Component

CDP-choline

CDP-choline. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

5 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. Human CCTbeta expression increased CCT activity and cellular CDP-choline accumulation in COS-7 cells.

    Human CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase beta / PCYT1B → CDP-choline source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/phosphorus-research/9593753.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "6ed2c0c0ceaa7eb2efb90c66565bae51b71023f77cdd0224159fd9814e3b7d45", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1766, "text_sha256": "6ed2c0c0ceaa7eb2efb90c66565bae51b71023f77cdd0224159fd9814e3b7d45"}
    experimental_model
    Human isoform cloning and COS-7 expression studies
    exposure
    CCTbeta transfection and catalytic assays with lipid regulators
    limitations
    Expression-system findings; maximum activity required lipid regulators. Do not generalize the early clone to every subsequently described splice variant.
    nutrient_topic
    Phosphorus research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Phosphorus
    organism
    Human PCYT1B expressed in African-green-monkey-derived COS-7 cells
    plain_language
    A separately identified enzyme activates the phosphocholine building block.
    primary_references
    [phosphorus-p9593753] Cloning and characterization of a second human CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9593753/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.22.14022
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Cytoplasm and phospholipid biosynthesis

    Phosphorus: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 698–709

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human isoform cloning and COS-7 expression studies · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### phosphorus-pcyt-cdp Human CCTbeta expression increased CCT activity and cellular CDP-choline accumulation in COS-7 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Phosphorus research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A separately identified enzyme activates the phosphocholine building block. organism: Human PCYT1B expressed in African-green-monkey-derived COS-7 cells tissue_or_cell_type: Cytoplasm and phospholipid biosynthesis experimental_model: Human isoform cloning and COS-7 expression studies limitations: Expression-system findings; maximum activity required lipid regulators. Do not generalize the early clone to every subsequently described splice variant. exposure: CCTbeta transfection and catalytic assays with lipid regulators evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/phosphorus-research/9593753.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "6ed2c0c0ceaa7eb2efb90c66565bae51b71023f77cdd0224159fd9814e3b7d45", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1766, "text_sha256": "6ed2c0c0ceaa7eb2efb90c66565bae51b71023f77cdd0224159fd9814e3b7d45"} [phosphorus-p9593753] Cloning and characterization of a second human CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9593753/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.22.14022
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. CEPT1 can catalyze PC production as well as PE production.

    Human choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase 1 / CEPT1 → Phosphatidylcholine source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/choline-research/40435706.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d08b2ce68e8731e88e1204dc1b09d1301020452752a630a880ec3a2cdb0f2351", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1339, "text_sha256": "d08b2ce68e8731e88e1204dc1b09d1301020452752a630a880ec3a2cdb0f2351"}
    experimental_model
    Human CHPT1 cryo-EM, sequence analysis and biochemical characterization
    exposure
    CDP-choline/CDP-ethanolamine substrate selectivity
    limitations
    Human CHPT1 and CEPT1 remain separate. Evolutionary suggestions about oviparous species are not asserted as human bifunctionality.
    nutrient_topic
    Choline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Choline
    organism
    Human proteins; evolutionary comparisons explicitly separate
    plain_language
    A separate terminal enzyme can serve both headgroup pathways.
    primary_references
    [choline-p40435706] Structural basis for substrate selectivity and evolutionary insights into human choline phosphotransferase 1. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40435706/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.152082
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Membrane phospholipid synthesis

    Choline: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 776–787

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human CHPT1 cryo-EM, sequence analysis and biochemical characterization · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### choline-cept1-pc CEPT1 can catalyze PC production as well as PE production. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Choline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A separate terminal enzyme can serve both headgroup pathways. organism: Human proteins; evolutionary comparisons explicitly separate tissue_or_cell_type: Membrane phospholipid synthesis experimental_model: Human CHPT1 cryo-EM, sequence analysis and biochemical characterization limitations: Human CHPT1 and CEPT1 remain separate. Evolutionary suggestions about oviparous species are not asserted as human bifunctionality. exposure: CDP-choline/CDP-ethanolamine substrate selectivity evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/choline-research/40435706.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d08b2ce68e8731e88e1204dc1b09d1301020452752a630a880ec3a2cdb0f2351", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1339, "text_sha256": "d08b2ce68e8731e88e1204dc1b09d1301020452752a630a880ec3a2cdb0f2351"} [choline-p40435706] Structural basis for substrate selectivity and evolutionary insights into human choline phosphotransferase 1. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40435706/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.152082
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Human CHPT1 catalyzes the PC-producing final step of the Kennedy pathway with choline-headgroup substrate selectivity.

    Human choline phosphotransferase 1 / CHPT1 → Phosphatidylcholine source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/choline-research/40435706.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d08b2ce68e8731e88e1204dc1b09d1301020452752a630a880ec3a2cdb0f2351", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1339, "text_sha256": "d08b2ce68e8731e88e1204dc1b09d1301020452752a630a880ec3a2cdb0f2351"}
    experimental_model
    Human CHPT1 cryo-EM, sequence analysis and biochemical characterization
    exposure
    CDP-choline/CDP-ethanolamine substrate selectivity
    limitations
    Human CHPT1 and CEPT1 remain separate. Evolutionary suggestions about oviparous species are not asserted as human bifunctionality.
    nutrient_topic
    Choline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Choline
    organism
    Human proteins; evolutionary comparisons explicitly separate
    plain_language
    One terminal enzyme specializes in making phosphatidylcholine.
    primary_references
    [choline-p40435706] Structural basis for substrate selectivity and evolutionary insights into human choline phosphotransferase 1. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40435706/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.152082
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Membrane phospholipid synthesis

    Choline: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 763–774

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human CHPT1 cryo-EM, sequence analysis and biochemical characterization · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### choline-chpt1-pc Human CHPT1 catalyzes the PC-producing final step of the Kennedy pathway with choline-headgroup substrate selectivity. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Choline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One terminal enzyme specializes in making phosphatidylcholine. organism: Human proteins; evolutionary comparisons explicitly separate tissue_or_cell_type: Membrane phospholipid synthesis experimental_model: Human CHPT1 cryo-EM, sequence analysis and biochemical characterization limitations: Human CHPT1 and CEPT1 remain separate. Evolutionary suggestions about oviparous species are not asserted as human bifunctionality. exposure: CDP-choline/CDP-ethanolamine substrate selectivity evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/choline-research/40435706.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d08b2ce68e8731e88e1204dc1b09d1301020452752a630a880ec3a2cdb0f2351", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1339, "text_sha256": "d08b2ce68e8731e88e1204dc1b09d1301020452752a630a880ec3a2cdb0f2351"} [choline-p40435706] Structural basis for substrate selectivity and evolutionary insights into human choline phosphotransferase 1. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40435706/ DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.152082
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Global recovery was similar with citicoline and placebo: odds ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.86–1.25, p=0.364.

    Citicoline treatment in the COBRIT and ICTUS trials → ICTUS global stroke recovery at 90 days source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/choline-research/22691567.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d70010453da46567d129e81a98e9e077bc3c787880287428ddb76023202d5648", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2066, "text_sha256": "d70010453da46567d129e81a98e9e077bc3c787880287428ddb76023202d5648"}
    experimental_model
    ICTUS randomized masked multicenter placebo-controlled trial
    exposure
    Citicoline 1000 mg every 12 hours, initially IV then oral for six weeks; 90-day recovery
    limitations
    Trial stopped for futility. Results apply to this clinical setting, not to nutritional essentiality or all choline forms.
    nutrient_topic
    Choline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Choline
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    The large stroke trial did not confirm a recovery benefit.
    primary_references
    [choline-p22691567] Citicoline in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: an international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled study (ICTUS trial). (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22691567/ DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60813-7
    tissue_or_cell_type
    2298 adults with moderate-to-severe acute ischemic stroke

    Choline: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1335–1346

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · ICTUS randomized masked multicenter placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### choline-citicoline-stroke-null Global recovery was similar with citicoline and placebo: odds ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.86–1.25, p=0.364. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Choline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The large stroke trial did not confirm a recovery benefit. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: 2298 adults with moderate-to-severe acute ischemic stroke experimental_model: ICTUS randomized masked multicenter placebo-controlled trial limitations: Trial stopped for futility. Results apply to this clinical setting, not to nutritional essentiality or all choline forms. exposure: Citicoline 1000 mg every 12 hours, initially IV then oral for six weeks; 90-day recovery evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/choline-research/22691567.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "d70010453da46567d129e81a98e9e077bc3c787880287428ddb76023202d5648", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2066, "text_sha256": "d70010453da46567d129e81a98e9e077bc3c787880287428ddb76023202d5648"} [choline-p22691567] Citicoline in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: an international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled study (ICTUS trial). (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22691567/ DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60813-7
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. The 90-day global functional/cognitive outcome did not differ significantly with citicoline: odds ratio 0.98, 95% CI 0.83–1.15.

    Citicoline treatment in the COBRIT and ICTUS trials → COBRIT global functional/cognitive outcome at 90 days source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/choline-research/23168823.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "57ad3435837e866a92fad1e25c19d9a4919f522026731b48ba7df3b345664186", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2347, "text_sha256": "57ad3435837e866a92fad1e25c19d9a4919f522026731b48ba7df3b345664186"}
    experimental_model
    COBRIT phase 3 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
    exposure
    Citicoline 2000 mg/day enteral/oral for 90 days
    limitations
    Drug-form intervention after brain injury, not correction of documented dietary choline deficiency.
    nutrient_topic
    Choline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Choline
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    A plausible biochemical precursor did not improve this clinical trial’s outcome.
    primary_references
    [choline-p23168823] Effect of citicoline on functional and cognitive status among patients with traumatic brain injury: Citicoline Brain Injury Treatment Trial (COBRIT). (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23168823/ DOI: 10.1001/jama.2012.13256
    tissue_or_cell_type
    1213 people with complicated mild, moderate or severe traumatic brain injury

    Choline: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1322–1333

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · COBRIT phase 3 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### choline-citicoline-tbi-null The 90-day global functional/cognitive outcome did not differ significantly with citicoline: odds ratio 0.98, 95% CI 0.83–1.15. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Choline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A plausible biochemical precursor did not improve this clinical trial’s outcome. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: 1213 people with complicated mild, moderate or severe traumatic brain injury experimental_model: COBRIT phase 3 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial limitations: Drug-form intervention after brain injury, not correction of documented dietary choline deficiency. exposure: Citicoline 2000 mg/day enteral/oral for 90 days evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/choline-research/23168823.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "57ad3435837e866a92fad1e25c19d9a4919f522026731b48ba7df3b345664186", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2347, "text_sha256": "57ad3435837e866a92fad1e25c19d9a4919f522026731b48ba7df3b345664186"} [choline-p23168823] Effect of citicoline on functional and cognitive status among patients with traumatic brain injury: Citicoline Brain Injury Treatment Trial (COBRIT). (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23168823/ DOI: 10.1001/jama.2012.13256
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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