Component

Asymmetric dimethylarginine / ADMA

Asymmetric dimethylarginine / ADMA. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

9 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. In-vitro and in-vivo experiments identified ADMA as an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthesis.

    Asymmetric dimethylarginine / ADMA → NOS-dependent nitric oxide production, model specified source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Experimental NO assays and human renal-failure observations.
    limitations
    The abstract does not isolate a single NOS isoform.
    nutrient_topic
    L-Arginine collection; tissue, species, dose and formulation distinctions retained. · L-Arginine
    plain_language
    An internal inhibitor can limit the pathway even when arginine is present.
    primary_references
    Accumulation of an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis in chronic renal failure. · 1992 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1347093/ · DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)90865-z

    L-Arginine: transport, metabolic branches, nutrient interactions, availability and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 94–100

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Experimental NO assays and human renal-failure observations. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## arg-adma-nos An internal inhibitor can limit the pathway even when arginine is present. In-vitro and in-vivo experiments identified ADMA as an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthesis. Model: Experimental NO assays and human renal-failure observations. Limitations: The abstract does not isolate a single NOS isoform. Evidence access: Primary abstract Accumulation of an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis in chronic renal failure. · 1992 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1347093/ · DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)90865-z
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. ADMA produced a competitive inhibition pattern for CAT1-mediated arginine uptake.

    Asymmetric dimethylarginine / ADMA → Human CAT1-mediated arginine uptake source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Full-text methods/results/discussion, Europe PMC PMC9217908.
    experimental_model
    HEK cells expressing human CAT1, compared with vector controls; radiolabeled substrate uptake.
    limitations
    Transport competition is distinct from direct NOS inhibition.
    nutrient_topic
    L-Arginine collection; tissue, species, dose and formulation distinctions retained. · L-Arginine
    plain_language
    An endogenous arginine derivative can compete at the entry step.
    primary_references
    Screening of commonly prescribed drugs for effects on the CAT1-mediated transport of L-arginine and arginine derivatives. · 2022 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35377022/ · DOI 10.1007/s00726-022-03156-2

    L-Arginine: transport, metabolic branches, nutrient interactions, availability and discovery questions (2026-09-18) · lines 30–36

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · HEK cells expressing human CAT1, compared with vector controls; radiolabeled substrate uptake. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## arg-adma-transport An endogenous arginine derivative can compete at the entry step. ADMA produced a competitive inhibition pattern for CAT1-mediated arginine uptake. Model: HEK cells expressing human CAT1, compared with vector controls; radiolabeled substrate uptake. Limitations: Transport competition is distinct from direct NOS inhibition. Evidence access: Full-text methods/results/discussion, Europe PMC PMC9217908. Screening of commonly prescribed drugs for effects on the CAT1-mediated transport of L-arginine and arginine derivatives. · 2022 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35377022/ · DOI 10.1007/s00726-022-03156-2
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. At 3 g twice daily, the arginine/ADMA ratio rose from 186 to 278.

    L-Citrulline → Plasma arginine-to-ADMA ratio source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/17662090.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "32e6ddf6d263120576f0f73c7fe3dd104904f3c0ba0a1c3f69cdca5751c4fa3b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1980, "text_sha256": "32e6ddf6d263120576f0f73c7fe3dd104904f3c0ba0a1c3f69cdca5751c4fa3b"}
    experimental_model
    Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study
    exposure
    Citrulline 0.75, 1.5 or 3 g twice daily versus arginine formulations; one-week periods
    limitations
    Small short trial; NO-related urine markers do not establish a clinically meaningful vascular benefit.
    nutrient_topic
    Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Citrulline
    organism
    Human, 20 healthy volunteers
    plain_language
    The substrate-to-inhibitor ratio changed; this does not mean ADMA itself was removed.
    primary_references
    [citrulline-p17662090] Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17662090/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02990.x
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Plasma amino acids, urine NO markers and brachial FMD

    Citrulline: arginine recycling, nitrogen disposal and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 879–890

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### citrulline-adma-ratio At 3 g twice daily, the arginine/ADMA ratio rose from 186 to 278. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The substrate-to-inhibitor ratio changed; this does not mean ADMA itself was removed. organism: Human, 20 healthy volunteers tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma amino acids, urine NO markers and brachial FMD experimental_model: Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study limitations: Small short trial; NO-related urine markers do not establish a clinically meaningful vascular benefit. exposure: Citrulline 0.75, 1.5 or 3 g twice daily versus arginine formulations; one-week periods evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/17662090.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "32e6ddf6d263120576f0f73c7fe3dd104904f3c0ba0a1c3f69cdca5751c4fa3b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1980, "text_sha256": "32e6ddf6d263120576f0f73c7fe3dd104904f3c0ba0a1c3f69cdca5751c4fa3b"} [citrulline-p17662090] Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17662090/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02990.x
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. No treatment improved FMD over baseline in the healthy-volunteer study.

    L-Citrulline → Brachial flow-mediated dilation source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/17662090.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "32e6ddf6d263120576f0f73c7fe3dd104904f3c0ba0a1c3f69cdca5751c4fa3b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1980, "text_sha256": "32e6ddf6d263120576f0f73c7fe3dd104904f3c0ba0a1c3f69cdca5751c4fa3b"}
    experimental_model
    Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study
    exposure
    Citrulline 0.75, 1.5 or 3 g twice daily versus arginine formulations; one-week periods
    limitations
    Small short trial; NO-related urine markers do not establish a clinically meaningful vascular benefit.
    nutrient_topic
    Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Citrulline
    organism
    Human, 20 healthy volunteers
    plain_language
    Better precursor exposure did not produce a detectable improvement in this vascular endpoint.
    primary_references
    [citrulline-p17662090] Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17662090/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02990.x
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Plasma amino acids, urine NO markers and brachial FMD

    Citrulline: arginine recycling, nitrogen disposal and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 918–929

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### citrulline-healthy-fmd-null No treatment improved FMD over baseline in the healthy-volunteer study. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Better precursor exposure did not produce a detectable improvement in this vascular endpoint. organism: Human, 20 healthy volunteers tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma amino acids, urine NO markers and brachial FMD experimental_model: Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study limitations: Small short trial; NO-related urine markers do not establish a clinically meaningful vascular benefit. exposure: Citrulline 0.75, 1.5 or 3 g twice daily versus arginine formulations; one-week periods evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/17662090.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "32e6ddf6d263120576f0f73c7fe3dd104904f3c0ba0a1c3f69cdca5751c4fa3b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1980, "text_sha256": "32e6ddf6d263120576f0f73c7fe3dd104904f3c0ba0a1c3f69cdca5751c4fa3b"} [citrulline-p17662090] Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17662090/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02990.x
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Oral citrulline increased plasma arginine AUC and peak concentration dose-dependently, more effectively than the tested oral arginine regimens.

    L-Citrulline → Circulating arginine concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/17662090.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "32e6ddf6d263120576f0f73c7fe3dd104904f3c0ba0a1c3f69cdca5751c4fa3b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1980, "text_sha256": "32e6ddf6d263120576f0f73c7fe3dd104904f3c0ba0a1c3f69cdca5751c4fa3b"}
    experimental_model
    Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study
    exposure
    Citrulline 0.75, 1.5 or 3 g twice daily versus arginine formulations; one-week periods
    limitations
    Small short trial; NO-related urine markers do not establish a clinically meaningful vascular benefit.
    nutrient_topic
    Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Citrulline
    organism
    Human, 20 healthy volunteers
    plain_language
    Taking the precursor can raise circulating arginine efficiently.
    primary_references
    [citrulline-p17662090] Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17662090/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02990.x
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Plasma amino acids, urine NO markers and brachial FMD

    Citrulline: arginine recycling, nitrogen disposal and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 866–877

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### citrulline-oral-arginine Oral citrulline increased plasma arginine AUC and peak concentration dose-dependently, more effectively than the tested oral arginine regimens. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Taking the precursor can raise circulating arginine efficiently. organism: Human, 20 healthy volunteers tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma amino acids, urine NO markers and brachial FMD experimental_model: Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study limitations: Small short trial; NO-related urine markers do not establish a clinically meaningful vascular benefit. exposure: Citrulline 0.75, 1.5 or 3 g twice daily versus arginine formulations; one-week periods evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/17662090.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "32e6ddf6d263120576f0f73c7fe3dd104904f3c0ba0a1c3f69cdca5751c4fa3b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1980, "text_sha256": "32e6ddf6d263120576f0f73c7fe3dd104904f3c0ba0a1c3f69cdca5751c4fa3b"} [citrulline-p17662090] Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17662090/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02990.x
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. Adding BH4 increased the reported walking-distance change to 28.15% only in the subgroup with baseline ADMA above 0.4 micromolar.

    L-Citrulline plus tetrahydrobiopterin, study-specific combination → Absolute claudication walking distance source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/39985883.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0007fe7b3fcc746e77c450f3aca50ca2834c78b84aa83977b3078ae05051ab9c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1888, "text_sha256": "0007fe7b3fcc746e77c450f3aca50ca2834c78b84aa83977b3078ae05051ab9c"}
    experimental_model
    Phase II double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial
    exposure
    3 g citrulline twice daily for 12 weeks; additional BH4 0.45 g/day for two weeks in one arm
    limitations
    Preliminary trial; subgroup-dependent BH4 result and study-specific ADMA cutoff require confirmation; not a general supplement prescription.
    nutrient_topic
    Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Citrulline
    organism
    Human, 51 peripheral-artery-disease patients
    plain_language
    The cofactor combination result depended on the measured starting state.
    primary_references
    [citrulline-p39985883] Nutritional L-Citrulline and Tetrahydrobiopterin in Peripheral Artery Disease: A Phase II Randomized Trial (CIPER Study). (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39985883/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101590
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Absolute claudication distance and plasma biomarkers

    Citrulline: arginine recycling, nitrogen disposal and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1217–1228

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Phase II double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### citrulline-pad-bh4-subgroup Adding BH4 increased the reported walking-distance change to 28.15% only in the subgroup with baseline ADMA above 0.4 micromolar. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The cofactor combination result depended on the measured starting state. organism: Human, 51 peripheral-artery-disease patients tissue_or_cell_type: Absolute claudication distance and plasma biomarkers experimental_model: Phase II double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial limitations: Preliminary trial; subgroup-dependent BH4 result and study-specific ADMA cutoff require confirmation; not a general supplement prescription. exposure: 3 g citrulline twice daily for 12 weeks; additional BH4 0.45 g/day for two weeks in one arm evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/39985883.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0007fe7b3fcc746e77c450f3aca50ca2834c78b84aa83977b3078ae05051ab9c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1888, "text_sha256": "0007fe7b3fcc746e77c450f3aca50ca2834c78b84aa83977b3078ae05051ab9c"} [citrulline-p39985883] Nutritional L-Citrulline and Tetrahydrobiopterin in Peripheral Artery Disease: A Phase II Randomized Trial (CIPER Study). (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39985883/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101590
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. Walking-distance change was 20.11% with citrulline versus 5.73% with placebo, P=0.011.

    L-Citrulline → Absolute claudication walking distance source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/39985883.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0007fe7b3fcc746e77c450f3aca50ca2834c78b84aa83977b3078ae05051ab9c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1888, "text_sha256": "0007fe7b3fcc746e77c450f3aca50ca2834c78b84aa83977b3078ae05051ab9c"}
    experimental_model
    Phase II double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial
    exposure
    3 g citrulline twice daily for 12 weeks; additional BH4 0.45 g/day for two weeks in one arm
    limitations
    Preliminary trial; subgroup-dependent BH4 result and study-specific ADMA cutoff require confirmation; not a general supplement prescription.
    nutrient_topic
    Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Citrulline
    organism
    Human, 51 peripheral-artery-disease patients
    plain_language
    A patient-relevant walking endpoint improved in this preliminary PAD trial.
    primary_references
    [citrulline-p39985883] Nutritional L-Citrulline and Tetrahydrobiopterin in Peripheral Artery Disease: A Phase II Randomized Trial (CIPER Study). (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39985883/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101590
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Absolute claudication distance and plasma biomarkers

    Citrulline: arginine recycling, nitrogen disposal and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1204–1215

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Phase II double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### citrulline-pad-walking Walking-distance change was 20.11% with citrulline versus 5.73% with placebo, P=0.011. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A patient-relevant walking endpoint improved in this preliminary PAD trial. organism: Human, 51 peripheral-artery-disease patients tissue_or_cell_type: Absolute claudication distance and plasma biomarkers experimental_model: Phase II double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial limitations: Preliminary trial; subgroup-dependent BH4 result and study-specific ADMA cutoff require confirmation; not a general supplement prescription. exposure: 3 g citrulline twice daily for 12 weeks; additional BH4 0.45 g/day for two weeks in one arm evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/39985883.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0007fe7b3fcc746e77c450f3aca50ca2834c78b84aa83977b3078ae05051ab9c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1888, "text_sha256": "0007fe7b3fcc746e77c450f3aca50ca2834c78b84aa83977b3078ae05051ab9c"} [citrulline-p39985883] Nutritional L-Citrulline and Tetrahydrobiopterin in Peripheral Artery Disease: A Phase II Randomized Trial (CIPER Study). (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39985883/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101590
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. The highest citrulline regimen increased urinary cGMP from 38 to 50 nmol/mmol creatinine.

    L-Citrulline → Urinary cyclic GMP excretion source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/17662090.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "32e6ddf6d263120576f0f73c7fe3dd104904f3c0ba0a1c3f69cdca5751c4fa3b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1980, "text_sha256": "32e6ddf6d263120576f0f73c7fe3dd104904f3c0ba0a1c3f69cdca5751c4fa3b"}
    experimental_model
    Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study
    exposure
    Citrulline 0.75, 1.5 or 3 g twice daily versus arginine formulations; one-week periods
    limitations
    Small short trial; NO-related urine markers do not establish a clinically meaningful vascular benefit.
    nutrient_topic
    Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Citrulline
    organism
    Human, 20 healthy volunteers
    plain_language
    A downstream signaling marker increased.
    primary_references
    [citrulline-p17662090] Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17662090/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02990.x
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Plasma amino acids, urine NO markers and brachial FMD

    Citrulline: arginine recycling, nitrogen disposal and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 892–903

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### citrulline-urine-cgmp The highest citrulline regimen increased urinary cGMP from 38 to 50 nmol/mmol creatinine. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A downstream signaling marker increased. organism: Human, 20 healthy volunteers tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma amino acids, urine NO markers and brachial FMD experimental_model: Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study limitations: Small short trial; NO-related urine markers do not establish a clinically meaningful vascular benefit. exposure: Citrulline 0.75, 1.5 or 3 g twice daily versus arginine formulations; one-week periods evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/17662090.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "32e6ddf6d263120576f0f73c7fe3dd104904f3c0ba0a1c3f69cdca5751c4fa3b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1980, "text_sha256": "32e6ddf6d263120576f0f73c7fe3dd104904f3c0ba0a1c3f69cdca5751c4fa3b"} [citrulline-p17662090] Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17662090/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02990.x
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  7. The highest regimen increased urinary nitrate from 92 to 125 micromol/mmol creatinine.

    L-Citrulline → Urinary nitrate excretion source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/17662090.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "32e6ddf6d263120576f0f73c7fe3dd104904f3c0ba0a1c3f69cdca5751c4fa3b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1980, "text_sha256": "32e6ddf6d263120576f0f73c7fe3dd104904f3c0ba0a1c3f69cdca5751c4fa3b"}
    experimental_model
    Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study
    exposure
    Citrulline 0.75, 1.5 or 3 g twice daily versus arginine formulations; one-week periods
    limitations
    Small short trial; NO-related urine markers do not establish a clinically meaningful vascular benefit.
    nutrient_topic
    Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Citrulline
    organism
    Human, 20 healthy volunteers
    plain_language
    Another NO-related marker changed.
    primary_references
    [citrulline-p17662090] Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17662090/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02990.x
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Plasma amino acids, urine NO markers and brachial FMD

    Citrulline: arginine recycling, nitrogen disposal and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 905–916

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### citrulline-urine-nitrate The highest regimen increased urinary nitrate from 92 to 125 micromol/mmol creatinine. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Another NO-related marker changed. organism: Human, 20 healthy volunteers tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma amino acids, urine NO markers and brachial FMD experimental_model: Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study limitations: Small short trial; NO-related urine markers do not establish a clinically meaningful vascular benefit. exposure: Citrulline 0.75, 1.5 or 3 g twice daily versus arginine formulations; one-week periods evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/17662090.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "32e6ddf6d263120576f0f73c7fe3dd104904f3c0ba0a1c3f69cdca5751c4fa3b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1980, "text_sha256": "32e6ddf6d263120576f0f73c7fe3dd104904f3c0ba0a1c3f69cdca5751c4fa3b"} [citrulline-p17662090] Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17662090/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02990.x
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards