Component

Acarbose

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; drug dose and carbohydrate substrate are specified in each study.

6 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. Acarbose pretreatment prevented the 120-minute ApoB-48 increase after the sucrose-containing mixed meal.

    Acarbose → Human postprandial circulating apolipoprotein B-48 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Meal with 50 g added sucrose in 200 mL; with or without 100 mg acarbose before meal
    duration
    GLP-1 through 60 minutes; ApoB-48 at 120 minutes
    evidence_access
    Primary full-text methods/results and metadata inspected.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; source-specific curation
    experimental_model
    Healthy Japanese men; 21 total, 12 in acarbose comparison
    exposure_scope
    Sucrose-containing mixed meal, drug and peptide response
    limitations
    Mixed meal includes starch, protein and fat. Association does not prove intact sucrose sensing by human L cells or GLP-1 mediation of ApoB-48; proposed paracrine mechanism remains a hypothesis.
    nutrient_topic
    Sucrose chapter; direct sucrose observations are distinguished from shared component metabolism. · Sucrose
    organism
    Healthy Japanese men; 21 total, 12 in acarbose comparison
    plain_language
    Acarbose pretreatment prevented the 120-minute ApoB-48 increase after the sucrose-containing mixed meal.
    primary_references
    Glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion by direct stimulation of L cells with luminal sugar vs non-nutritive sweetener. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24843559/ DOI: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2011.00163.x
    route
    Oral mixed meal and drug
    tissue
    Plasma active GLP-1 and ApoB-48 after mixed meal

    Sucrose: mechanism of action and metabolic impact (2026-09-20) · lines 283–293

    Original AI-assisted source-specific sucrose curation with shared canonical claims retained by identity. Primary-study citations, negative findings, exposure details and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · Healthy Japanese men; 21 total, 12 in acarbose comparison · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## sucrose-acarbose-apob48 Acarbose pretreatment prevented the 120-minute ApoB-48 increase after the sucrose-containing mixed meal. Model/species: Healthy Japanese men; 21 total, 12 in acarbose comparison Tissue: Plasma active GLP-1 and ApoB-48 after mixed meal Exposure: Meal with 50 g added sucrose in 200 mL; with or without 100 mg acarbose before meal Route: Oral mixed meal and drug Duration: GLP-1 through 60 minutes; ApoB-48 at 120 minutes Exposure scope: Sucrose-containing mixed meal, drug and peptide response Limits: Mixed meal includes starch, protein and fat. Association does not prove intact sucrose sensing by human L cells or GLP-1 mediation of ApoB-48; proposed paracrine mechanism remains a hypothesis. Reference: Glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion by direct stimulation of L cells with luminal sugar vs non-nutritive sweetener. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24843559/ DOI: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2011.00163.x Access: Primary full-text methods/results and metadata inspected.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Acarbose pretreatment prolonged active GLP-1 elevation to 60 minutes after the sucrose-containing mixed meal.

    Acarbose → Plasma GLP-1 response in the specified meal or glucose challenge source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Meal with 50 g added sucrose in 200 mL; with or without 100 mg acarbose before meal
    duration
    GLP-1 through 60 minutes; ApoB-48 at 120 minutes
    evidence_access
    Primary full-text methods/results and metadata inspected.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; source-specific curation
    experimental_model
    Healthy Japanese men; 21 total, 12 in acarbose comparison
    exposure_scope
    Sucrose-containing mixed meal, drug and peptide response
    limitations
    Mixed meal includes starch, protein and fat. Association does not prove intact sucrose sensing by human L cells or GLP-1 mediation of ApoB-48; proposed paracrine mechanism remains a hypothesis.
    nutrient_topic
    Sucrose chapter; direct sucrose observations are distinguished from shared component metabolism. · Sucrose
    organism
    Healthy Japanese men; 21 total, 12 in acarbose comparison
    plain_language
    Acarbose pretreatment prolonged active GLP-1 elevation to 60 minutes after the sucrose-containing mixed meal.
    primary_references
    Glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion by direct stimulation of L cells with luminal sugar vs non-nutritive sweetener. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24843559/ DOI: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2011.00163.x
    route
    Oral mixed meal and drug
    tissue
    Plasma active GLP-1 and ApoB-48 after mixed meal

    Sucrose: mechanism of action and metabolic impact (2026-09-20) · lines 271–281

    Original AI-assisted source-specific sucrose curation with shared canonical claims retained by identity. Primary-study citations, negative findings, exposure details and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · Healthy Japanese men; 21 total, 12 in acarbose comparison · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## sucrose-acarbose-glp1 Acarbose pretreatment prolonged active GLP-1 elevation to 60 minutes after the sucrose-containing mixed meal. Model/species: Healthy Japanese men; 21 total, 12 in acarbose comparison Tissue: Plasma active GLP-1 and ApoB-48 after mixed meal Exposure: Meal with 50 g added sucrose in 200 mL; with or without 100 mg acarbose before meal Route: Oral mixed meal and drug Duration: GLP-1 through 60 minutes; ApoB-48 at 120 minutes Exposure scope: Sucrose-containing mixed meal, drug and peptide response Limits: Mixed meal includes starch, protein and fat. Association does not prove intact sucrose sensing by human L cells or GLP-1 mediation of ApoB-48; proposed paracrine mechanism remains a hypothesis. Reference: Glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion by direct stimulation of L cells with luminal sugar vs non-nutritive sweetener. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24843559/ DOI: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2011.00163.x Access: Primary full-text methods/results and metadata inspected.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Acarbose 200 mg had no detected effect on the blood-glucose response to a glucose-only load.

    Acarbose → Human blood glucose response to glucose challenge source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    50 g carbohydrate load; 200 or 50 mg acarbose
    duration
    Acute tolerance tests; exact sampling duration unrecovered
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract/metadata; unrecovered methods explicitly retained.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; source-specific curation
    experimental_model
    Healthy human volunteers; sample size unavailable in accessed abstract
    exposure_scope
    Drug and nutrient interaction
    limitations
    Acarbose inhibits carbohydrate hydrolysis. The glucose-only comparison does not support direct blockade of glucose transport. Experimental doses are not a dosing recommendation.
    nutrient_topic
    Sucrose chapter; direct sucrose observations are distinguished from shared component metabolism. · Sucrose
    organism
    Healthy human volunteers; sample size unavailable in accessed abstract
    plain_language
    Acarbose 200 mg had no detected effect on the blood-glucose response to a glucose-only load.
    primary_references
    Scope and specificity of acarbose in slowing carbohydrate absorption in man. (1981). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7028548/ DOI: 10.2337/diab.30.11.951
    route
    Oral carbohydrate and drug
    tissue
    Carbohydrate tolerance and breath hydrogen

    Sucrose: mechanism of action and metabolic impact (2026-09-20) · lines 223–233

    Original AI-assisted source-specific sucrose curation with shared canonical claims retained by identity. Primary-study citations, negative findings, exposure details and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · Healthy human volunteers; sample size unavailable in accessed abstract · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## sucrose-acarbose-glucose-null Acarbose 200 mg had no detected effect on the blood-glucose response to a glucose-only load. Model/species: Healthy human volunteers; sample size unavailable in accessed abstract Tissue: Carbohydrate tolerance and breath hydrogen Exposure: 50 g carbohydrate load; 200 or 50 mg acarbose Route: Oral carbohydrate and drug Duration: Acute tolerance tests; exact sampling duration unrecovered Exposure scope: Drug and nutrient interaction Limits: Acarbose inhibits carbohydrate hydrolysis. The glucose-only comparison does not support direct blockade of glucose transport. Experimental doses are not a dosing recommendation. Reference: Scope and specificity of acarbose in slowing carbohydrate absorption in man. (1981). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7028548/ DOI: 10.2337/diab.30.11.951 Access: Primary abstract/metadata; unrecovered methods explicitly retained.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. Acarbose 200 mg reduced blood-glucose response area by 89% after a 50 g sucrose load in healthy volunteers.

    Acarbose → Human blood glucose response to sucrose challenge source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    dose
    50 g carbohydrate load; 200 or 50 mg acarbose
    duration
    Acute tolerance tests; exact sampling duration unrecovered
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract/metadata; unrecovered methods explicitly retained.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; source-specific curation
    experimental_model
    Healthy human volunteers; sample size unavailable in accessed abstract
    exposure_scope
    Drug and nutrient interaction
    limitations
    Acarbose inhibits carbohydrate hydrolysis. The glucose-only comparison does not support direct blockade of glucose transport. Experimental doses are not a dosing recommendation.
    nutrient_topic
    Sucrose chapter; direct sucrose observations are distinguished from shared component metabolism. · Sucrose
    organism
    Healthy human volunteers; sample size unavailable in accessed abstract
    plain_language
    Acarbose 200 mg reduced blood-glucose response area by 89% after a 50 g sucrose load in healthy volunteers.
    primary_references
    Scope and specificity of acarbose in slowing carbohydrate absorption in man. (1981). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7028548/ DOI: 10.2337/diab.30.11.951
    route
    Oral carbohydrate and drug
    tissue
    Carbohydrate tolerance and breath hydrogen
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Sucrose: mechanism of action and metabolic impact (2026-09-20) · lines 199–209

    Original AI-assisted source-specific sucrose curation with shared canonical claims retained by identity. Primary-study citations, negative findings, exposure details and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · Healthy human volunteers; sample size unavailable in accessed abstract · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## sucrose-acarbose-glycemia Acarbose 200 mg reduced blood-glucose response area by 89% after a 50 g sucrose load in healthy volunteers. Model/species: Healthy human volunteers; sample size unavailable in accessed abstract Tissue: Carbohydrate tolerance and breath hydrogen Exposure: 50 g carbohydrate load; 200 or 50 mg acarbose Route: Oral carbohydrate and drug Duration: Acute tolerance tests; exact sampling duration unrecovered Exposure scope: Drug and nutrient interaction Limits: Acarbose inhibits carbohydrate hydrolysis. The glucose-only comparison does not support direct blockade of glucose transport. Experimental doses are not a dosing recommendation. Reference: Scope and specificity of acarbose in slowing carbohydrate absorption in man. (1981). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7028548/ DOI: 10.2337/diab.30.11.951 Access: Primary abstract/metadata; unrecovered methods explicitly retained.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. Breath hydrogen after 200 mg acarbose with 50 g sucrose indicated nearly complete sucrose malabsorption in the tolerance study.

    Acarbose → Human sucrose malabsorption assessed by breath hydrogen source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    dose
    50 g carbohydrate load; 200 or 50 mg acarbose
    duration
    Acute tolerance tests; exact sampling duration unrecovered
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract/metadata; unrecovered methods explicitly retained.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; source-specific curation
    experimental_model
    Healthy human volunteers; sample size unavailable in accessed abstract
    exposure_scope
    Drug and nutrient interaction
    limitations
    Acarbose inhibits carbohydrate hydrolysis. The glucose-only comparison does not support direct blockade of glucose transport. Experimental doses are not a dosing recommendation.
    nutrient_topic
    Sucrose chapter; direct sucrose observations are distinguished from shared component metabolism. · Sucrose
    organism
    Healthy human volunteers; sample size unavailable in accessed abstract
    plain_language
    Breath hydrogen after 200 mg acarbose with 50 g sucrose indicated nearly complete sucrose malabsorption in the tolerance study.
    primary_references
    Scope and specificity of acarbose in slowing carbohydrate absorption in man. (1981). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7028548/ DOI: 10.2337/diab.30.11.951
    route
    Oral carbohydrate and drug
    tissue
    Carbohydrate tolerance and breath hydrogen
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Sucrose: mechanism of action and metabolic impact (2026-09-20) · lines 211–221

    Original AI-assisted source-specific sucrose curation with shared canonical claims retained by identity. Primary-study citations, negative findings, exposure details and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · Healthy human volunteers; sample size unavailable in accessed abstract · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## sucrose-acarbose-hydrogen Breath hydrogen after 200 mg acarbose with 50 g sucrose indicated nearly complete sucrose malabsorption in the tolerance study. Model/species: Healthy human volunteers; sample size unavailable in accessed abstract Tissue: Carbohydrate tolerance and breath hydrogen Exposure: 50 g carbohydrate load; 200 or 50 mg acarbose Route: Oral carbohydrate and drug Duration: Acute tolerance tests; exact sampling duration unrecovered Exposure scope: Drug and nutrient interaction Limits: Acarbose inhibits carbohydrate hydrolysis. The glucose-only comparison does not support direct blockade of glucose transport. Experimental doses are not a dosing recommendation. Reference: Scope and specificity of acarbose in slowing carbohydrate absorption in man. (1981). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7028548/ DOI: 10.2337/diab.30.11.951 Access: Primary abstract/metadata; unrecovered methods explicitly retained.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  6. Acarbose 50 mg still reduced the blood-glucose response to sucrose, without a significant breath-hydrogen increase.

    Acarbose → Human blood glucose response to sucrose challenge source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    dose
    50 g carbohydrate load; 200 or 50 mg acarbose
    duration
    Acute tolerance tests; exact sampling duration unrecovered
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract/metadata; unrecovered methods explicitly retained.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; source-specific curation
    experimental_model
    Healthy human volunteers; sample size unavailable in accessed abstract
    exposure_scope
    Drug and nutrient interaction
    limitations
    Acarbose inhibits carbohydrate hydrolysis. The glucose-only comparison does not support direct blockade of glucose transport. Experimental doses are not a dosing recommendation.
    nutrient_topic
    Sucrose chapter; direct sucrose observations are distinguished from shared component metabolism. · Sucrose
    organism
    Healthy human volunteers; sample size unavailable in accessed abstract
    plain_language
    Acarbose 50 mg still reduced the blood-glucose response to sucrose, without a significant breath-hydrogen increase.
    primary_references
    Scope and specificity of acarbose in slowing carbohydrate absorption in man. (1981). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7028548/ DOI: 10.2337/diab.30.11.951
    route
    Oral carbohydrate and drug
    tissue
    Carbohydrate tolerance and breath hydrogen
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Sucrose: mechanism of action and metabolic impact (2026-09-20) · lines 235–245

    Original AI-assisted source-specific sucrose curation with shared canonical claims retained by identity. Primary-study citations, negative findings, exposure details and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · Healthy human volunteers; sample size unavailable in accessed abstract · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## sucrose-acarbose-low-dose Acarbose 50 mg still reduced the blood-glucose response to sucrose, without a significant breath-hydrogen increase. Model/species: Healthy human volunteers; sample size unavailable in accessed abstract Tissue: Carbohydrate tolerance and breath hydrogen Exposure: 50 g carbohydrate load; 200 or 50 mg acarbose Route: Oral carbohydrate and drug Duration: Acute tolerance tests; exact sampling duration unrecovered Exposure scope: Drug and nutrient interaction Limits: Acarbose inhibits carbohydrate hydrolysis. The glucose-only comparison does not support direct blockade of glucose transport. Experimental doses are not a dosing recommendation. Reference: Scope and specificity of acarbose in slowing carbohydrate absorption in man. (1981). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7028548/ DOI: 10.2337/diab.30.11.951 Access: Primary abstract/metadata; unrecovered methods explicitly retained.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards