Component

Apigenin 4′-O-glucuronide

Apigenin 4′-O-glucuronide

4 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. A parsley drink containing 118 micromoles of apiin produced a plasma Apigenin 4′-O-glucuronide peak of 153 ± 61 nM at 4 hours.

    Parsley drink in the 2022 apigenin metabolism study → Apigenin 4′-O-glucuronide Recorded from sourceungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Full original primary-paper PDF, Methods, Results and Tables 1–7 reviewed; authentic-standard HPLC-MS analysis. PDF obtained from a public mirror; DOI and article identity verified.
    experimental_model
    Four healthy men; 3.2 g parsley powder in 450 mL water.
    interpretation_status
    Recorded from source with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.
    limitations
    Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.
    nutrient_topic
    Apigenin collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation. · Apigenin
    plain_language
    A parsley drink containing 118 micromoles of apiin produced a plasma Apigenin 4′-O-glucuronide peak of 153 ± 61 nM at 4 hours.
    primary_references
    Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of apigenin and its glycosides in healthy male adults. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35452808/ | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.007
    source_locator
    Reviewed reference api-parsley-glucuronide; Section 3.3.2, Figure 1. These concentrations are of intact conjugates, not free apigenin.

    Apigenin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 10 October 2026) · lines 45–51

    AI-assisted original curation of primary studies; claim-local access and experimental limitations stated. Includes original-draft correction history. No independent replication claimed. · supports · Four healthy men; 3.2 g parsley powder in 450 mL water. · Recorded from source · Recorded from source

    ### api-parsley-glucuronide A parsley drink containing 118 micromoles of apiin produced a plasma Apigenin 4′-O-glucuronide peak of 153 ± 61 nM at 4 hours. Section 3.3.2, Figure 1. These concentrations are of intact conjugates, not free apigenin. Model and exposure: Four healthy men; 3.2 g parsley powder in 450 mL water. Limitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation. Reference: Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of apigenin and its glycosides in healthy male adults. | 2022 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35452808/ | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.007 | Access: Full original primary-paper PDF, Methods, Results and Tables 1–7 reviewed; authentic-standard HPLC-MS analysis. PDF obtained from a public mirror; DOI and article identity verified.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Chamomile tea produced the same two plasma conjugates with observed peaks at 2 hours and approximately 34% urinary recovery of measured metabolites over 24 hours.

    Chamomile tea in the 2022 apigenin metabolism study → Human urinary apigenin conjugate recovery Recorded from sourceungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Full original primary-paper PDF, Methods, Results and Tables 1–7 reviewed; authentic-standard HPLC-MS analysis. PDF obtained from a public mirror; DOI and article identity verified.
    experimental_model
    Four men; tea containing 13.4 micromoles apigenin 7-O-glucoside and 1.2 micromoles parent.
    interpretation_status
    Recorded from source with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.
    limitations
    Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.
    nutrient_topic
    Apigenin collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation. · Apigenin
    plain_language
    Chamomile tea produced the same two plasma conjugates with observed peaks at 2 hours and approximately 34% urinary recovery of measured metabolites over 24 hours.
    primary_references
    Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of apigenin and its glycosides in healthy male adults. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35452808/ | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.007
    source_locator
    Reviewed reference api-chamomile-pk; Section 3.3.4. The different glycoside and food matrix preclude equating this with a parent capsule.

    Apigenin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 10 October 2026) · lines 77–83

    AI-assisted original curation of primary studies; claim-local access and experimental limitations stated. Includes original-draft correction history. No independent replication claimed. · supports · Four men; tea containing 13.4 micromoles apigenin 7-O-glucoside and 1.2 micromoles parent. · Recorded from source · Recorded from source

    ### api-chamomile-pk Chamomile tea produced the same two plasma conjugates with observed peaks at 2 hours and approximately 34% urinary recovery of measured metabolites over 24 hours. Section 3.3.4. The different glycoside and food matrix preclude equating this with a parent capsule. Model and exposure: Four men; tea containing 13.4 micromoles apigenin 7-O-glucoside and 1.2 micromoles parent. Limitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation. Reference: Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of apigenin and its glycosides in healthy male adults. | 2022 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35452808/ | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.007 | Access: Full original primary-paper PDF, Methods, Results and Tables 1–7 reviewed; authentic-standard HPLC-MS analysis. PDF obtained from a public mirror; DOI and article identity verified.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. The same aglycone exposure yielded 0.9 ± 0.6 micromoles of measured urinary glucuronides over 24 hours, about 0.5% of intake.

    Apigenin → Human urinary apigenin conjugate recovery Recorded from sourceungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Full original primary-paper PDF, Methods, Results and Tables 1–7 reviewed; authentic-standard HPLC-MS analysis. PDF obtained from a public mirror; DOI and article identity verified.
    experimental_model
    Three healthy men; authentic-standard HPLC-MS.
    interpretation_status
    Recorded from source with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.
    limitations
    Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.
    nutrient_topic
    Apigenin collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation. · Apigenin
    plain_language
    The same aglycone exposure yielded 0.9 ± 0.6 micromoles of measured urinary glucuronides over 24 hours, about 0.5% of intake.
    primary_references
    Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of apigenin and its glycosides in healthy male adults. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35452808/ | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.007
    source_locator
    Reviewed reference api-parent-urine; Recovery of selected metabolites is not an absolute bioavailability measurement.

    Apigenin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 10 October 2026) · lines 37–43

    AI-assisted original curation of primary studies; claim-local access and experimental limitations stated. Includes original-draft correction history. No independent replication claimed. · supports · Three healthy men; authentic-standard HPLC-MS. · Recorded from source · Recorded from source

    ### api-parent-urine The same aglycone exposure yielded 0.9 ± 0.6 micromoles of measured urinary glucuronides over 24 hours, about 0.5% of intake. Recovery of selected metabolites is not an absolute bioavailability measurement. Model and exposure: Three healthy men; authentic-standard HPLC-MS. Limitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation. Reference: Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of apigenin and its glycosides in healthy male adults. | 2022 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35452808/ | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.007 | Access: Full original primary-paper PDF, Methods, Results and Tables 1–7 reviewed; authentic-standard HPLC-MS analysis. PDF obtained from a public mirror; DOI and article identity verified.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. The yogurt/parsley preparation shifted observed conjugate peaks to the last sampled point at 6 hours or later, compared with 4 hours for the drink.

    Parsley with yogurt in the 2022 apigenin metabolism study → Human apigenin-conjugate plasma timing Recorded from sourceungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Full original primary-paper PDF, Methods, Results and Tables 1–7 reviewed; authentic-standard HPLC-MS analysis. PDF obtained from a public mirror; DOI and article identity verified.
    experimental_contrast
    {"intervention": "Parsley with yogurt", "comparator": "Parsley drink", "endpoint": "The yogurt/parsley preparation shifted observed conjugate peaks to the last sampled point at 6 hours or later, compared with 4 hours for the drink.", "effect_direction": "increase", "combination": "single", "conditions": []} Explicit extracted experimental comparison; recorded from source.
    experimental_model
    Four men, 118 micromoles apiin with 100 g yogurt.
    interpretation_status
    Recorded from source with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.
    limitations
    Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.
    nutrient_topic
    Apigenin collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation. · Apigenin
    plain_language
    The yogurt/parsley preparation shifted observed conjugate peaks to the last sampled point at 6 hours or later, compared with 4 hours for the drink.
    primary_references
    Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of apigenin and its glycosides in healthy male adults. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35452808/ | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.007
    source_locator
    Reviewed reference api-yogurt-timing; Section 3.3.3; urinary recovery was not significantly different. Gastric emptying and matrix release were proposed explanations, not measured causal mediators.

    Apigenin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 10 October 2026) · lines 69–75

    AI-assisted original curation of primary studies; claim-local access and experimental limitations stated. Includes original-draft correction history. No independent replication claimed. · supports · Four men, 118 micromoles apiin with 100 g yogurt. · Recorded from source · Recorded from source

    ### api-yogurt-timing The yogurt/parsley preparation shifted observed conjugate peaks to the last sampled point at 6 hours or later, compared with 4 hours for the drink. Section 3.3.3; urinary recovery was not significantly different. Gastric emptying and matrix release were proposed explanations, not measured causal mediators. Model and exposure: Four men, 118 micromoles apiin with 100 g yogurt. Limitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation. Reference: Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of apigenin and its glycosides in healthy male adults. | 2022 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35452808/ | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.007 | Access: Full original primary-paper PDF, Methods, Results and Tables 1–7 reviewed; authentic-standard HPLC-MS analysis. PDF obtained from a public mirror; DOI and article identity verified.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.