Component

High-density lipoprotein particles; preparation specified

High-density lipoprotein particles; preparation specified. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

5 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. Adding HDL reduced cellular lutein in the HEK293 assay despite preferential retention relative to beta-carotene.

    High-density lipoprotein particles; preparation specified → Lutein uptake by engineered human HEK293 cells source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/lutein-research/36863431.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "530dd42d442890be2e5cd11c18bf95c0bd850d8f67ad6682d12360dfc7f8aec0", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1551, "text_sha256": "530dd42d442890be2e5cd11c18bf95c0bd850d8f67ad6682d12360dfc7f8aec0"}
    experimental_model
    SR-BI expression, tunnel mutation, binding and lipoprotein-partner assays
    exposure
    Wild-type or C384Y SR-BI; HDL and hepatic lipase additions
    limitations
    Engineered-cell mechanisms, not a clinical HDL-raising recommendation; no selective direct binding to lutein demonstrated.
    nutrient_topic
    Lutein research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lutein
    organism
    Human HEK293 cell system
    plain_language
    More carrier did not simply mean more uptake in this assay.
    primary_references
    [lutein-p36863431] Mechanism for the selective uptake of macular carotenoids mediated by the HDL cholesterol receptor SR-BI. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36863431/ DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109429
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Engineered cells without endogenous SR-BI

    Lutein: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 697–708

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · SR-BI expression, tunnel mutation, binding and lipoprotein-partner assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### lutein-hdl-cell-context Adding HDL reduced cellular lutein in the HEK293 assay despite preferential retention relative to beta-carotene. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lutein research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: More carrier did not simply mean more uptake in this assay. organism: Human HEK293 cell system tissue_or_cell_type: Engineered cells without endogenous SR-BI experimental_model: SR-BI expression, tunnel mutation, binding and lipoprotein-partner assays limitations: Engineered-cell mechanisms, not a clinical HDL-raising recommendation; no selective direct binding to lutein demonstrated. exposure: Wild-type or C384Y SR-BI; HDL and hepatic lipase additions evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lutein-research/36863431.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "530dd42d442890be2e5cd11c18bf95c0bd850d8f67ad6682d12360dfc7f8aec0", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1551, "text_sha256": "530dd42d442890be2e5cd11c18bf95c0bd850d8f67ad6682d12360dfc7f8aec0"} [lutein-p36863431] Mechanism for the selective uptake of macular carotenoids mediated by the HDL cholesterol receptor SR-BI. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36863431/ DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109429
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. HDL most effectively delivered zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin; SR-BI inhibition suppressed zeaxanthin delivery.

    High-density lipoprotein particles; preparation specified → Dietary (3R,3-prime-R)-zeaxanthin source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/lutein-research/27538825.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1db014221931676349f15dc3c5138fba122417fb49fec5de481594c72b0596f3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1346, "text_sha256": "1db014221931676349f15dc3c5138fba122417fb49fec5de481594c72b0596f3"}
    experimental_model
    Carotenoid delivery using isolated human lipoproteins
    exposure
    Carotenoid-loaded LDL versus HDL
    limitations
    Cell delivery ranking is not identical to circulating carriage fractions or the WHAM-chicken phenotype.
    nutrient_topic
    Lutein research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lutein
    organism
    Human ARPE-19 cells
    plain_language
    The preferred delivery route differed between pigments.
    primary_references
    [lutein-p27538825] Mechanisms of selective delivery of xanthophylls to retinal pigment epithelial cells by human lipoproteins. (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27538825/ DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m070193
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Retinal pigment epithelial model

    Lutein: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 645–656

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Carotenoid delivery using isolated human lipoproteins · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### lutein-hdl-z-delivery HDL most effectively delivered zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin; SR-BI inhibition suppressed zeaxanthin delivery. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lutein research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The preferred delivery route differed between pigments. organism: Human ARPE-19 cells tissue_or_cell_type: Retinal pigment epithelial model experimental_model: Carotenoid delivery using isolated human lipoproteins limitations: Cell delivery ranking is not identical to circulating carriage fractions or the WHAM-chicken phenotype. exposure: Carotenoid-loaded LDL versus HDL evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lutein-research/27538825.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1db014221931676349f15dc3c5138fba122417fb49fec5de481594c72b0596f3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1346, "text_sha256": "1db014221931676349f15dc3c5138fba122417fb49fec5de481594c72b0596f3"} [lutein-p27538825] Mechanisms of selective delivery of xanthophylls to retinal pigment epithelial cells by human lipoproteins. (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27538825/ DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m070193
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. After the high-xanthophyll diet, HDL carried 52% of measured plasma lutein; LDL carried approximately 22%.

    High-density lipoprotein particles; preparation specified → Lutein source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/lutein-research/17344498.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "582744e7beef9ad8341bf862c9d344c1f188e6087676bcaa4c32679547fffe79", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1666, "text_sha256": "582744e7beef9ad8341bf862c9d344c1f188e6087676bcaa4c32679547fffe79"}
    experimental_model
    Controlled low- then high-xanthophyll diet
    exposure
    About 1.1 mg/day L+Z for two weeks then 11 mg/day for four weeks
    limitations
    Small dietary study; circulating distribution is not retinal delivery or an intervention to raise HDL cholesterol.
    nutrient_topic
    Lutein research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Lutein
    organism
    Seven AMD patients and five controls
    plain_language
    Lutein traveled in more than one lipoprotein class.
    primary_references
    [lutein-p17344498] Effect of dietary lutein and zeaxanthin on plasma carotenoids and their transport in lipoproteins in age-related macular degeneration. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17344498/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/85.3.762
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Plasma and separated lipoprotein fractions

    Lutein: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 619–630

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Controlled low- then high-xanthophyll diet · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### lutein-human-hdl-carriage After the high-xanthophyll diet, HDL carried 52% of measured plasma lutein; LDL carried approximately 22%. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Lutein research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Lutein traveled in more than one lipoprotein class. organism: Seven AMD patients and five controls tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma and separated lipoprotein fractions experimental_model: Controlled low- then high-xanthophyll diet limitations: Small dietary study; circulating distribution is not retinal delivery or an intervention to raise HDL cholesterol. exposure: About 1.1 mg/day L+Z for two weeks then 11 mg/day for four weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/lutein-research/17344498.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "582744e7beef9ad8341bf862c9d344c1f188e6087676bcaa4c32679547fffe79", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1666, "text_sha256": "582744e7beef9ad8341bf862c9d344c1f188e6087676bcaa4c32679547fffe79"} [lutein-p17344498] Effect of dietary lutein and zeaxanthin on plasma carotenoids and their transport in lipoproteins in age-related macular degeneration. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17344498/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/85.3.762
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. HDL increased zeaxanthin uptake mediated by the tested SRB proteins.

    High-density lipoprotein particles; preparation specified → Zeaxanthin uptake in SRB-transfected cells source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/zeaxanthin-research/28947101.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8899547af674d9bc7acc413d58c440726a1469ca705aa82bc5dafd5c89aadcc2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1330, "text_sha256": "8899547af674d9bc7acc413d58c440726a1469ca705aa82bc5dafd5c89aadcc2"}
    experimental_model
    SPR and transporter overexpression
    exposure
    SR-BI, SCARB2/LIMP-II and CD36; HDL or LDL carriers
    limitations
    The study used SCARB2/LIMP-II (methods reagent AF1966), not the similarly named SCARB1 splice variant SR-BII. Reagent identity: https://www.rndsystems.com/products/human-limpii-sr-b2-antibody_af1966 . Transporter overexpression is not an oral absorption trial.
    nutrient_topic
    Zeaxanthin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Dietary (3R,3-prime-R)-zeaxanthin
    organism
    Human proteins in HEK-293T cells and donor eye tissue
    plain_language
    The carrier and receptor worked together in this model.
    primary_references
    [zeaxanthin-p28947101] All three human scavenger receptor class B proteins can bind and transport all three macular xanthophyll carotenoids. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28947101/ DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.09.013
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Recombinant receptors and HEK-293T cells

    Zeaxanthin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 626–637

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · SPR and transporter overexpression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### zeaxanthin-hdl-delivery HDL increased zeaxanthin uptake mediated by the tested SRB proteins. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Zeaxanthin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The carrier and receptor worked together in this model. organism: Human proteins in HEK-293T cells and donor eye tissue tissue_or_cell_type: Recombinant receptors and HEK-293T cells experimental_model: SPR and transporter overexpression limitations: The study used SCARB2/LIMP-II (methods reagent AF1966), not the similarly named SCARB1 splice variant SR-BII. Reagent identity: https://www.rndsystems.com/products/human-limpii-sr-b2-antibody_af1966 . Transporter overexpression is not an oral absorption trial. exposure: SR-BI, SCARB2/LIMP-II and CD36; HDL or LDL carriers evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/zeaxanthin-research/28947101.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "8899547af674d9bc7acc413d58c440726a1469ca705aa82bc5dafd5c89aadcc2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1330, "text_sha256": "8899547af674d9bc7acc413d58c440726a1469ca705aa82bc5dafd5c89aadcc2"} [zeaxanthin-p28947101] All three human scavenger receptor class B proteins can bind and transport all three macular xanthophyll carotenoids. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28947101/ DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.09.013
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Astaxanthin appeared in chylomicron/VLDL-rich, LDL and HDL plasma fractions after the meal; transport was not confined to one lipoprotein class.

    Astaxanthin → Human chylomicron/VLDL-rich plasma fraction source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Same three-person single-dose study.
    limitations
    Distribution is not proof of delivery to a particular organ or entry across the human blood-brain barrier.
    nutrient_topic
    Astaxanthin collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Astaxanthin
    plain_language
    Several blood lipid carriers transported it.
    primary_references
    Plasma appearance and distribution of astaxanthin E/Z and R/S isomers in plasma lipoproteins of men after single dose administration of astaxanthin. · 2000 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11120445/ · DOI 10.1016/s0955-2863(00)00104-2

    Astaxanthin: transport, membrane chemistry, signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19) · lines 78–84

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Same three-person single-dose study. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## astaxanthin-lipoprotein-distribution Several blood lipid carriers transported it. Astaxanthin appeared in chylomicron/VLDL-rich, LDL and HDL plasma fractions after the meal; transport was not confined to one lipoprotein class. Model: Same three-person single-dose study. Limitations: Distribution is not proof of delivery to a particular organ or entry across the human blood-brain barrier. Evidence access: Primary abstract Plasma appearance and distribution of astaxanthin E/Z and R/S isomers in plasma lipoproteins of men after single dose administration of astaxanthin. · 2000 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11120445/ · DOI 10.1016/s0955-2863(00)00104-2
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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