Sulforaphane-glutathione conjugate / SFN-GSH

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/7826396.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5dee3c3a8c8069c33fac2653f16f3521cdd17ef5e8ebddd0f82cfa3a5c95c0fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 989, "text_sha256": "5dee3c3a8c8069c33fac2653f16f3521cdd17ef5e8ebddd0f82cfa3a5c95c0fe"}

experimental_model

Recombinant human GST conjugation and reverse-reaction kinetics

exposure

Four isothiocyanates and GSTP1-1, GSTM1-1, GSTA1-1 and GSTM2-2

limitations

Relative enzyme rates are not whole-person clearance predictions; reverse reactions were slower and inhibited by high GSH.

nutrient_topic

Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Sulforaphane / SFN, stereochemistry specified per study

organism

Human GST isoenzymes

plain_language

Conjugation is reversible, so bound and free exposure are related but different.

primary_references

[sulforaphane-p7826396] Reversible conjugation of isothiocyanates with glutathione catalyzed by human glutathione transferases. (1995). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7826396/ DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1106

tissue_or_cell_type

Isothiocyanate-glutathione chemistry

Sulforaphane: formation, electrophile sensing and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 294–305

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant human GST conjugation and reverse-reaction kinetics · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### sulforaphane-reverse-conjugation GSTs also catalyzed reverse cleavage of isothiocyanate-GSH conjugates; those reactions were slow and inhibited by high GSH. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Conjugation is reversible, so bound and free exposure are related but different. organism: Human GST isoenzymes tissue_or_cell_type: Isothiocyanate-glutathione chemistry experimental_model: Recombinant human GST conjugation and reverse-reaction kinetics limitations: Relative enzyme rates are not whole-person clearance predictions; reverse reactions were slower and inhibited by high GSH. exposure: Four isothiocyanates and GSTP1-1, GSTM1-1, GSTA1-1 and GSTM2-2 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/7826396.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5dee3c3a8c8069c33fac2653f16f3521cdd17ef5e8ebddd0f82cfa3a5c95c0fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 989, "text_sha256": "5dee3c3a8c8069c33fac2653f16f3521cdd17ef5e8ebddd0f82cfa3a5c95c0fe"} [sulforaphane-p7826396] Reversible conjugation of isothiocyanates with glutathione catalyzed by human glutathione transferases. (1995). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7826396/ DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1106

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/7826396.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5dee3c3a8c8069c33fac2653f16f3521cdd17ef5e8ebddd0f82cfa3a5c95c0fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 989, "text_sha256": "5dee3c3a8c8069c33fac2653f16f3521cdd17ef5e8ebddd0f82cfa3a5c95c0fe"}

experimental_model

Recombinant human GST conjugation and reverse-reaction kinetics

exposure

Four isothiocyanates and GSTP1-1, GSTM1-1, GSTA1-1 and GSTM2-2

limitations

Relative enzyme rates are not whole-person clearance predictions; reverse reactions were slower and inhibited by high GSH.

nutrient_topic

Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Sulforaphane / SFN, stereochemistry specified per study

organism

Human GST isoenzymes

plain_language

Different GST isoenzymes can participate in this route.

primary_references

[sulforaphane-p7826396] Reversible conjugation of isothiocyanates with glutathione catalyzed by human glutathione transferases. (1995). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7826396/ DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1106

tissue_or_cell_type

Isothiocyanate-glutathione chemistry

Sulforaphane: formation, electrophile sensing and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 268–279

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant human GST conjugation and reverse-reaction kinetics · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### sulforaphane-gstm-conjugation GSTM1-1 was among the efficient tested human GST catalysts for isothiocyanate conjugation. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Different GST isoenzymes can participate in this route. organism: Human GST isoenzymes tissue_or_cell_type: Isothiocyanate-glutathione chemistry experimental_model: Recombinant human GST conjugation and reverse-reaction kinetics limitations: Relative enzyme rates are not whole-person clearance predictions; reverse reactions were slower and inhibited by high GSH. exposure: Four isothiocyanates and GSTP1-1, GSTM1-1, GSTA1-1 and GSTM2-2 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/7826396.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5dee3c3a8c8069c33fac2653f16f3521cdd17ef5e8ebddd0f82cfa3a5c95c0fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 989, "text_sha256": "5dee3c3a8c8069c33fac2653f16f3521cdd17ef5e8ebddd0f82cfa3a5c95c0fe"} [sulforaphane-p7826396] Reversible conjugation of isothiocyanates with glutathione catalyzed by human glutathione transferases. (1995). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7826396/ DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1106

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/7826396.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5dee3c3a8c8069c33fac2653f16f3521cdd17ef5e8ebddd0f82cfa3a5c95c0fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 989, "text_sha256": "5dee3c3a8c8069c33fac2653f16f3521cdd17ef5e8ebddd0f82cfa3a5c95c0fe"}

experimental_model

Recombinant human GST conjugation and reverse-reaction kinetics

exposure

Four isothiocyanates and GSTP1-1, GSTM1-1, GSTA1-1 and GSTM2-2

limitations

Relative enzyme rates are not whole-person clearance predictions; reverse reactions were slower and inhibited by high GSH.

nutrient_topic

Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Sulforaphane / SFN, stereochemistry specified per study

organism

Human GST isoenzymes

plain_language

Glutathione attaches to sulforaphane during its handling.

primary_references

[sulforaphane-p7826396] Reversible conjugation of isothiocyanates with glutathione catalyzed by human glutathione transferases. (1995). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7826396/ DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1106

tissue_or_cell_type

Isothiocyanate-glutathione chemistry

Sulforaphane: formation, electrophile sensing and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 255–266

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant human GST conjugation and reverse-reaction kinetics · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### sulforaphane-gstp-conjugation GSTP1-1 catalyzed sulforaphane conjugation with glutathione in the human enzyme comparison. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Glutathione attaches to sulforaphane during its handling. organism: Human GST isoenzymes tissue_or_cell_type: Isothiocyanate-glutathione chemistry experimental_model: Recombinant human GST conjugation and reverse-reaction kinetics limitations: Relative enzyme rates are not whole-person clearance predictions; reverse reactions were slower and inhibited by high GSH. exposure: Four isothiocyanates and GSTP1-1, GSTM1-1, GSTA1-1 and GSTM2-2 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/7826396.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5dee3c3a8c8069c33fac2653f16f3521cdd17ef5e8ebddd0f82cfa3a5c95c0fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 989, "text_sha256": "5dee3c3a8c8069c33fac2653f16f3521cdd17ef5e8ebddd0f82cfa3a5c95c0fe"} [sulforaphane-p7826396] Reversible conjugation of isothiocyanates with glutathione catalyzed by human glutathione transferases. (1995). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7826396/ DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1106

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/12756216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "98a56e8d1e84bffe3a4213eb3619d52869f85d999355d0e0f487d412149101af", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1816, "text_sha256": "98a56e8d1e84bffe3a4213eb3619d52869f85d999355d0e0f487d412149101af"}

experimental_model

Human jejunal perfusion and parallel Caco-2 experiments

exposure

Dietary-concentration onion/broccoli extract perfusion

limitations

Human perfusion used a mixture; isolated Caco-2 comparisons help distinguish components. Local permeability is not systemic oral bioavailability.

nutrient_topic

Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Sulforaphane / SFN, stereochemistry specified per study

organism

Human intestinal segment and human intestinal cell line

plain_language

Some absorbed material was processed and sent back into the gut.

primary_references

[sulforaphane-p12756216] Absorption/metabolism of sulforaphane and quercetin, and regulation of phase II enzymes, in human jejunum in vivo. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12756216/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.31.6.805

tissue_or_cell_type

Absorption, luminal return and gene expression

Sulforaphane: formation, electrophile sensing and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 398–409

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human jejunal perfusion and parallel Caco-2 experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### sulforaphane-intestinal-return Human jejunal perfusion detected sulforaphane-GSH returned into the lumen after uptake. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Some absorbed material was processed and sent back into the gut. organism: Human intestinal segment and human intestinal cell line tissue_or_cell_type: Absorption, luminal return and gene expression experimental_model: Human jejunal perfusion and parallel Caco-2 experiments limitations: Human perfusion used a mixture; isolated Caco-2 comparisons help distinguish components. Local permeability is not systemic oral bioavailability. exposure: Dietary-concentration onion/broccoli extract perfusion evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/12756216.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "98a56e8d1e84bffe3a4213eb3619d52869f85d999355d0e0f487d412149101af", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1816, "text_sha256": "98a56e8d1e84bffe3a4213eb3619d52869f85d999355d0e0f487d412149101af"} [sulforaphane-p12756216] Absorption/metabolism of sulforaphane and quercetin, and regulation of phase II enzymes, in human jejunum in vivo. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12756216/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.31.6.805

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/18729326.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1b30293ede979c158852939b48f68a2cd71fa605bbca813a9fe2325f99e5c1d3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2172, "text_sha256": "1b30293ede979c158852939b48f68a2cd71fa605bbca813a9fe2325f99e5c1d3"}

experimental_model

Isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS assay validation in intervention urines

exposure

Broccoli sprout intervention specimens with equivalent administered preparation

limitations

Analytical exposure study; metabolite concentration is not tissue efficacy and does not identify each responsible human enzyme.

nutrient_topic

Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Sulforaphane / SFN, stereochemistry specified per study

organism

Human, 98 urine specimens

plain_language

This metabolite has its own identity and can be measured separately from the parent.

primary_references

[sulforaphane-p18729326] Quantification of sulforaphane mercapturic acid pathway conjugates in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography and isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18729326/ DOI: 10.1021/tx800210k

tissue_or_cell_type

Urinary mercapturic-acid pathway species

Sulforaphane: formation, electrophile sensing and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 333–344

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS assay validation in intervention urines · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### sulforaphane-urine-gsh Sulforaphane-glutathione was separately quantified in human urine after broccoli sprout exposure. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This metabolite has its own identity and can be measured separately from the parent. organism: Human, 98 urine specimens tissue_or_cell_type: Urinary mercapturic-acid pathway species experimental_model: Isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS assay validation in intervention urines limitations: Analytical exposure study; metabolite concentration is not tissue efficacy and does not identify each responsible human enzyme. exposure: Broccoli sprout intervention specimens with equivalent administered preparation evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/18729326.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "1b30293ede979c158852939b48f68a2cd71fa605bbca813a9fe2325f99e5c1d3", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2172, "text_sha256": "1b30293ede979c158852939b48f68a2cd71fa605bbca813a9fe2325f99e5c1d3"} [sulforaphane-p18729326] Quantification of sulforaphane mercapturic acid pathway conjugates in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography and isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18729326/ DOI: 10.1021/tx800210k

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/11988104.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5759bc0af52a1e906602549a3920ebba5641d09b63cc87f0dc61ea8efcb724a9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1567, "text_sha256": "5759bc0af52a1e906602549a3920ebba5641d09b63cc87f0dc61ea8efcb724a9"}

experimental_model

Transporter-overexpression and temperature/inhibitor experiments

exposure

Sulforaphane loading; ABCC1 or ABCB1 expression

limitations

Cancer-cell transport experiments; not a measured clinical drug interaction.

nutrient_topic

Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Sulforaphane / SFN, stereochemistry specified per study

organism

Human HL60 leukemia and 8226 myeloma cells

plain_language

The measured pool can be influenced by more than one transporter.

primary_references

[sulforaphane-p11988104] High cellular accumulation of sulphoraphane, a dietary anticarcinogen, is followed by rapid transporter-mediated export as a glutathione conjugate. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11988104/ DOI: 10.1042/bj3640301

tissue_or_cell_type

Intracellular retention and export

Sulforaphane: formation, electrophile sensing and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 320–331

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transporter-overexpression and temperature/inhibitor experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### sulforaphane-abcb1-efflux P-glycoprotein overexpression also implicated ABCB1 in export of intracellular sulforaphane/conjugate pools. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The measured pool can be influenced by more than one transporter. organism: Human HL60 leukemia and 8226 myeloma cells tissue_or_cell_type: Intracellular retention and export experimental_model: Transporter-overexpression and temperature/inhibitor experiments limitations: Cancer-cell transport experiments; not a measured clinical drug interaction. exposure: Sulforaphane loading; ABCC1 or ABCB1 expression evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/11988104.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5759bc0af52a1e906602549a3920ebba5641d09b63cc87f0dc61ea8efcb724a9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1567, "text_sha256": "5759bc0af52a1e906602549a3920ebba5641d09b63cc87f0dc61ea8efcb724a9"} [sulforaphane-p11988104] High cellular accumulation of sulphoraphane, a dietary anticarcinogen, is followed by rapid transporter-mediated export as a glutathione conjugate. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11988104/ DOI: 10.1042/bj3640301

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/11988104.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5759bc0af52a1e906602549a3920ebba5641d09b63cc87f0dc61ea8efcb724a9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1567, "text_sha256": "5759bc0af52a1e906602549a3920ebba5641d09b63cc87f0dc61ea8efcb724a9"}

experimental_model

Transporter-overexpression and temperature/inhibitor experiments

exposure

Sulforaphane loading; ABCC1 or ABCB1 expression

limitations

Cancer-cell transport experiments; not a measured clinical drug interaction.

nutrient_topic

Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Sulforaphane / SFN, stereochemistry specified per study

organism

Human HL60 leukemia and 8226 myeloma cells

plain_language

A transporter can shorten intracellular exposure.

primary_references

[sulforaphane-p11988104] High cellular accumulation of sulphoraphane, a dietary anticarcinogen, is followed by rapid transporter-mediated export as a glutathione conjugate. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11988104/ DOI: 10.1042/bj3640301

tissue_or_cell_type

Intracellular retention and export

Sulforaphane: formation, electrophile sensing and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 307–318

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transporter-overexpression and temperature/inhibitor experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### sulforaphane-abcc1-efflux MRP1-overexpressing human cells supported rapid export of accumulated sulforaphane, mainly as its glutathione conjugate. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A transporter can shorten intracellular exposure. organism: Human HL60 leukemia and 8226 myeloma cells tissue_or_cell_type: Intracellular retention and export experimental_model: Transporter-overexpression and temperature/inhibitor experiments limitations: Cancer-cell transport experiments; not a measured clinical drug interaction. exposure: Sulforaphane loading; ABCC1 or ABCB1 expression evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/11988104.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5759bc0af52a1e906602549a3920ebba5641d09b63cc87f0dc61ea8efcb724a9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1567, "text_sha256": "5759bc0af52a1e906602549a3920ebba5641d09b63cc87f0dc61ea8efcb724a9"} [sulforaphane-p11988104] High cellular accumulation of sulphoraphane, a dietary anticarcinogen, is followed by rapid transporter-mediated export as a glutathione conjugate. (2002). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11988104/ DOI: 10.1042/bj3640301

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/7826396.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5dee3c3a8c8069c33fac2653f16f3521cdd17ef5e8ebddd0f82cfa3a5c95c0fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 989, "text_sha256": "5dee3c3a8c8069c33fac2653f16f3521cdd17ef5e8ebddd0f82cfa3a5c95c0fe"}

experimental_model

Recombinant human GST conjugation and reverse-reaction kinetics

exposure

Four isothiocyanates and GSTP1-1, GSTM1-1, GSTA1-1 and GSTM2-2

limitations

Relative enzyme rates are not whole-person clearance predictions; reverse reactions were slower and inhibited by high GSH.

nutrient_topic

Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Sulforaphane / SFN, stereochemistry specified per study

organism

Human GST isoenzymes

plain_language

Glutathione is a reacting molecule here, not merely an antioxidant label.

primary_references

[sulforaphane-p7826396] Reversible conjugation of isothiocyanates with glutathione catalyzed by human glutathione transferases. (1995). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7826396/ DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1106

tissue_or_cell_type

Isothiocyanate-glutathione chemistry

Sulforaphane: formation, electrophile sensing and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 281–292

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant human GST conjugation and reverse-reaction kinetics · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### sulforaphane-gsh-conjugation Sulforaphane underwent both nonenzymatic and GST-catalyzed conjugation with glutathione. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Glutathione is a reacting molecule here, not merely an antioxidant label. organism: Human GST isoenzymes tissue_or_cell_type: Isothiocyanate-glutathione chemistry experimental_model: Recombinant human GST conjugation and reverse-reaction kinetics limitations: Relative enzyme rates are not whole-person clearance predictions; reverse reactions were slower and inhibited by high GSH. exposure: Four isothiocyanates and GSTP1-1, GSTM1-1, GSTA1-1 and GSTM2-2 evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/7826396.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5dee3c3a8c8069c33fac2653f16f3521cdd17ef5e8ebddd0f82cfa3a5c95c0fe", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 989, "text_sha256": "5dee3c3a8c8069c33fac2653f16f3521cdd17ef5e8ebddd0f82cfa3a5c95c0fe"} [sulforaphane-p7826396] Reversible conjugation of isothiocyanates with glutathione catalyzed by human glutathione transferases. (1995). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7826396/ DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1106

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/18204073.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0fcd98974f9fe12b2ca7c4326f94eddf4f20de4ac2ae6fdebb64de0efb1d8be9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1894, "text_sha256": "0fcd98974f9fe12b2ca7c4326f94eddf4f20de4ac2ae6fdebb64de0efb1d8be9"}

experimental_model

Transgenic transporter/enzyme comparison

exposure

Sulforaphane; GSH depletion control

limitations

Engineered cancer cells; enzyme expression and efflux can have opposing effects without being a scientific contradiction.

nutrient_topic

Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Sulforaphane / SFN, stereochemistry specified per study

organism

Human MCF7 cells with GSTP1 and/or MRP1

plain_language

Conjugation can initially retain the exposure inside cells.

primary_references

[sulforaphane-p18204073] Expression of MRP1 and GSTP1-1 modulate the acute cellular response to treatment with the chemopreventive isothiocyanate, sulforaphane. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18204073/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn013

tissue_or_cell_type

Intracellular retention, ARE induction and Nrf2 persistence

Sulforaphane: formation, electrophile sensing and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1009–1020

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transgenic transporter/enzyme comparison · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### sulforaphane-gstp-retention GSTP1-1 expression alone accelerated sulforaphane/conjugate accumulation and increased ARE reporter induction. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Conjugation can initially retain the exposure inside cells. organism: Human MCF7 cells with GSTP1 and/or MRP1 tissue_or_cell_type: Intracellular retention, ARE induction and Nrf2 persistence experimental_model: Transgenic transporter/enzyme comparison limitations: Engineered cancer cells; enzyme expression and efflux can have opposing effects without being a scientific contradiction. exposure: Sulforaphane; GSH depletion control evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/18204073.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0fcd98974f9fe12b2ca7c4326f94eddf4f20de4ac2ae6fdebb64de0efb1d8be9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1894, "text_sha256": "0fcd98974f9fe12b2ca7c4326f94eddf4f20de4ac2ae6fdebb64de0efb1d8be9"} [sulforaphane-p18204073] Expression of MRP1 and GSTP1-1 modulate the acute cellular response to treatment with the chemopreventive isothiocyanate, sulforaphane. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18204073/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn013

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/18204073.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0fcd98974f9fe12b2ca7c4326f94eddf4f20de4ac2ae6fdebb64de0efb1d8be9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1894, "text_sha256": "0fcd98974f9fe12b2ca7c4326f94eddf4f20de4ac2ae6fdebb64de0efb1d8be9"}

experimental_model

Transgenic transporter/enzyme comparison

exposure

Sulforaphane; GSH depletion control

limitations

Engineered cancer cells; enzyme expression and efflux can have opposing effects without being a scientific contradiction.

nutrient_topic

Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Sulforaphane / SFN, stereochemistry specified per study

organism

Human MCF7 cells with GSTP1 and/or MRP1

plain_language

The duration of the response depends partly on how the compound is handled.

primary_references

[sulforaphane-p18204073] Expression of MRP1 and GSTP1-1 modulate the acute cellular response to treatment with the chemopreventive isothiocyanate, sulforaphane. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18204073/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn013

tissue_or_cell_type

Intracellular retention, ARE induction and Nrf2 persistence

Sulforaphane: formation, electrophile sensing and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1035–1046

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transgenic transporter/enzyme comparison · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### sulforaphane-mrp-nrf2-duration The sulforaphane-induced Nrf2 increase was less sustained in MRP1-expressing cells, especially with GSTP1 coexpression. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The duration of the response depends partly on how the compound is handled. organism: Human MCF7 cells with GSTP1 and/or MRP1 tissue_or_cell_type: Intracellular retention, ARE induction and Nrf2 persistence experimental_model: Transgenic transporter/enzyme comparison limitations: Engineered cancer cells; enzyme expression and efflux can have opposing effects without being a scientific contradiction. exposure: Sulforaphane; GSH depletion control evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/18204073.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0fcd98974f9fe12b2ca7c4326f94eddf4f20de4ac2ae6fdebb64de0efb1d8be9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1894, "text_sha256": "0fcd98974f9fe12b2ca7c4326f94eddf4f20de4ac2ae6fdebb64de0efb1d8be9"} [sulforaphane-p18204073] Expression of MRP1 and GSTP1-1 modulate the acute cellular response to treatment with the chemopreventive isothiocyanate, sulforaphane. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18204073/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn013

evidence_span

{"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/18204073.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0fcd98974f9fe12b2ca7c4326f94eddf4f20de4ac2ae6fdebb64de0efb1d8be9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1894, "text_sha256": "0fcd98974f9fe12b2ca7c4326f94eddf4f20de4ac2ae6fdebb64de0efb1d8be9"}

experimental_model

Transgenic transporter/enzyme comparison

exposure

Sulforaphane; GSH depletion control

limitations

Engineered cancer cells; enzyme expression and efflux can have opposing effects without being a scientific contradiction.

nutrient_topic

Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Sulforaphane / SFN, stereochemistry specified per study

organism

Human MCF7 cells with GSTP1 and/or MRP1

plain_language

Export can counter the retention effect.

primary_references

[sulforaphane-p18204073] Expression of MRP1 and GSTP1-1 modulate the acute cellular response to treatment with the chemopreventive isothiocyanate, sulforaphane. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18204073/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn013

tissue_or_cell_type

Intracellular retention, ARE induction and Nrf2 persistence

Sulforaphane: formation, electrophile sensing and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 1022–1033

AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transgenic transporter/enzyme comparison · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

### sulforaphane-mrp-retention MRP1 expression reduced intracellular sulforaphane/conjugate accumulation and attenuated ARE-dependent responses. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Export can counter the retention effect. organism: Human MCF7 cells with GSTP1 and/or MRP1 tissue_or_cell_type: Intracellular retention, ARE induction and Nrf2 persistence experimental_model: Transgenic transporter/enzyme comparison limitations: Engineered cancer cells; enzyme expression and efflux can have opposing effects without being a scientific contradiction. exposure: Sulforaphane; GSH depletion control evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/18204073.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0fcd98974f9fe12b2ca7c4326f94eddf4f20de4ac2ae6fdebb64de0efb1d8be9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1894, "text_sha256": "0fcd98974f9fe12b2ca7c4326f94eddf4f20de4ac2ae6fdebb64de0efb1d8be9"} [sulforaphane-p18204073] Expression of MRP1 and GSTP1-1 modulate the acute cellular response to treatment with the chemopreventive isothiocyanate, sulforaphane. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18204073/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn013