Component

Rod dark adaptation

Rod dark adaptation; measured endpoint and experimental scope are stated in linked claims.

4 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. Ectopic RDH10 expression did not enable bleached mouse rods to recover sensitivity when supplied with 9-cis-retinol.

    Rod-expressed transgenic RDH10 → Rod dark adaptation source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    evidence_location
    Figure 9C; Results: ectopic RDH10 expression
    experimental_model
    Rod RDH10 transgenesis; single-cell suction recordings
    exposure
    100 micromolar 9-cis-retinol after approximately 50% pigment bleach.
    limitations
    Expression was mosaic; the substrate was 9-cis-retinol, not 11-cis-retinol. This tests sufficiency in rods, not necessity in cones.
    nutrient
    Vitamin A · Vitamin A
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Mus musculus
    plain_language
    Adding RDH10 alone did not let rods use the supplied retinol isomer.
    primary_references
    [vav-xue2017] The role of retinol dehydrogenase 10 in the cone visual cycle. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28539612/ DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02549-8
    tissue_or_cell_type
    isolated rods

    Vitamin A expansion: reproduction, light-driven vision and shared mechanisms (2026-09-17) · lines 663–676

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rod RDH10 transgenesis; single-cell suction recordings · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### vae-rdh10-rod-transgene-9cis-retinol Ectopic RDH10 expression did not enable bleached mouse rods to recover sensitivity when supplied with 9-cis-retinol. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Adding RDH10 alone did not let rods use the supplied retinol isomer. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: isolated rods experimental_model: Rod RDH10 transgenesis; single-cell suction recordings limitations: Expression was mosaic; the substrate was 9-cis-retinol, not 11-cis-retinol. This tests sufficiency in rods, not necessity in cones. exposure: 100 micromolar 9-cis-retinol after approximately 50% pigment bleach. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Figure 9C; Results: ectopic RDH10 expression nutrient: Vitamin A [vav-xue2017] The role of retinol dehydrogenase 10 in the cone visual cycle. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28539612/ DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02549-8
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. RgrStop/Stop mice with intact Gnat1 recovered rod ERG responses more slowly after sustained bright illumination than Rgr-intact controls.

    RGR loss → Rod dark adaptation source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    false
    evidence_location
    Figure 8A; Results: RGR supports rod dark adaptation
    experimental_model
    Transcriptional-stop Rgr knockout; rod-driven ERG
    exposure
    530-nm background at 300 cd/m2 for 30 minutes; recovery followed in darkness.
    limitations
    Post-illumination recovery does not imply RGR catalyzes isomerization in darkness.
    nutrient
    Vitamin A · Vitamin A
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Mus musculus
    plain_language
    The light-driven recycling route also helped rods recover after the light was switched off.
    primary_references
    [vav-tworak2023] Rapid RGR-dependent visual pigment recycling is mediated by the RPE and specialized Müller glia. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37585292/ DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112982
    tissue_or_cell_type
    intact eye; rod photoreceptors
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Vitamin A expansion: reproduction, light-driven vision and shared mechanisms (2026-09-17) · lines 543–556

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transcriptional-stop Rgr knockout; rod-driven ERG · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### vae-rgr-loss-rod-dark-adaptation RgrStop/Stop mice with intact Gnat1 recovered rod ERG responses more slowly after sustained bright illumination than Rgr-intact controls. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Vitamin A expansion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The light-driven recycling route also helped rods recover after the light was switched off. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: intact eye; rod photoreceptors experimental_model: Transcriptional-stop Rgr knockout; rod-driven ERG limitations: Post-illumination recovery does not imply RGR catalyzes isomerization in darkness. exposure: 530-nm background at 300 cd/m2 for 30 minutes; recovery followed in darkness. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Figure 8A; Results: RGR supports rod dark adaptation nutrient: Vitamin A [vav-tworak2023] Rapid RGR-dependent visual pigment recycling is mediated by the RPE and specialized Müller glia. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37585292/ DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112982
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. The RDH5-associated fundus albipunctatus phenotype included delayed visual-pigment regeneration and night blindness.

    Pathogenic RDH5 variants → Rod dark adaptation source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    experimental_model
    Clinical phenotype and family segregation
    limitations
    Genetic association plus enzyme evidence; not a supplementation trial.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    A recycling defect can delay vision recovery in darkness despite a different cause from dietary deficiency.
    primary_references
    [yamamoto-1999] Mutations in the gene encoding 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase cause delayed dark adaptation and fundus albipunctatus (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10369264/ DOI: 10.1038/9707
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Retina
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 745–754

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Clinical phenotype and family segregation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### a-vision-rdh5-night-adaptation The RDH5-associated fundus albipunctatus phenotype included delayed visual-pigment regeneration and night blindness. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A recycling defect can delay vision recovery in darkness despite a different cause from dietary deficiency. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Retina experimental_model: Clinical phenotype and family segregation limitations: Genetic association plus enzyme evidence; not a supplementation trial. [yamamoto-1999] Mutations in the gene encoding 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase cause delayed dark adaptation and fundus albipunctatus (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10369264/ DOI: 10.1038/9707
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. RPE-selective CRALBP knockout markedly delayed mouse rod dark adaptation after bleaching.

    RPE-selective CRALBP loss → Rod dark adaptation source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    experimental_model
    ERG recovery after bleaching
    limitations
    Same machinery perturbation as the retinoid measurements.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin A
    organism
    Mus musculus
    plain_language
    The slowed recycling is accompanied by slow rod recovery.
    primary_references
    [bassetto-2024] Dominant role for pigment epithelial CRALBP in supplying visual chromophore to photoreceptors (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38676924/ DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114143
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Rod retina with RPE-selective mutation
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Vitamin A: forms, mechanisms, deficiency and excess (2026-09-17) · lines 871–880

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · ERG recovery after bleaching · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### a-vision-rpe-cralbp-rods RPE-selective CRALBP knockout markedly delayed mouse rod dark adaptation after bleaching. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Vitamin A research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The slowed recycling is accompanied by slow rod recovery. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Rod retina with RPE-selective mutation experimental_model: ERG recovery after bleaching limitations: Same machinery perturbation as the retinoid measurements. [bassetto-2024] Dominant role for pigment epithelial CRALBP in supplying visual chromophore to photoreceptors (2024). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38676924/ DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114143
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards