Component

Alpha-tocopheroxyl radical

One-electron oxidized alpha-tocopherol radical, distinct from alpha-tocopherol quinone.

6 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. Electron paramagnetic resonance detected alpha-tocopheroxyl radical at approximately 10^-8–10^-7 M during Fe(III)-complex-initiated oxidation of soybean phosphatidylcholine liposomes containing alpha-tocopherol.

    Alpha-tocopherol → Alpha-tocopheroxyl radical source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    false
    evidence_location
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    EPR with optical and oxygen-consumption measurements
    exposure
    Fe(III)-triethylenetetramine initiator.
    limitations
    Artificial membrane system; does not quantify in vivo radical abundance.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin E
    organism
    Cell-free soybean lipid preparation
    plain_language
    The experiment directly observed the vitamin E radical intermediate inside an artificial membrane.
    primary_references
    [ver-scarpa1984-reuse] Formation of alpha-tocopherol radical and recycling of alpha-tocopherol by ascorbate during peroxidation of phosphatidylcholine liposomes. An electron paramagnetic resonance study. (1984). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6089911/ DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(84)90070-9
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Phosphatidylcholine liposomes

    Vitamin E: transport, membrane protection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 494–506

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · EPR with optical and oxygen-consumption measurements · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### ver-tocopheroxyl-detection Electron paramagnetic resonance detected alpha-tocopheroxyl radical at approximately 10^-8–10^-7 M during Fe(III)-complex-initiated oxidation of soybean phosphatidylcholine liposomes containing alpha-tocopherol. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The experiment directly observed the vitamin E radical intermediate inside an artificial membrane. organism: Cell-free soybean lipid preparation tissue_or_cell_type: Phosphatidylcholine liposomes experimental_model: EPR with optical and oxygen-consumption measurements limitations: Artificial membrane system; does not quantify in vivo radical abundance. exposure: Fe(III)-triethylenetetramine initiator. cross_nutrient: false evidence_location: Primary abstract [ver-scarpa1984-reuse] Formation of alpha-tocopherol radical and recycling of alpha-tocopherol by ascorbate during peroxidation of phosphatidylcholine liposomes. An electron paramagnetic resonance study. (1984). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6089911/ DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(84)90070-9
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. The inhibitory effect of alpha-tocopherol on liposome lipid peroxidation persisted while aqueous ascorbic acid remained available, consistent with continued tocopherol-radical recycling.

    L-Ascorbate → Lipid peroxidation source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    true
    evidence_location
    Primary abstract final result
    experimental_model
    Soybean L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine liposomes undergoing Fe(III)-triethylenetetramine-initiated peroxidation; EPR, optical and polarographic measurements
    exposure
    Aqueous ascorbic acid described as physiological concentration in abstract (exact dose unavailable); bilayer alpha-tocopheroxyl radical detected at 10^-8–10^-7 M.
    limitations
    This persistence endpoint is separate from the radical-reduction reaction and does not establish a supplementation effect in people.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin C research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin C
    organism
    Glycine max lipid preparation; cell-free
    plain_language
    Vitamin C prolonged vitamin E’s protection against oxidation in the liposome experiment.
    primary_references
    [c-reg-scarpa] Formation of alpha-tocopherol radical and recycling of alpha-tocopherol by ascorbate during peroxidation of phosphatidylcholine liposomes. An electron paramagnetic resonance study. (1984). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6089911/ DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(84)90070-9
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Artificial liposomes

    Vitamin C: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1215–1227

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Soybean L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine liposomes undergoing Fe(III)-triethylenetetramine-initiated peroxidation; EPR, optical and polarographic measurements · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### c-reg-tocopherol-antiperoxidation-persistence The inhibitory effect of alpha-tocopherol on liposome lipid peroxidation persisted while aqueous ascorbic acid remained available, consistent with continued tocopherol-radical recycling. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin C research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Vitamin C prolonged vitamin E’s protection against oxidation in the liposome experiment. organism: Glycine max lipid preparation; cell-free tissue_or_cell_type: Artificial liposomes experimental_model: Soybean L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine liposomes undergoing Fe(III)-triethylenetetramine-initiated peroxidation; EPR, optical and polarographic measurements limitations: This persistence endpoint is separate from the radical-reduction reaction and does not establish a supplementation effect in people. exposure: Aqueous ascorbic acid described as physiological concentration in abstract (exact dose unavailable); bilayer alpha-tocopheroxyl radical detected at 10^-8–10^-7 M. cross_nutrient: true evidence_location: Primary abstract final result [c-reg-scarpa] Formation of alpha-tocopherol radical and recycling of alpha-tocopherol by ascorbate during peroxidation of phosphatidylcholine liposomes. An electron paramagnetic resonance study. (1984). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6089911/ DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(84)90070-9
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Aqueous ascorbate reduced bilayer alpha-tocopheroxyl radical back to alpha-tocopherol in oxidizing soybean phosphatidylcholine liposomes; the reported apparent bimolecular rate constant was about 2 × 10^5 M^-1 s^-1 under those conditions.

    L-Ascorbate → Alpha-tocopherol source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    true
    evidence_location
    Primary abstract radical accessibility and kinetic result
    experimental_model
    Soybean L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine liposomes undergoing Fe(III)-triethylenetetramine-initiated peroxidation; EPR, optical and polarographic measurements
    exposure
    Aqueous ascorbic acid described as physiological concentration in abstract (exact dose unavailable); bilayer alpha-tocopheroxyl radical detected at 10^-8–10^-7 M.
    limitations
    Membrane composition, radical initiator and assay conditions determine kinetics; no human clinical benefit or universal membrane rate is established.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin C research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin C
    organism
    Glycine max lipid preparation; cell-free
    plain_language
    Vitamin C recycled the vitamin E radical back into vitamin E across this artificial membrane-water interface.
    primary_references
    [c-reg-scarpa] Formation of alpha-tocopherol radical and recycling of alpha-tocopherol by ascorbate during peroxidation of phosphatidylcholine liposomes. An electron paramagnetic resonance study. (1984). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6089911/ DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(84)90070-9
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Artificial liposomes

    Vitamin C: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1201–1213

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Soybean L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine liposomes undergoing Fe(III)-triethylenetetramine-initiated peroxidation; EPR, optical and polarographic measurements · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### c-reg-tocopherol-radical-recycling Aqueous ascorbate reduced bilayer alpha-tocopheroxyl radical back to alpha-tocopherol in oxidizing soybean phosphatidylcholine liposomes; the reported apparent bimolecular rate constant was about 2 × 10^5 M^-1 s^-1 under those conditions. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin C research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Vitamin C recycled the vitamin E radical back into vitamin E across this artificial membrane-water interface. organism: Glycine max lipid preparation; cell-free tissue_or_cell_type: Artificial liposomes experimental_model: Soybean L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine liposomes undergoing Fe(III)-triethylenetetramine-initiated peroxidation; EPR, optical and polarographic measurements limitations: Membrane composition, radical initiator and assay conditions determine kinetics; no human clinical benefit or universal membrane rate is established. exposure: Aqueous ascorbic acid described as physiological concentration in abstract (exact dose unavailable); bilayer alpha-tocopheroxyl radical detected at 10^-8–10^-7 M. cross_nutrient: true evidence_location: Primary abstract radical accessibility and kinetic result [c-reg-scarpa] Formation of alpha-tocopherol radical and recycling of alpha-tocopherol by ascorbate during peroxidation of phosphatidylcholine liposomes. An electron paramagnetic resonance study. (1984). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6089911/ DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(84)90070-9
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. The same solution study detected no reaction of oxidized ubiquinone-10 with tocopheroxyl radicals, distinguishing it from the active reduced ubiquinol-10 form.

    Ubiquinone-10 → Alpha-tocopherol source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    true
    evidence_location
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Stopped-flow comparison of CoQ10 redox states
    exposure
    Oxidized ubiquinone-10 comparator.
    limitations
    A non-detected reaction under these assay conditions is not an assertion that cellular CoQ cannot first be reduced.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin E
    organism
    Cell-free
    plain_language
    CoQ10 needed to be in its reduced state for the measured recycling reaction.
    primary_references
    [ver-mukai1990] Stopped-flow kinetic study of the regeneration reaction of tocopheroxyl radical by reduced ubiquinone-10 in solution. (1990). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2383582/ DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(90)90176-w
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Chemical solution

    Vitamin E: transport, membrane protection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 522–534

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Stopped-flow comparison of CoQ10 redox states · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### ver-oxidized-coq-no-regeneration The same solution study detected no reaction of oxidized ubiquinone-10 with tocopheroxyl radicals, distinguishing it from the active reduced ubiquinol-10 form. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: CoQ10 needed to be in its reduced state for the measured recycling reaction. organism: Cell-free tissue_or_cell_type: Chemical solution experimental_model: Stopped-flow comparison of CoQ10 redox states limitations: A non-detected reaction under these assay conditions is not an assertion that cellular CoQ cannot first be reduced. exposure: Oxidized ubiquinone-10 comparator. cross_nutrient: true evidence_location: Primary abstract [ver-mukai1990] Stopped-flow kinetic study of the regeneration reaction of tocopheroxyl radical by reduced ubiquinone-10 in solution. (1990). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2383582/ DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(90)90176-w
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. Vitamin K1 hydroquinone reacted with alpha-tocopheroxyl in stopped-flow assays; it regenerated vitamin E more rapidly than ubiquinol-10 across the tested ethanol, benzene and isopropanol/water solvent systems.

    Phylloquinol / vitamin K1 hydroquinone → Alpha-tocopherol source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    true
    evidence_location
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Biological hydroquinone comparison
    exposure
    Reduced K1; isopropanol/water 5:1 v/v and separate organic solvents.
    limitations
    Does not establish dietary K/E synergy, clinical benefit or competition in coagulation.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin E
    organism
    Cell-free
    plain_language
    The reduced form of vitamin K1 recycled vitamin E in solution.
    primary_references
    [ver-mukai1992] Stopped-flow kinetic study of vitamin E regeneration reaction with biological hydroquinones (reduced forms of ubiquinone, vitamin K, and tocopherolquinone) in solution. (1992). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1429580/ DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)41666-3
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Chemical solutions

    Vitamin E: transport, membrane protection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 536–548

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Biological hydroquinone comparison · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### ver-phylloquinol-regeneration Vitamin K1 hydroquinone reacted with alpha-tocopheroxyl in stopped-flow assays; it regenerated vitamin E more rapidly than ubiquinol-10 across the tested ethanol, benzene and isopropanol/water solvent systems. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The reduced form of vitamin K1 recycled vitamin E in solution. organism: Cell-free tissue_or_cell_type: Chemical solutions experimental_model: Biological hydroquinone comparison limitations: Does not establish dietary K/E synergy, clinical benefit or competition in coagulation. exposure: Reduced K1; isopropanol/water 5:1 v/v and separate organic solvents. cross_nutrient: true evidence_location: Primary abstract [ver-mukai1992] Stopped-flow kinetic study of vitamin E regeneration reaction with biological hydroquinones (reduced forms of ubiquinone, vitamin K, and tocopherolquinone) in solution. (1992). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1429580/ DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)41666-3
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. Ubiquinol-10 reduced alpha-tocopheroxyl to alpha-tocopherol in stopped-flow solution experiments, with second-order rate constants of 3.74 × 10^5 M^-1 s^-1 in benzene and 2.15 × 10^5 M^-1 s^-1 in ethanol at 25 °C.

    Reduced CoQ10 → Alpha-tocopherol source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    true
    evidence_location
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Stopped-flow spectrophotometry
    exposure
    25 °C; reduced CoQ10.
    limitations
    No direct tissue flux or oral CoQ10 effect was measured.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin E
    organism
    Cell-free
    plain_language
    Reduced CoQ10 recycled the vitamin E radical in these chemical assays.
    primary_references
    [ver-mukai1990] Stopped-flow kinetic study of the regeneration reaction of tocopheroxyl radical by reduced ubiquinone-10 in solution. (1990). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2383582/ DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(90)90176-w
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Benzene or ethanol solution

    Vitamin E: transport, membrane protection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 508–520

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Stopped-flow spectrophotometry · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### ver-ubiquinol-regeneration Ubiquinol-10 reduced alpha-tocopheroxyl to alpha-tocopherol in stopped-flow solution experiments, with second-order rate constants of 3.74 × 10^5 M^-1 s^-1 in benzene and 2.15 × 10^5 M^-1 s^-1 in ethanol at 25 °C. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Reduced CoQ10 recycled the vitamin E radical in these chemical assays. organism: Cell-free tissue_or_cell_type: Benzene or ethanol solution experimental_model: Stopped-flow spectrophotometry limitations: No direct tissue flux or oral CoQ10 effect was measured. exposure: 25 °C; reduced CoQ10. cross_nutrient: true evidence_location: Primary abstract [ver-mukai1990] Stopped-flow kinetic study of the regeneration reaction of tocopheroxyl radical by reduced ubiquinone-10 in solution. (1990). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2383582/ DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(90)90176-w
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

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