Component

Rat sodium/iodide symporter / Slc5a5

Rat NIS orthologue; distinct from human SLC5A5. Rat sodium iodide symporter

6 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. NIS immunolocalization in rat small-intestinal enterocytes was restricted to their apical surface.

    Rat sodium/iodide symporter / Slc5a5 → Intestinal epithelial apical membrane source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    experimental_model
    Rat and mouse intestinal localization, intestinal brush-border vesicles and IEC-6 cells
    exposure
    Tissue localization; no intake intervention used for this claim.
    limitations
    Anatomical localization does not quantify the fraction of human iodine absorbed through this route.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Rattus norvegicus
    plain_language
    In the intestine, NIS faces the dietary contents.
    primary_references
    [iodine-trans-intestine2009] The Na+/I- symporter mediates active iodide uptake in the intestine. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19052257/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00509.2008
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Small-intestinal enterocytes

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 245–256

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rat and mouse intestinal localization, intestinal brush-border vesicles and IEC-6 cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iodine-trans-intestinal-location NIS immunolocalization in rat small-intestinal enterocytes was restricted to their apical surface. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: In the intestine, NIS faces the dietary contents. organism: Rattus norvegicus tissue_or_cell_type: Small-intestinal enterocytes experimental_model: Rat and mouse intestinal localization, intestinal brush-border vesicles and IEC-6 cells limitations: Anatomical localization does not quantify the fraction of human iodine absorbed through this route. exposure: Tissue localization; no intake intervention used for this claim. cross_nutrient: false [iodine-trans-intestine2009] The Na+/I- symporter mediates active iodide uptake in the intestine. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19052257/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00509.2008
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Rat NIS expressed in Xenopus oocytes transported iodide with two sodium ions per anion and generated inward electrogenic transport.

    Rat sodium/iodide symporter / Slc5a5 → NIS sodium-iodide cotransport source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    true
    experimental_model
    Rat NIS expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes; electrophysiology and tracer uptake
    exposure
    Tracer uptake and electrophysiology; apparent sodium affinity 28 ± 3 mM and iodide affinity 33 ± 9 micromolar.
    limitations
    Rat-protein assay parameters are not dietary sodium requirements or human iodide thresholds.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Rat protein in Xenopus laevis oocytes
    plain_language
    NIS uses sodium movement to carry iodide into cells.
    primary_references
    [iodine-trans-stoichiometry1997] Thyroid Na+/I- symporter. Mechanism, stoichiometry, and specificity. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9341168/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.43.27230
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Oocyte plasma membrane

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 167–178

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rat NIS expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes; electrophysiology and tracer uptake · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iodine-trans-sodium-coupling Rat NIS expressed in Xenopus oocytes transported iodide with two sodium ions per anion and generated inward electrogenic transport. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: NIS uses sodium movement to carry iodide into cells. organism: Rat protein in Xenopus laevis oocytes tissue_or_cell_type: Oocyte plasma membrane experimental_model: Rat NIS expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes; electrophysiology and tracer uptake limitations: Rat-protein assay parameters are not dietary sodium requirements or human iodide thresholds. exposure: Tracer uptake and electrophysiology; apparent sodium affinity 28 ± 3 mM and iodide affinity 33 ± 9 micromolar. cross_nutrient: true [iodine-trans-stoichiometry1997] Thyroid Na+/I- symporter. Mechanism, stoichiometry, and specificity. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9341168/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.43.27230
    Complete structured claim and evidence

What acts on it

  1. Rats given 0.05% NaI in drinking water had lower thyroid NIS mRNA and protein at both 1 and 6 days.

    Sodium iodide → Rat sodium/iodide symporter / Slc5a5 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/iodine-synthesis-sources/10433193.json", "json_field": "abstractText", "text_sha256": "edf82df926d65731111d3f6b8005965a95e9928421170aa4cb5cef0709adc924", "text_characters": 2339, "note": "Exact publisher passage retained in the cited local source cache; locator and digest supplied here."}
    experimental_model
    Rat oral and intraperitoneal sodium iodide experiments
    exposure
    0.05% sodium iodide in drinking water for 1 or 6 days.
    limitations
    Expression data support an escape mechanism but do not independently prove NIS reduction sufficient for escape.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Rattus norvegicus
    plain_language
    Sustained excess iodide reduced the thyroid uptake machinery in rats.
    primary_references
    [iodine-syn-escape1999] Escape from the acute Wolff-Chaikoff effect is associated with a decrease in thyroid sodium/iodide symporter messenger ribonucleic acid and protein. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10433193/ DOI: 10.1210/endo.140.8.6893
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Thyroid

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 772–784

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rat oral and intraperitoneal sodium iodide experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iodine-syn-escape-nis Rats given 0.05% NaI in drinking water had lower thyroid NIS mRNA and protein at both 1 and 6 days. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Sustained excess iodide reduced the thyroid uptake machinery in rats. organism: Rattus norvegicus tissue_or_cell_type: Thyroid experimental_model: Rat oral and intraperitoneal sodium iodide experiments limitations: Expression data support an escape mechanism but do not independently prove NIS reduction sufficient for escape. exposure: 0.05% sodium iodide in drinking water for 1 or 6 days. cross_nutrient: false evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/iodine-synthesis-sources/10433193.json", "json_field": "abstractText", "text_sha256": "edf82df926d65731111d3f6b8005965a95e9928421170aa4cb5cef0709adc924", "text_characters": 2339, "note": "Exact publisher passage retained in the cited local source cache; locator and digest supplied here."} [iodine-syn-escape1999] Escape from the acute Wolff-Chaikoff effect is associated with a decrease in thyroid sodium/iodide symporter messenger ribonucleic acid and protein. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10433193/ DOI: 10.1210/endo.140.8.6893
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. During continued 0.05% NaI exposure, rat serum T4 and T3 fell at day 1 but returned to normal by day 6.

    Sodium iodide → Rat serum thyroid hormones source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/iodine-synthesis-sources/10433193.json", "json_field": "abstractText", "text_sha256": "edf82df926d65731111d3f6b8005965a95e9928421170aa4cb5cef0709adc924", "text_characters": 2339, "note": "Exact publisher passage retained in the cited local source cache; locator and digest supplied here."}
    experimental_model
    Rat oral and intraperitoneal sodium iodide experiments
    exposure
    0.05% sodium iodide in drinking water for 1 or 6 days.
    limitations
    Rodent pharmacological exposure; recovery time and susceptibility cannot be imposed on humans.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Rattus norvegicus
    plain_language
    The initial hormone suppression wore off despite continued high iodide exposure.
    primary_references
    [iodine-syn-escape1999] Escape from the acute Wolff-Chaikoff effect is associated with a decrease in thyroid sodium/iodide symporter messenger ribonucleic acid and protein. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10433193/ DOI: 10.1210/endo.140.8.6893
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Serum

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 786–798

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rat oral and intraperitoneal sodium iodide experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iodine-syn-escape-hormone-recovery During continued 0.05% NaI exposure, rat serum T4 and T3 fell at day 1 but returned to normal by day 6. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The initial hormone suppression wore off despite continued high iodide exposure. organism: Rattus norvegicus tissue_or_cell_type: Serum experimental_model: Rat oral and intraperitoneal sodium iodide experiments limitations: Rodent pharmacological exposure; recovery time and susceptibility cannot be imposed on humans. exposure: 0.05% sodium iodide in drinking water for 1 or 6 days. cross_nutrient: false evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/iodine-synthesis-sources/10433193.json", "json_field": "abstractText", "text_sha256": "edf82df926d65731111d3f6b8005965a95e9928421170aa4cb5cef0709adc924", "text_characters": 2339, "note": "Exact publisher passage retained in the cited local source cache; locator and digest supplied here."} [iodine-syn-escape1999] Escape from the acute Wolff-Chaikoff effect is associated with a decrease in thyroid sodium/iodide symporter messenger ribonucleic acid and protein. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10433193/ DOI: 10.1210/endo.140.8.6893
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. The iodide-bound cryo-EM structure of engineered rat NIS contained density assigned to one iodide and two sodium ions in the substrate-binding cavity.

    Tagged rat NIS N225Q/N485Q/N497Q → Iodide ion source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    true
    experimental_model
    Purified tagged unglycosylated rat NIS expressed in human 293F cells; cryo-EM and functional comparison
    exposure
    Tagged N225Q/N485Q/N497Q rat NIS; iodide-bound structure at 3.12 Å.
    limitations
    Structural ion assignments and engineered construct support a binding mechanism; they do not alone measure physiological transport rates.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Rat protein produced in human 293F cells
    plain_language
    The NIS structure shows where iodide and its two sodium partners bind.
    primary_references
    [iodine-trans-nis-structure2022] Structural insights into the mechanism of the sodium/iodide symporter. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36517601/ DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05530-2
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Purified detergent-solubilized membrane protein

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 193–204

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified tagged unglycosylated rat NIS expressed in human 293F cells; cryo-EM and functional comparison · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iodine-trans-nis-bound-ions The iodide-bound cryo-EM structure of engineered rat NIS contained density assigned to one iodide and two sodium ions in the substrate-binding cavity. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The NIS structure shows where iodide and its two sodium partners bind. organism: Rat protein produced in human 293F cells tissue_or_cell_type: Purified detergent-solubilized membrane protein experimental_model: Purified tagged unglycosylated rat NIS expressed in human 293F cells; cryo-EM and functional comparison limitations: Structural ion assignments and engineered construct support a binding mechanism; they do not alone measure physiological transport rates. exposure: Tagged N225Q/N485Q/N497Q rat NIS; iodide-bound structure at 3.12 Å. cross_nutrient: true [iodine-trans-nis-structure2022] Structural insights into the mechanism of the sodium/iodide symporter. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36517601/ DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05530-2
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Thermodynamic fits to rat IEC-6 NIS transport data estimated an iodide Kd of 224 micromolar without sodium binding and 22.4 micromolar in the sodium-bound state.

    Sodium ion → NIS affinity for iodide source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    true
    experimental_model
    Endogenous rat NIS in IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cells; initial-rate transport and statistical thermodynamic fitting
    exposure
    Initial-rate iodide uptake at 5, 10, 20 or 60 micromolar iodide with 0–260 mM sodium; two-minute incubations; constant osmolarity.
    limitations
    Kd values depend on the authors’ transport model; the finding does not show that eating extra salt improves iodine status.
    nutrient_topic
    Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Iodine
    organism
    Rattus norvegicus
    plain_language
    Sodium binding makes NIS bind iodide more readily.
    primary_references
    [iodine-trans-sodium-affinity2014] Physiological sodium concentrations enhance the iodide affinity of the Na+/I- symporter. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24888603/ DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4948
    tissue_or_cell_type
    IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cells

    Iodine: thyroid hormone production, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 180–191

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Endogenous rat NIS in IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cells; initial-rate transport and statistical thermodynamic fitting · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### iodine-trans-sodium-affinity Thermodynamic fits to rat IEC-6 NIS transport data estimated an iodide Kd of 224 micromolar without sodium binding and 22.4 micromolar in the sodium-bound state. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Iodine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Sodium binding makes NIS bind iodide more readily. organism: Rattus norvegicus tissue_or_cell_type: IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cells experimental_model: Endogenous rat NIS in IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cells; initial-rate transport and statistical thermodynamic fitting limitations: Kd values depend on the authors’ transport model; the finding does not show that eating extra salt improves iodine status. exposure: Initial-rate iodide uptake at 5, 10, 20 or 60 micromolar iodide with 0–260 mM sodium; two-minute incubations; constant osmolarity. cross_nutrient: true [iodine-trans-sodium-affinity2014] Physiological sodium concentrations enhance the iodide affinity of the Na+/I- symporter. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24888603/ DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4948
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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