared transporter were not established. cross_nutrient: Zinc -> magnesium availability; calcium intake recorded as context. exposure: 142 mg Zn/day as sulfate; calcium 230, 500 or 800 mg/day. Only the 500-mg stratum individually significant; pooled groups significant. [mg-spencer1994] Inhibitory effects of zinc on magnesium balance and magnesium absorption in man (1994). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7836627/ DOI: 10.1080/07315724.1994.10718438
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. The pooled high-zinc groups also had lower Mg balance.

    Zinc sulfate → Whole-body magnesium balance source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    Zinc/Mg intake balance; exposure-dependent.
    experimental_model
    Same adult metabolic-balance experiment.
    limitations
    Not a molecular transporter competition assay or evidence that every zinc dose depletes Mg.
    nutrient_topic
    Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Magnesium
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Absorption interference was accompanied by a change in net magnesium balance.
    primary_references
    [mg-spencer1994] Inhibitory effects of zinc on magnesium balance and magnesium absorption in man (1994). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7836627/ DOI: 10.1080/07315724.1994.10718438
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Human intestinal absorption and metabolic balance

    Magnesium: cross-nutrient mechanisms and deficiency (2026-09-17) · lines 1590–1600

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Same adult metabolic-balance experiment. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mg-high-zinc-lowers-balance The pooled high-zinc groups also had lower Mg balance. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Magnesium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Absorption interference was accompanied by a change in net magnesium balance. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Human intestinal absorption and metabolic balance experimental_model: Same adult metabolic-balance experiment. limitations: Not a molecular transporter competition assay or evidence that every zinc dose depletes Mg. cross_nutrient: Zinc/Mg intake balance; exposure-dependent. [mg-spencer1994] Inhibitory effects of zinc on magnesium balance and magnesium absorption in man (1994). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7836627/ DOI: 10.1080/07315724.1994.10718438
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Diarrhea beyond five days occurred in 6.5%, 7.7% and 7.2% of the 20, 10 and 5 mg groups. The lower doses met the four-percentage-point noninferiority margin; stool counts also met the two-stool margin.

    Zinc sulfate → Child diarrheal illness days source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    Total loose or watery stools after enrollment (co_primary_endpoint)
    evidence_location
    Indexed primary abstract; accessible manuscript Methods and Results also inspected.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/zinc-clinical-sources/dhingra2020.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; complete local file", "file_sha256": "48deafc698125c49384f5678bf65f3af2a4fc3359510f29a9a94a6b4991ee03e", "utf8_bytes": 2238}
    experimental_model
    Double-blind randomized multicenter noninferiority trial in 4500 children aged 6–59 months in India and Tanzania
    exposure
    5, 10 or 20 mg zinc/day using zinc sulfate for 14 days.
    limitations
    Active-dose comparisons without a placebo arm. Noninferiority depends on the prespecified margin; not proof that doses are identical. Historical regimens are not current dosing guidance.
    nutrient_topic
    Zinc research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Zinc
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    The tested lower doses preserved trial-defined efficacy.
    primary_references
    [zn-clin-dhingra2020] Lower-Dose Zinc for Childhood Diarrhea - A Randomized, Multicenter Trial. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32966722/ DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1915905
    published_estimates
    10 versus 20 mg: risk difference 1.2 percentage points, upper 98.75% CI 3.3; 5 versus 20 mg: 0.7, upper 2.8. Mean stools 10.7, 10.9, 10.8 (20,10,5 mg); reported differences 0.3 (upper 1.0) and 0.1 (upper 0.8). Indexed published version used; source-version differences retained in paper notes.
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Acute diarrheal illness and vomiting

    Zinc: transport, enzyme loading, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1512–1526

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized multicenter noninferiority trial in 4500 children aged 6–59 months in India and Tanzania · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### zn-clin-diarrhea-dose-efficacy Diarrhea beyond five days occurred in 6.5%, 7.7% and 7.2% of the 20, 10 and 5 mg groups. The lower doses met the four-percentage-point noninferiority margin; stool counts also met the two-stool margin. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Zinc research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The tested lower doses preserved trial-defined efficacy. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Acute diarrheal illness and vomiting experimental_model: Double-blind randomized multicenter noninferiority trial in 4500 children aged 6–59 months in India and Tanzania limitations: Active-dose comparisons without a placebo arm. Noninferiority depends on the prespecified margin; not proof that doses are identical. Historical regimens are not current dosing guidance. exposure: 5, 10 or 20 mg zinc/day using zinc sulfate for 14 days. cross_nutrient: Total loose or watery stools after enrollment (co_primary_endpoint) evidence_location: Indexed primary abstract; accessible manuscript Methods and Results also inspected. evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/zinc-clinical-sources/dhingra2020.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; complete local file", "file_sha256": "48deafc698125c49384f5678bf65f3af2a4fc3359510f29a9a94a6b4991ee03e", "utf8_bytes": 2238} published_estimates: 10 versus 20 mg: risk difference 1.2 percentage points, upper 98.75% CI 3.3; 5 versus 20 mg: 0.7, upper 2.8. Mean stools 10.7, 10.9, 10.8 (20,10,5 mg); reported differences 0.3 (upper 1.0) and 0.1 (upper 0.8). Indexed published version used; source-version differences retained in paper notes. [zn-clin-dhingra2020] Lower-Dose Zinc for Childhood Diarrhea - A Randomized, Multicenter Trial. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32966722/ DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1915905
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. Vomiting within 30 minutes occurred in 19.3%, 15.6% and 13.7% of children at 20, 10 and 5 mg respectively; relative risks versus 20 mg were 0.81 (97.5% CI .67–.96) and .71 (.59–.86).

    Zinc sulfate → Vomiting after an administered dose source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    Zinc exposure and the specifically measured response.
    evidence_location
    Indexed primary abstract; accessible manuscript Methods and Results also inspected.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/zinc-clinical-sources/dhingra2020.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; complete local file", "file_sha256": "48deafc698125c49384f5678bf65f3af2a4fc3359510f29a9a94a6b4991ee03e", "utf8_bytes": 2238}
    experimental_model
    Double-blind randomized multicenter noninferiority trial in 4500 children aged 6–59 months in India and Tanzania
    exposure
    5, 10 or 20 mg zinc/day using zinc sulfate for 14 days.
    limitations
    Active-dose comparisons without a placebo arm. Noninferiority depends on the prespecified margin; not proof that doses are identical. Historical regimens are not current dosing guidance.
    nutrient_topic
    Zinc research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Zinc
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Lower doses caused less vomiting in this trial.
    primary_references
    [zn-clin-dhingra2020] Lower-Dose Zinc for Childhood Diarrhea - A Randomized, Multicenter Trial. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32966722/ DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1915905
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Acute diarrheal illness and vomiting

    Zinc: transport, enzyme loading, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1528–1541

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomized multicenter noninferiority trial in 4500 children aged 6–59 months in India and Tanzania · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### zn-clin-diarrhea-dose-vomiting Vomiting within 30 minutes occurred in 19.3%, 15.6% and 13.7% of children at 20, 10 and 5 mg respectively; relative risks versus 20 mg were 0.81 (97.5% CI .67–.96) and .71 (.59–.86). Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Zinc research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Lower doses caused less vomiting in this trial. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Acute diarrheal illness and vomiting experimental_model: Double-blind randomized multicenter noninferiority trial in 4500 children aged 6–59 months in India and Tanzania limitations: Active-dose comparisons without a placebo arm. Noninferiority depends on the prespecified margin; not proof that doses are identical. Historical regimens are not current dosing guidance. exposure: 5, 10 or 20 mg zinc/day using zinc sulfate for 14 days. cross_nutrient: Zinc exposure and the specifically measured response. evidence_location: Indexed primary abstract; accessible manuscript Methods and Results also inspected. evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/zinc-clinical-sources/dhingra2020.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; complete local file", "file_sha256": "48deafc698125c49384f5678bf65f3af2a4fc3359510f29a9a94a6b4991ee03e", "utf8_bytes": 2238} [zn-clin-dhingra2020] Lower-Dose Zinc for Childhood Diarrhea - A Randomized, Multicenter Trial. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32966722/ DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1915905
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Adding 10 µM ZnSO4 during human SOD1 expression in HEK293T cells promoted site-selective binding of one zinc ion per SOD1 subunit and the zinc-containing dimer.

    Zinc(II) ion → Zinc-bound disulfide-reduced human SOD1 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    experimental_model
    Transient expression of human SOD1 and CCS in human HEK293T cells; in-cell NMR
    exposure
    10 µM ZnSO4 immediately after transfection; 48 h expression before later copper manipulations.
    limitations
    HEK293T cells overexpressed SOD1/CCS above endogenous levels; these medium concentrations are experimental exposures, not dietary targets. Copper transfer and disulfide oxidation need not occur in a fixed coupled step in every cellular context.
    nutrient_topic
    Zinc research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Zinc
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Zinc binding helps the cellular SOD1 protein reach a dimeric maturation intermediate.
    primary_references
    [zinc-enz-sod1-live2013] Atomic-resolution monitoring of protein maturation in live human cells by NMR. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23455544/ DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1202
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Human HEK293T cytoplasm

    Zinc: transport, enzyme loading, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 729–740

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transient expression of human SOD1 and CCS in human HEK293T cells; in-cell NMR · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### zinc-enz-sod1-zinc-binding Adding 10 µM ZnSO4 during human SOD1 expression in HEK293T cells promoted site-selective binding of one zinc ion per SOD1 subunit and the zinc-containing dimer. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Zinc research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Zinc binding helps the cellular SOD1 protein reach a dimeric maturation intermediate. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Human HEK293T cytoplasm experimental_model: Transient expression of human SOD1 and CCS in human HEK293T cells; in-cell NMR limitations: HEK293T cells overexpressed SOD1/CCS above endogenous levels; these medium concentrations are experimental exposures, not dietary targets. Copper transfer and disulfide oxidation need not occur in a fixed coupled step in every cellular context. exposure: 10 µM ZnSO4 immediately after transfection; 48 h expression before later copper manipulations. cross_nutrient: false [zinc-enz-sod1-live2013] Atomic-resolution monitoring of protein maturation in live human cells by NMR. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23455544/ DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1202
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Adding 1 µM ZnSO4 did not suppress ER-stress gene induction in Zip7-deficient intestinal organoids assessed 48 hours after induction of deletion; the study also observed no rescue in fibroblasts, while restored ZIP7 expression rescued their stress response.

    Zinc → Intestinal crypt endoplasmic-reticulum stress source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    Mouse ZIP7 / Slc39a7 (affected_transporter)
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/zinc-signaling-sources/27736879.txt", "locator": "Results: Zip7 deletion activates ER stress; Figure 4, Figure 5 and supplemental Figure S8", "file_sha256": "4771f8b4a2b4e332b10bd2a5abef6f538cc38f4c85916b44ddab9f15679ed621"}
    experimental_model
    Conditional intestinal Zip7-deficient mice and organoids
    exposure
    Supplemental Figure S8: 1 µM ZnSO4; intestinal organoids assessed 48 hours after the study-induced Zip7 deletion. The fibroblast comparison also used 1 µM ZnSO4. This exposure did not suppress the measured ER-stress gene induction.
    limitations
    Cell lineage and tissue context matter. Supplementation failing to rescue a transporter defect is not evidence that ordinary dietary zinc replacement fails.
    nutrient_topic
    Zinc research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Zinc
    organism
    Mus musculus
    plain_language
    More available zinc did not substitute for the missing distribution machinery.
    primary_references
    [zn-sig-27736879] Zinc Transporter SLC39A7/ZIP7 Promotes Intestinal Epithelial Self-Renewal by Resolving ER Stress. (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27736879/ DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006349
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Intestinal crypts, progenitor cells and organoids
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Zinc: transport, enzyme loading, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1139–1151

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Conditional intestinal Zip7-deficient mice and organoids · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### zn-sig-zip7-zinc-no-rescue Adding 1 µM ZnSO4 did not suppress ER-stress gene induction in Zip7-deficient intestinal organoids assessed 48 hours after induction of deletion; the study also observed no rescue in fibroblasts, while restored ZIP7 expression rescued their stress response. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Zinc research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: More available zinc did not substitute for the missing distribution machinery. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Intestinal crypts, progenitor cells and organoids experimental_model: Conditional intestinal Zip7-deficient mice and organoids limitations: Cell lineage and tissue context matter. Supplementation failing to rescue a transporter defect is not evidence that ordinary dietary zinc replacement fails. exposure: Supplemental Figure S8: 1 µM ZnSO4; intestinal organoids assessed 48 hours after the study-induced Zip7 deletion. The fibroblast comparison also used 1 µM ZnSO4. This exposure did not suppress the measured ER-stress gene induction. cross_nutrient: Mouse ZIP7 / Slc39a7 (affected_transporter) evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/zinc-signaling-sources/27736879.txt", "locator": "Results: Zip7 deletion activates ER stress; Figure 4, Figure 5 and supplemental Figure S8", "file_sha256": "4771f8b4a2b4e332b10bd2a5abef6f538cc38f4c85916b44ddab9f15679ed621"} [zn-sig-27736879] Zinc Transporter SLC39A7/ZIP7 Promotes Intestinal Epithelial Self-Renewal by Resolving ER Stress. (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27736879/ DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006349
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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