Component

Rat AMP-activated protein kinase complex

Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.

4 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. Acute alanine treatment increased AMPK and downstream ACC phosphorylation in rat H4IIE liver cells over the tested 0.25–10 mM range.

    L-Alanine → Rat AMP-activated protein kinase complex source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text
    experimental_model
    Rat H4IIE cells; acute millimolar alanine exposure.
    limitations
    Phosphorylation in culture is not proof of clinical benefit or a universal response to dietary alanine.
    nutrient_topic
    L-Alanine collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · L-Alanine
    plain_language
    Alanine metabolism can generate an energy-stress signal in this experimental setting.
    primary_references
    l-Alanine activates hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase and modulates systemic glucose metabolism. · 2018 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30190193/ · DOI 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.08.002

    L-Alanine: carbon, nitrogen, protein synthesis and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 248–254

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rat H4IIE cells; acute millimolar alanine exposure. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## alanine-ampk-acute Alanine metabolism can generate an energy-stress signal in this experimental setting. Acute alanine treatment increased AMPK and downstream ACC phosphorylation in rat H4IIE liver cells over the tested 0.25–10 mM range. Model: Rat H4IIE cells; acute millimolar alanine exposure. Limitations: Phosphorylation in culture is not proof of clinical benefit or a universal response to dietary alanine. Evidence access: Primary full text l-Alanine activates hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase and modulates systemic glucose metabolism. · 2018 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30190193/ · DOI 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.08.002
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. ALT1 siRNA reduced rat H4IIE ALT protein by about 77% and reduced alanine-stimulated AMPK activation by about 49%.

    Rat cytosolic alanine aminotransferase / Gpt → Rat AMP-activated protein kinase complex source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_access
    Primary full text
    experimental_model
    Rat H4IIE cells; siRNA knockdown with alanine challenge.
    limitations
    Partial knockdown and partial attenuation do not prove ALT1 is the only contributing pathway.
    nutrient_topic
    L-Alanine collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · L-Alanine
    plain_language
    The response partly depended on processing alanine, rather than simply sensing it outside the cell.
    primary_references
    l-Alanine activates hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase and modulates systemic glucose metabolism. · 2018 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30190193/ · DOI 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.08.002
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    L-Alanine: carbon, nitrogen, protein synthesis and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 256–262

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rat H4IIE cells; siRNA knockdown with alanine challenge. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## alanine-ampk-alt1-dependence The response partly depended on processing alanine, rather than simply sensing it outside the cell. ALT1 siRNA reduced rat H4IIE ALT protein by about 77% and reduced alanine-stimulated AMPK activation by about 49%. Model: Rat H4IIE cells; siRNA knockdown with alanine challenge. Limitations: Partial knockdown and partial attenuation do not prove ALT1 is the only contributing pathway. Evidence access: Primary full text l-Alanine activates hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase and modulates systemic glucose metabolism. · 2018 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30190193/ · DOI 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.08.002
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Ammonium chloride exposure reproduced increases in AMP/ATP and AMPK/ACC phosphorylation, and pyruvate attenuated these responses.

    Ammonium chloride → Rat AMP-activated protein kinase complex source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text
    experimental_model
    Rat H4IIE experiments; 2–5 mM ammonium chloride comparison.
    limitations
    Mimicry is not proof that ammonia is the sole mediator of alanine effects or that urea-cycle ATP use accounts for them.
    nutrient_topic
    L-Alanine collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · L-Alanine
    plain_language
    A nitrogen-handling byproduct may contribute to the energy signal.
    primary_references
    l-Alanine activates hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase and modulates systemic glucose metabolism. · 2018 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30190193/ · DOI 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.08.002

    L-Alanine: carbon, nitrogen, protein synthesis and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 280–286

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rat H4IIE experiments; 2–5 mM ammonium chloride comparison. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## alanine-ampk-ammonia A nitrogen-handling byproduct may contribute to the energy signal. Ammonium chloride exposure reproduced increases in AMP/ATP and AMPK/ACC phosphorylation, and pyruvate attenuated these responses. Model: Rat H4IIE experiments; 2–5 mM ammonium chloride comparison. Limitations: Mimicry is not proof that ammonia is the sole mediator of alanine effects or that urea-cycle ATP use accounts for them. Evidence access: Primary full text l-Alanine activates hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase and modulates systemic glucose metabolism. · 2018 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30190193/ · DOI 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.08.002
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. Pyruvate or TCA-intermediate supplementation restored ATP and attenuated alanine-induced AMPK phosphorylation in the tested liver-cell experiments.

    Pyruvate → Rat AMP-activated protein kinase complex source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text
    experimental_model
    Rat H4IIE nutrient-addition experiments.
    limitations
    A biochemical rescue does not establish a supplement combination for humans.
    nutrient_topic
    L-Alanine collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · L-Alanine
    plain_language
    Providing usable carbon changed the signaling response to alanine.
    primary_references
    l-Alanine activates hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase and modulates systemic glucose metabolism. · 2018 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30190193/ · DOI 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.08.002

    L-Alanine: carbon, nitrogen, protein synthesis and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 272–278

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rat H4IIE nutrient-addition experiments. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## alanine-ampk-carbon-rescue Providing usable carbon changed the signaling response to alanine. Pyruvate or TCA-intermediate supplementation restored ATP and attenuated alanine-induced AMPK phosphorylation in the tested liver-cell experiments. Model: Rat H4IIE nutrient-addition experiments. Limitations: A biochemical rescue does not establish a supplement combination for humans. Evidence access: Primary full text l-Alanine activates hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase and modulates systemic glucose metabolism. · 2018 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30190193/ · DOI 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.08.002
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards