Component

Atenolol

Atenolol. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

5 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. Atenolol treatment was associated with lower urinary aMT6s and a small increase in blood glucose.

    Atenolol → Urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin excretion source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/26946962.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "ad9bf60e8f57ef2ec9fe9e4b74b848b9cc0711fe00cf5a9959bf489dd9c8f992", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1191, "text_sha256": "ad9bf60e8f57ef2ec9fe9e4b74b848b9cc0711fe00cf5a9959bf489dd9c8f992"}
    experimental_model
    Nine-week antihypertensive pharmacogenetic cohort analysis
    exposure
    Atenolol treatment; urinary aMT6s normalized to creatinine
    limitations
    Association study; absence of correlation is not proof of no biological role. It does not support a simple linear explanation of atenolol-related glucose changes by lost melatonin.
    nutrient_topic
    Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Melatonin
    organism
    232 hypertensive participants reported as Caucasian in PEAR
    plain_language
    Metabolite excretion and glucose changed during the same treatment.
    primary_references
    [melatonin-p26946962] Melatonin Pathway and Atenolol-Related Glucose Dysregulation: Is There a Correlation? (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26946962/ DOI: 10.1111/cts.12389
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Urinary melatonin metabolite and blood glucose

    Melatonin: synthesis, receptors, circadian timing and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1241–1252

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Nine-week antihypertensive pharmacogenetic cohort analysis · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### melatonin-atenolol-metabolite Atenolol treatment was associated with lower urinary aMT6s and a small increase in blood glucose. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Metabolite excretion and glucose changed during the same treatment. organism: 232 hypertensive participants reported as Caucasian in PEAR tissue_or_cell_type: Urinary melatonin metabolite and blood glucose experimental_model: Nine-week antihypertensive pharmacogenetic cohort analysis limitations: Association study; absence of correlation is not proof of no biological role. It does not support a simple linear explanation of atenolol-related glucose changes by lost melatonin. exposure: Atenolol treatment; urinary aMT6s normalized to creatinine evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/26946962.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "ad9bf60e8f57ef2ec9fe9e4b74b848b9cc0711fe00cf5a9959bf489dd9c8f992", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1191, "text_sha256": "ad9bf60e8f57ef2ec9fe9e4b74b848b9cc0711fe00cf5a9959bf489dd9c8f992"} [melatonin-p26946962] Melatonin Pathway and Atenolol-Related Glucose Dysregulation: Is There a Correlation? (2016). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26946962/ DOI: 10.1111/cts.12389
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. All tested atenolol doses reduced nocturnal melatonin relative to placebo, with a dose-dependent pattern.

    Atenolol → Nocturnal circulating melatonin concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/9406983.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d3fe9b237757bb5797ed40bbc26931a04868f9160ea458dd1264671c77e0718", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1175, "text_sha256": "7d3fe9b237757bb5797ed40bbc26931a04868f9160ea458dd1264671c77e0718"}
    experimental_model
    Randomized single-blind dose-response study
    exposure
    Atenolol 12.5, 25, 37.5 or 50 mg versus placebo; week washouts
    limitations
    Acute beta1 blockade and small sample. A lower concentration does not by itself establish symptomatic deficiency or a need for replacement.
    nutrient_topic
    Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Melatonin
    organism
    Six healthy humans
    plain_language
    A medicine can weaken the normal secretion signal even when synthetic nutrients are available.
    primary_references
    [melatonin-p9406983] The effect of atenolol, a beta1-adrenergic antagonist, on nocturnal plasma melatonin secretion: evidence for a dose-response relationship in humans. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9406983/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.1997.tb00345.x
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Nocturnal melatonin secretion
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Melatonin: synthesis, receptors, circadian timing and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 968–979

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized single-blind dose-response study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### melatonin-atenolol-suppression All tested atenolol doses reduced nocturnal melatonin relative to placebo, with a dose-dependent pattern. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A medicine can weaken the normal secretion signal even when synthetic nutrients are available. organism: Six healthy humans tissue_or_cell_type: Nocturnal melatonin secretion experimental_model: Randomized single-blind dose-response study limitations: Acute beta1 blockade and small sample. A lower concentration does not by itself establish symptomatic deficiency or a need for replacement. exposure: Atenolol 12.5, 25, 37.5 or 50 mg versus placebo; week washouts evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/9406983.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "7d3fe9b237757bb5797ed40bbc26931a04868f9160ea458dd1264671c77e0718", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1175, "text_sha256": "7d3fe9b237757bb5797ed40bbc26931a04868f9160ea458dd1264671c77e0718"} [melatonin-p9406983] The effect of atenolol, a beta1-adrenergic antagonist, on nocturnal plasma melatonin secretion: evidence for a dose-response relationship in humans. (1997). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9406983/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.1997.tb00345.x
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Total sleep time increased by about 36 minutes compared with placebo in beta-blocker-treated patients.

    Melatonin → Polysomnographic total sleep time source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/23024438.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2402, "text_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3"}
    experimental_model
    Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
    exposure
    2.5 mg melatonin nightly for three weeks
    limitations
    Small selected group; does not prove every beta-blocker user is deficient or that all low-melatonin states respond identically.
    nutrient_topic
    Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Melatonin
    organism
    Hypertensive patients taking atenolol or metoprolol; 15 analyzed
    plain_language
    This is a measured sleep outcome in a specific medication context.
    primary_references
    [melatonin-p23024438] Repeated melatonin supplementation improves sleep in hypertensive patients treated with beta-blockers: a randomized controlled trial. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23024438/ DOI: 10.5665/sleep.2122
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Polysomnographic sleep

    Melatonin: synthesis, receptors, circadian timing and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 981–992

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### melatonin-beta-blocker-sleep-duration Total sleep time increased by about 36 minutes compared with placebo in beta-blocker-treated patients. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This is a measured sleep outcome in a specific medication context. organism: Hypertensive patients taking atenolol or metoprolol; 15 analyzed tissue_or_cell_type: Polysomnographic sleep experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial limitations: Small selected group; does not prove every beta-blocker user is deficient or that all low-melatonin states respond identically. exposure: 2.5 mg melatonin nightly for three weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/23024438.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2402, "text_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3"} [melatonin-p23024438] Repeated melatonin supplementation improves sleep in hypertensive patients treated with beta-blockers: a randomized controlled trial. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23024438/ DOI: 10.5665/sleep.2122
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Sleep efficiency increased by about 7.6 percentage points compared with placebo in beta-blocker-treated patients.

    Melatonin → Polysomnographic sleep efficiency source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/23024438.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2402, "text_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3"}
    experimental_model
    Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
    exposure
    2.5 mg melatonin nightly for three weeks
    limitations
    Small selected group; does not prove every beta-blocker user is deficient or that all low-melatonin states respond identically.
    nutrient_topic
    Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Melatonin
    organism
    Hypertensive patients taking atenolol or metoprolol; 15 analyzed
    plain_language
    This is a measured sleep outcome in a specific medication context.
    primary_references
    [melatonin-p23024438] Repeated melatonin supplementation improves sleep in hypertensive patients treated with beta-blockers: a randomized controlled trial. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23024438/ DOI: 10.5665/sleep.2122
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Polysomnographic sleep

    Melatonin: synthesis, receptors, circadian timing and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 994–1005

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### melatonin-beta-blocker-sleep-efficiency Sleep efficiency increased by about 7.6 percentage points compared with placebo in beta-blocker-treated patients. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This is a measured sleep outcome in a specific medication context. organism: Hypertensive patients taking atenolol or metoprolol; 15 analyzed tissue_or_cell_type: Polysomnographic sleep experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial limitations: Small selected group; does not prove every beta-blocker user is deficient or that all low-melatonin states respond identically. exposure: 2.5 mg melatonin nightly for three weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/23024438.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2402, "text_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3"} [melatonin-p23024438] Repeated melatonin supplementation improves sleep in hypertensive patients treated with beta-blockers: a randomized controlled trial. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23024438/ DOI: 10.5665/sleep.2122
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Stage 2 sleep increased by about 41 minutes compared with placebo in beta-blocker-treated patients.

    Melatonin → Polysomnographic stage 2 sleep duration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/23024438.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2402, "text_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3"}
    experimental_model
    Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
    exposure
    2.5 mg melatonin nightly for three weeks
    limitations
    Small selected group; does not prove every beta-blocker user is deficient or that all low-melatonin states respond identically.
    nutrient_topic
    Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Melatonin
    organism
    Hypertensive patients taking atenolol or metoprolol; 15 analyzed
    plain_language
    This is a measured sleep outcome in a specific medication context.
    primary_references
    [melatonin-p23024438] Repeated melatonin supplementation improves sleep in hypertensive patients treated with beta-blockers: a randomized controlled trial. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23024438/ DOI: 10.5665/sleep.2122
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Polysomnographic sleep

    Melatonin: synthesis, receptors, circadian timing and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1007–1018

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### melatonin-beta-blocker-sleep-stage2 Stage 2 sleep increased by about 41 minutes compared with placebo in beta-blocker-treated patients. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Melatonin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This is a measured sleep outcome in a specific medication context. organism: Hypertensive patients taking atenolol or metoprolol; 15 analyzed tissue_or_cell_type: Polysomnographic sleep experimental_model: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial limitations: Small selected group; does not prove every beta-blocker user is deficient or that all low-melatonin states respond identically. exposure: 2.5 mg melatonin nightly for three weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/melatonin-research/23024438.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2402, "text_sha256": "0f886545db45f7067ce68991935dcc3715082dbe31898c939eb64b015d3581f3"} [melatonin-p23024438] Repeated melatonin supplementation improves sleep in hypertensive patients treated with beta-blockers: a randomized controlled trial. (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23024438/ DOI: 10.5665/sleep.2122
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

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