Component
Human mitochondrial glutamate carrier 1 / SLC25A22
Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.
3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What it acts on
Reconstituted human glutamate carrier 1 supported glutamate transport coupled to a proton gradient.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract
- experimental_model
- Human carrier expressed in E. coli and reconstituted in phospholipid vesicles.
- limitations
- Glutamate/H+ cotransport and glutamate/OH− exchange are alternative descriptions in this assay; this is not the aspartate/glutamate exchanger.
- nutrient_topic
- L-Glutamate collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · L-Glutamate
- plain_language
- Cytosolic glutamate needs a carrier to reach mitochondrial reactions.
- primary_references
- Identification of the mitochondrial glutamate transporter. Bacterial expression, reconstitution, functional characterization, and tissue distribution of two human isoforms. · 2002 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11897791/ · DOI 10.1074/jbc.M201572200
- transport_effect
- depends The record names the proton coupling and not which way glutamate crossed the membrane.
- transport_pool
- the mitochondrial matrix The record names the proton coupling and not which way glutamate crossed the membrane.
L-Glutamate / L-glutamic acid: carbon and nitrogen allocation, signaling and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 82–88
AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human carrier expressed in E. coli and reconstituted in phospholipid vesicles. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## glutamate-mitochondrial-gc1 Cytosolic glutamate needs a carrier to reach mitochondrial reactions. Reconstituted human glutamate carrier 1 supported glutamate transport coupled to a proton gradient. Model: Human carrier expressed in E. coli and reconstituted in phospholipid vesicles. Limitations: Glutamate/H+ cotransport and glutamate/OH− exchange are alternative descriptions in this assay; this is not the aspartate/glutamate exchanger. Evidence access: Primary abstract Identification of the mitochondrial glutamate transporter. Bacterial expression, reconstitution, functional characterization, and tissue distribution of two human isoforms. · 2002 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11897791/ · DOI 10.1074/jbc.M201572200
Complete structured claim and evidence
What acts on it
The homozygous SLC25A22 p.G236W variant identified in a child with severe neonatal epileptic encephalopathy abolished carrier activity in vitro.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract
- experimental_model
- Human genetic case and recombinant transport assay.
- limitations
- A carrier disorder does not establish dietary glutamate deficiency or successful rescue by oral glutamate.
- nutrient_topic
- L-Glutamate collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · L-Glutamate
- plain_language
- Enough amino acid outside mitochondria cannot guarantee transport through defective machinery.
- primary_references
- Mutations in the mitochondrial glutamate carrier SLC25A22 in neonatal epileptic encephalopathy with suppression bursts. · 2009 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19780765/ · DOI 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01236.x
- trigger_kind
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
L-Glutamate / L-glutamic acid: carbon and nitrogen allocation, signaling and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 98–104
AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human genetic case and recombinant transport assay. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## glutamate-gc1-variant Enough amino acid outside mitochondria cannot guarantee transport through defective machinery. The homozygous SLC25A22 p.G236W variant identified in a child with severe neonatal epileptic encephalopathy abolished carrier activity in vitro. Model: Human genetic case and recombinant transport assay. Limitations: A carrier disorder does not establish dietary glutamate deficiency or successful rescue by oral glutamate. Evidence access: Primary abstract Mutations in the mitochondrial glutamate carrier SLC25A22 in neonatal epileptic encephalopathy with suppression bursts. · 2009 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19780765/ · DOI 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01236.x
Complete structured claim and evidence
Where it participates (unsigned role)
Reconstituted human glutamate carrier 2 also supported glutamate/proton-coupled transport, with kinetic and expression differences from carrier 1.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract
- experimental_model
- Recombinant human SLC25A18 compared with SLC25A22 in vesicle transport assays.
- limitations
- The proposed allocation to basal versus high-demand metabolism was an interpretation, not a universal tissue ranking.
- nutrient_topic
- L-Glutamate collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · L-Glutamate
- plain_language
- A related carrier is a separate node with its own properties.
- primary_references
- Identification of the mitochondrial glutamate transporter. Bacterial expression, reconstitution, functional characterization, and tissue distribution of two human isoforms. · 2002 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11897791/ · DOI 10.1074/jbc.M201572200
- transport_effect
- depends The record names the proton coupling and not which way glutamate crossed the membrane.
- transport_pool
- the mitochondrial matrix The record names the proton coupling and not which way glutamate crossed the membrane.
L-Glutamate / L-glutamic acid: carbon and nitrogen allocation, signaling and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 90–96
AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant human SLC25A18 compared with SLC25A22 in vesicle transport assays. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## glutamate-mitochondrial-gc2 A related carrier is a separate node with its own properties. Reconstituted human glutamate carrier 2 also supported glutamate/proton-coupled transport, with kinetic and expression differences from carrier 1. Model: Recombinant human SLC25A18 compared with SLC25A22 in vesicle transport assays. Limitations: The proposed allocation to basal versus high-demand metabolism was an interpretation, not a universal tissue ranking. Evidence access: Primary abstract Identification of the mitochondrial glutamate transporter. Bacterial expression, reconstitution, functional characterization, and tissue distribution of two human isoforms. · 2002 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11897791/ · DOI 10.1074/jbc.M201572200
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.