{"id":"30da9b2a-8f18-5712-97c7-c5a52edadec6","stable_key":"10aa417f-4b03-599f-a453-4aa09edeb27c:alanine-ampk-ammonia","predicate":"mimics_alanine_energy_signal","statement":"Ammonium chloride exposure reproduced increases in AMP/ATP and AMPK/ACC phosphorylation, and pyruvate attenuated these responses.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"7567dfe8-a9fd-54d0-a2ef-23d93c789a6f","mechanism_event_label":"A nitrogen-handling byproduct may contribute to the energy signal.","subject":{"id":"b2bebe35-4b82-5dc4-930f-ecac46a888a4","slug":"ammonium-chloride","display_name":"Ammonium chloride","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"2f112afe-1ecd-54a0-a90d-a8c6ac5cecb6","slug":"rat-ampk-complex","display_name":"Rat AMP-activated protein kinase complex","entity_type_key":"protein_complex"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"7567dfe8-a9fd-54d0-a2ef-23d93c789a6f","stable_key":"10aa417f-4b03-599f-a453-4aa09edeb27c:alanine-ampk-ammonia-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"A nitrogen-handling byproduct may contribute to the energy signal.","description":"Ammonium chloride exposure reproduced increases in AMP/ATP and AMPK/ACC phosphorylation, and pyruvate attenuated these responses.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"b2bebe35-4b82-5dc4-930f-ecac46a888a4","slug":"ammonium-chloride","display_name":"Ammonium chloride","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"2f112afe-1ecd-54a0-a90d-a8c6ac5cecb6","slug":"rat-ampk-complex","display_name":"Rat AMP-activated protein kinase complex","entity_type_key":"protein_complex"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"ebdc4461-c059-563e-88b0-422c21fdaa25","slug":"alanine","display_name":"L-Alanine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"91e6d4f5-fba1-542d-b68a-57cc28e1e425","slug":"pyruvate","display_name":"Pyruvate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"d47321ac-44bb-5a88-afdb-6435b57a91b9","slug":"amp","display_name":"AMP","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":4,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"58b974f1-d389-5bf6-81cd-889c44442c42","slug":"atp","display_name":"ATP","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":5,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Rat H4IIE experiments; 2–5 mM ammonium chloride comparison.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Mimicry is not proof that ammonia is the sole mediator of alanine effects or that urea-cycle ATP use accounts for them.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"L-Alanine collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"alanine","display_name":"L-Alanine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"A nitrogen-handling byproduct may contribute to the energy signal.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"l-Alanine activates hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase and modulates systemic glucose metabolism. · 2018 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30190193/ · DOI 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.08.002","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"8299f8fb-b5cb-5048-8cc4-aa291e61d7ba","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 280-286","start_line":280,"end_line":286,"excerpt":"## alanine-ampk-ammonia\nA nitrogen-handling byproduct may contribute to the energy signal.\nAmmonium chloride exposure reproduced increases in AMP/ATP and AMPK/ACC phosphorylation, and pyruvate attenuated these responses.\nModel: Rat H4IIE experiments; 2–5 mM ammonium chloride comparison.\nLimitations: Mimicry is not proof that ammonia is the sole mediator of alanine effects or that urea-cycle ATP use accounts for them.\nEvidence access: Primary full text\nl-Alanine activates hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase and modulates systemic glucose metabolism. · 2018 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30190193/ · DOI 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.08.002","model_system":"Rat H4IIE experiments; 2–5 mM ammonium chloride comparison.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"01c5554c-a8ba-5c86-9b01-a0fa1a886cdb","stable_key":"import-10aa417f-4b03-599f-a453-4aa09edeb27c","title":"L-Alanine: carbon, nitrogen, protein synthesis and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. 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