Component

Erythrocyte copper/zinc superoxide dismutase activity

Erythrocyte copper/zinc superoxide dismutase activity; read each linked claim for the measured context and model.

4 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. Erythrocyte SOD activity was lower on average during low intake, but did not show a significant time trend across depletion.

    Copper → Erythrocyte copper/zinc superoxide dismutase activity source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/copper-research/8988916.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0be30b28f91bce964b969517de4b15eb3ba5905a6f5f1f0a9dc4afa29e9d101b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1349, "text_sha256": "0be30b28f91bce964b969517de4b15eb3ba5905a6f5f1f0a9dc4afa29e9d101b"}
    experimental_model
    Metabolic-ward depletion and repletion study
    exposure
    Eleven men: 0.66 mg copper/day for 24 days, 0.38 for 42 days, then 2.49 for 24 days
    limitations
    Small controlled feeding study; regimen-specific changes are not universal diagnostic thresholds or modern intake recommendations.
    nutrient_topic
    Copper research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Copper
    organism
    Human young men
    plain_language
    Not every copper-related marker responded with the same sensitivity.
    primary_references
    [copper-p8988916] Copper status of young men consuming a low-copper diet. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8988916/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/65.1.72
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Plasma, urine and erythrocytes
    trigger_kind
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Copper: transport, cuproenzymes, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1352–1363

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Metabolic-ward depletion and repletion study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### copper-human-lowcu-sod-boundary Erythrocyte SOD activity was lower on average during low intake, but did not show a significant time trend across depletion. Condition category: biomarker_context nutrient_topic: Copper research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Not every copper-related marker responded with the same sensitivity. organism: Human young men tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma, urine and erythrocytes experimental_model: Metabolic-ward depletion and repletion study limitations: Small controlled feeding study; regimen-specific changes are not universal diagnostic thresholds or modern intake recommendations. exposure: Eleven men: 0.66 mg copper/day for 24 days, 0.38 for 42 days, then 2.49 for 24 days evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/copper-research/8988916.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0be30b28f91bce964b969517de4b15eb3ba5905a6f5f1f0a9dc4afa29e9d101b", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1349, "text_sha256": "0be30b28f91bce964b969517de4b15eb3ba5905a6f5f1f0a9dc4afa29e9d101b"} [copper-p8988916] Copper status of young men consuming a low-copper diet. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8988916/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/65.1.72
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Adding iron to the zinc intervention prevented adverse iron-status changes but did not prevent the fall in erythrocyte Cu/Zn-SOD activity.

    Iron → Erythrocyte copper/zinc superoxide dismutase activity source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/copper-research/2912000.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e2d70d43dded75edb026cac237f238d9e59399db6094098796e169f20e819443", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 969, "text_sha256": "e2d70d43dded75edb026cac237f238d9e59399db6094098796e169f20e819443"}
    experimental_model
    Zinc versus zinc-plus-iron intervention
    exposure
    50 mg/day zinc with or without 50 mg/day iron for ten weeks
    limitations
    Study exposures, not dosing recommendations; erythrocyte enzyme activity and ceruloplasmin concentration are distinct endpoints.
    nutrient_topic
    Copper research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Copper
    organism
    Human adult females
    plain_language
    Correcting the iron side of an interaction did not correct the copper-related enzyme endpoint.
    primary_references
    [copper-p2912000] Iron, copper, and zinc status: response to supplementation with zinc or zinc and iron in adult females. (1989). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2912000/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/49.1.145
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Erythrocytes and serum

    Copper: transport, cuproenzymes, deficiency, excess and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1170–1181

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Zinc versus zinc-plus-iron intervention · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### copper-iron-does-not-prevent-zinc-sod-fall Adding iron to the zinc intervention prevented adverse iron-status changes but did not prevent the fall in erythrocyte Cu/Zn-SOD activity. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Copper research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Correcting the iron side of an interaction did not correct the copper-related enzyme endpoint. organism: Human adult females tissue_or_cell_type: Erythrocytes and serum experimental_model: Zinc versus zinc-plus-iron intervention limitations: Study exposures, not dosing recommendations; erythrocyte enzyme activity and ceruloplasmin concentration are distinct endpoints. exposure: 50 mg/day zinc with or without 50 mg/day iron for ten weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/copper-research/2912000.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e2d70d43dded75edb026cac237f238d9e59399db6094098796e169f20e819443", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 969, "text_sha256": "e2d70d43dded75edb026cac237f238d9e59399db6094098796e169f20e819443"} [copper-p2912000] Iron, copper, and zinc status: response to supplementation with zinc or zinc and iron in adult females. (1989). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2912000/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/49.1.145
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. After ten weeks, erythrocyte Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase activity was lower than pretreatment in both the zinc-only and zinc-plus-iron groups (P<0.05).

    Zinc gluconate → Erythrocyte copper/zinc superoxide dismutase activity source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    Copper (affected_nutrient); Iron (coadministered_nutrient); Zinc(II) ion (administered_element)
    evidence_location
    Indexed primary abstract.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/zinc-clinical-sources/yadrick1989.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; complete local file", "file_sha256": "e2d70d43dded75edb026cac237f238d9e59399db6094098796e169f20e819443", "utf8_bytes": 969}
    experimental_model
    Ten-week zinc or zinc-plus-iron intervention in adult women
    exposure
    50 mg elemental zinc/day as gluconate, with or without 50 mg iron/day as ferrous sulfate monohydrate.
    limitations
    Reported comparisons are within-group pretreatment versus 10 weeks, not placebo-adjusted effects. ESOD is a functional biomarker, not a diagnosis of symptomatic copper deficiency.
    nutrient_topic
    Zinc research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Zinc
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Adding iron did not prevent the fall in this copper/zinc enzyme marker.
    primary_references
    [zn-clin-yadrick1989] Iron, copper, and zinc status: response to supplementation with zinc or zinc and iron in adult females. (1989). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2912000/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/49.1.145
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Blood and erythrocytes

    Zinc: transport, enzyme loading, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1181–1194

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Ten-week zinc or zinc-plus-iron intervention in adult women · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### zn-clin-esod-zinc After ten weeks, erythrocyte Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase activity was lower than pretreatment in both the zinc-only and zinc-plus-iron groups (P<0.05). Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Zinc research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Adding iron did not prevent the fall in this copper/zinc enzyme marker. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Blood and erythrocytes experimental_model: Ten-week zinc or zinc-plus-iron intervention in adult women limitations: Reported comparisons are within-group pretreatment versus 10 weeks, not placebo-adjusted effects. ESOD is a functional biomarker, not a diagnosis of symptomatic copper deficiency. exposure: 50 mg elemental zinc/day as gluconate, with or without 50 mg iron/day as ferrous sulfate monohydrate. cross_nutrient: Copper (affected_nutrient); Iron (coadministered_nutrient); Zinc(II) ion (administered_element) evidence_location: Indexed primary abstract. evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/zinc-clinical-sources/yadrick1989.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; complete local file", "file_sha256": "e2d70d43dded75edb026cac237f238d9e59399db6094098796e169f20e819443", "utf8_bytes": 969} [zn-clin-yadrick1989] Iron, copper, and zinc status: response to supplementation with zinc or zinc and iron in adult females. (1989). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2912000/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/49.1.145
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Serum ceruloplasmin was unchanged in both intervention groups despite lower erythrocyte Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase activity; serum zinc rose in both groups.

    Zinc gluconate → Serum ceruloplasmin concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    Copper (affected_nutrient); Serum zinc concentration (increased_marker); Erythrocyte copper/zinc superoxide dismutase activity (decreased_marker)
    evidence_location
    Indexed primary abstract.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/zinc-clinical-sources/yadrick1989.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; complete local file", "file_sha256": "e2d70d43dded75edb026cac237f238d9e59399db6094098796e169f20e819443", "utf8_bytes": 969}
    experimental_model
    Ten-week zinc or zinc-plus-iron intervention in adult women
    exposure
    50 mg elemental zinc/day as gluconate, with or without 50 mg iron/day as ferrous sulfate monohydrate.
    limitations
    Reported comparisons are within-group pretreatment versus 10 weeks, not placebo-adjusted effects. ESOD is a functional biomarker, not a diagnosis of symptomatic copper deficiency.
    nutrient_topic
    Zinc research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Zinc
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    A rising zinc blood level and unchanged ceruloplasmin did not capture every functional change.
    primary_references
    [zn-clin-yadrick1989] Iron, copper, and zinc status: response to supplementation with zinc or zinc and iron in adult females. (1989). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2912000/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/49.1.145
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Blood and erythrocytes

    Zinc: transport, enzyme loading, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1211–1224

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Ten-week zinc or zinc-plus-iron intervention in adult women · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### zn-clin-ceruloplasmin-null Serum ceruloplasmin was unchanged in both intervention groups despite lower erythrocyte Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase activity; serum zinc rose in both groups. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Zinc research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A rising zinc blood level and unchanged ceruloplasmin did not capture every functional change. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Blood and erythrocytes experimental_model: Ten-week zinc or zinc-plus-iron intervention in adult women limitations: Reported comparisons are within-group pretreatment versus 10 weeks, not placebo-adjusted effects. ESOD is a functional biomarker, not a diagnosis of symptomatic copper deficiency. exposure: 50 mg elemental zinc/day as gluconate, with or without 50 mg iron/day as ferrous sulfate monohydrate. cross_nutrient: Copper (affected_nutrient); Serum zinc concentration (increased_marker); Erythrocyte copper/zinc superoxide dismutase activity (decreased_marker) evidence_location: Indexed primary abstract. evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/zinc-clinical-sources/yadrick1989.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; complete local file", "file_sha256": "e2d70d43dded75edb026cac237f238d9e59399db6094098796e169f20e819443", "utf8_bytes": 969} [zn-clin-yadrick1989] Iron, copper, and zinc status: response to supplementation with zinc or zinc and iron in adult females. (1989). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2912000/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/49.1.145
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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