Component

Selenite ion

Selenite ion. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

6 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. Selenite treatment increased cytosolic TrxR activity together with ubiquinone reduction in the tested cell homogenates.

    Selenite ion → TrxR1-associated ubiquinone reductase activity source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/12435734.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "929e8de2bc15ea62eb4a3814995fd289de759d721f16b848174ad65f95847c55", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1340, "text_sha256": "929e8de2bc15ea62eb4a3814995fd289de759d721f16b848174ad65f95847c55"}
    experimental_model
    Enzyme kinetics, mutants and overexpressing-cell homogenates
    exposure
    NADPH or NADH; selenite and selenium-deprived enzyme variants
    limitations
    Cell-culture exposure; no clinical supplement ratio or systemic outcome was tested.
    nutrient_topic
    Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Coenzyme Q10 / CoQ10 redox system
    organism
    Mammalian TrxR1 and human HEK293 cells
    plain_language
    A cell experiment connected selenium supply with CoQ recycling capacity.
    primary_references
    [coq10-p12435734] The mammalian cytosolic selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase reduces ubiquinone. A novel mechanism for defense against oxidative stress. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12435734/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m210456200
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Ubiquinone reduction

    Coenzyme Q10: biosynthesis, electron transfer, antioxidant recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 788–799

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Enzyme kinetics, mutants and overexpressing-cell homogenates · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### coq10-selenite-cell-recycling Selenite treatment increased cytosolic TrxR activity together with ubiquinone reduction in the tested cell homogenates. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Coenzyme Q10 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A cell experiment connected selenium supply with CoQ recycling capacity. organism: Mammalian TrxR1 and human HEK293 cells tissue_or_cell_type: Ubiquinone reduction experimental_model: Enzyme kinetics, mutants and overexpressing-cell homogenates limitations: Cell-culture exposure; no clinical supplement ratio or systemic outcome was tested. exposure: NADPH or NADH; selenite and selenium-deprived enzyme variants evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/coq10-research/12435734.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "929e8de2bc15ea62eb4a3814995fd289de759d721f16b848174ad65f95847c55", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1340, "text_sha256": "929e8de2bc15ea62eb4a3814995fd289de759d721f16b848174ad65f95847c55"} [coq10-p12435734] The mammalian cytosolic selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase reduces ubiquinone. A novel mechanism for defense against oxidative stress. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12435734/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m210456200
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Selenite delayed degradation of sulforaphane-induced TXNRD1 mRNA.

    Selenite ion → Human TXNRD1 mRNA stability source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/12663510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "95f1de031ede41aa12f975dff28193dcb426465d4bda94bb84d4e60ef6c292b9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1535, "text_sha256": "95f1de031ede41aa12f975dff28193dcb426465d4bda94bb84d4e60ef6c292b9"}
    experimental_model
    Transcription/translation and inhibitor experiments
    exposure
    Sulforaphane, sodium selenite, combined treatment and pathway inhibitors
    limitations
    Cell-culture synergy at specified exposures is not a clinical supplement recommendation; TXNRD1 and TXNRD2 were not interchangeable.
    nutrient_topic
    Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Sulforaphane / SFN, stereochemistry specified per study
    organism
    Human HepG2 hepatoma cells
    plain_language
    The message could persist longer when both influences were present.
    primary_references
    [sulforaphane-p12663510] Synergy between sulforaphane and selenium in the induction of thioredoxin reductase 1 requires both transcriptional and translational modulation. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12663510/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/24.3.497
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Thioredoxin reductase regulation

    Sulforaphane: formation, electrophile sensing and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 723–734

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transcription/translation and inhibitor experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### sulforaphane-selenite-mrna-stability Selenite delayed degradation of sulforaphane-induced TXNRD1 mRNA. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The message could persist longer when both influences were present. organism: Human HepG2 hepatoma cells tissue_or_cell_type: Thioredoxin reductase regulation experimental_model: Transcription/translation and inhibitor experiments limitations: Cell-culture synergy at specified exposures is not a clinical supplement recommendation; TXNRD1 and TXNRD2 were not interchangeable. exposure: Sulforaphane, sodium selenite, combined treatment and pathway inhibitors evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/12663510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "95f1de031ede41aa12f975dff28193dcb426465d4bda94bb84d4e60ef6c292b9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1535, "text_sha256": "95f1de031ede41aa12f975dff28193dcb426465d4bda94bb84d4e60ef6c292b9"} [sulforaphane-p12663510] Synergy between sulforaphane and selenium in the induction of thioredoxin reductase 1 requires both transcriptional and translational modulation. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12663510/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/24.3.497
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Selenite increased TXNRD1 protein 2.1-fold and activity 4.8-fold without increasing its mRNA.

    Selenite ion → Human TXNRD1 protein abundance source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/12663510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "95f1de031ede41aa12f975dff28193dcb426465d4bda94bb84d4e60ef6c292b9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1535, "text_sha256": "95f1de031ede41aa12f975dff28193dcb426465d4bda94bb84d4e60ef6c292b9"}
    experimental_model
    Transcription/translation and inhibitor experiments
    exposure
    Sulforaphane, sodium selenite, combined treatment and pathway inhibitors
    limitations
    Cell-culture synergy at specified exposures is not a clinical supplement recommendation; TXNRD1 and TXNRD2 were not interchangeable.
    nutrient_topic
    Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Sulforaphane / SFN, stereochemistry specified per study
    organism
    Human HepG2 hepatoma cells
    plain_language
    Selenium supported an increase at the protein-production level.
    primary_references
    [sulforaphane-p12663510] Synergy between sulforaphane and selenium in the induction of thioredoxin reductase 1 requires both transcriptional and translational modulation. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12663510/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/24.3.497
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Thioredoxin reductase regulation

    Sulforaphane: formation, electrophile sensing and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 710–721

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transcription/translation and inhibitor experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### sulforaphane-selenite-translation Selenite increased TXNRD1 protein 2.1-fold and activity 4.8-fold without increasing its mRNA. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Selenium supported an increase at the protein-production level. organism: Human HepG2 hepatoma cells tissue_or_cell_type: Thioredoxin reductase regulation experimental_model: Transcription/translation and inhibitor experiments limitations: Cell-culture synergy at specified exposures is not a clinical supplement recommendation; TXNRD1 and TXNRD2 were not interchangeable. exposure: Sulforaphane, sodium selenite, combined treatment and pathway inhibitors evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/12663510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "95f1de031ede41aa12f975dff28193dcb426465d4bda94bb84d4e60ef6c292b9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1535, "text_sha256": "95f1de031ede41aa12f975dff28193dcb426465d4bda94bb84d4e60ef6c292b9"} [sulforaphane-p12663510] Synergy between sulforaphane and selenium in the induction of thioredoxin reductase 1 requires both transcriptional and translational modulation. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12663510/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/24.3.497
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Combined sulforaphane and selenite protected HepG2 cells against paraquat-induced death, whereas either alone had little or no protection.

    Sulforaphane plus selenite, study-specific combination → HepG2 survival after paraquat challenge source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/12663510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "95f1de031ede41aa12f975dff28193dcb426465d4bda94bb84d4e60ef6c292b9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1535, "text_sha256": "95f1de031ede41aa12f975dff28193dcb426465d4bda94bb84d4e60ef6c292b9"}
    experimental_model
    Transcription/translation and inhibitor experiments
    exposure
    Sulforaphane, sodium selenite, combined treatment and pathway inhibitors
    limitations
    Cell-culture synergy at specified exposures is not a clinical supplement recommendation; TXNRD1 and TXNRD2 were not interchangeable.
    nutrient_topic
    Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Sulforaphane / SFN, stereochemistry specified per study
    organism
    Human HepG2 hepatoma cells
    plain_language
    A measured combination effect occurred in this specific injury model.
    primary_references
    [sulforaphane-p12663510] Synergy between sulforaphane and selenium in the induction of thioredoxin reductase 1 requires both transcriptional and translational modulation. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12663510/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/24.3.497
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Thioredoxin reductase regulation

    Sulforaphane: formation, electrophile sensing and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 749–760

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transcription/translation and inhibitor experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### sulforaphane-paraquat-protection Combined sulforaphane and selenite protected HepG2 cells against paraquat-induced death, whereas either alone had little or no protection. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A measured combination effect occurred in this specific injury model. organism: Human HepG2 hepatoma cells tissue_or_cell_type: Thioredoxin reductase regulation experimental_model: Transcription/translation and inhibitor experiments limitations: Cell-culture synergy at specified exposures is not a clinical supplement recommendation; TXNRD1 and TXNRD2 were not interchangeable. exposure: Sulforaphane, sodium selenite, combined treatment and pathway inhibitors evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/12663510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "95f1de031ede41aa12f975dff28193dcb426465d4bda94bb84d4e60ef6c292b9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1535, "text_sha256": "95f1de031ede41aa12f975dff28193dcb426465d4bda94bb84d4e60ef6c292b9"} [sulforaphane-p12663510] Synergy between sulforaphane and selenium in the induction of thioredoxin reductase 1 requires both transcriptional and translational modulation. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12663510/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/24.3.497
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Combined treatment increased TXNRD1 protein 5.5-fold, activity 13-fold and mRNA 6.5-fold in HepG2 cells.

    Sulforaphane plus selenite, study-specific combination → Human TXNRD1 enzyme activity source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/12663510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "95f1de031ede41aa12f975dff28193dcb426465d4bda94bb84d4e60ef6c292b9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1535, "text_sha256": "95f1de031ede41aa12f975dff28193dcb426465d4bda94bb84d4e60ef6c292b9"}
    experimental_model
    Transcription/translation and inhibitor experiments
    exposure
    Sulforaphane, sodium selenite, combined treatment and pathway inhibitors
    limitations
    Cell-culture synergy at specified exposures is not a clinical supplement recommendation; TXNRD1 and TXNRD2 were not interchangeable.
    nutrient_topic
    Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Sulforaphane / SFN, stereochemistry specified per study
    organism
    Human HepG2 hepatoma cells
    plain_language
    Gene expression and enzyme production can combine to produce a larger response.
    primary_references
    [sulforaphane-p12663510] Synergy between sulforaphane and selenium in the induction of thioredoxin reductase 1 requires both transcriptional and translational modulation. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12663510/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/24.3.497
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Thioredoxin reductase regulation

    Sulforaphane: formation, electrophile sensing and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 736–747

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transcription/translation and inhibitor experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### sulforaphane-selenium-sfn-synergy Combined treatment increased TXNRD1 protein 5.5-fold, activity 13-fold and mRNA 6.5-fold in HepG2 cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Gene expression and enzyme production can combine to produce a larger response. organism: Human HepG2 hepatoma cells tissue_or_cell_type: Thioredoxin reductase regulation experimental_model: Transcription/translation and inhibitor experiments limitations: Cell-culture synergy at specified exposures is not a clinical supplement recommendation; TXNRD1 and TXNRD2 were not interchangeable. exposure: Sulforaphane, sodium selenite, combined treatment and pathway inhibitors evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/12663510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "95f1de031ede41aa12f975dff28193dcb426465d4bda94bb84d4e60ef6c292b9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1535, "text_sha256": "95f1de031ede41aa12f975dff28193dcb426465d4bda94bb84d4e60ef6c292b9"} [sulforaphane-p12663510] Synergy between sulforaphane and selenium in the induction of thioredoxin reductase 1 requires both transcriptional and translational modulation. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12663510/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/24.3.497
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Sulforaphane increased TXNRD1 mRNA up to fourfold; TXNRD2 mRNA did not show this induction.

    Sulforaphane / SFN, stereochemistry specified per study → Human TXNRD1 mRNA abundance source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/12663510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "95f1de031ede41aa12f975dff28193dcb426465d4bda94bb84d4e60ef6c292b9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1535, "text_sha256": "95f1de031ede41aa12f975dff28193dcb426465d4bda94bb84d4e60ef6c292b9"}
    experimental_model
    Transcription/translation and inhibitor experiments
    exposure
    Sulforaphane, sodium selenite, combined treatment and pathway inhibitors
    limitations
    Cell-culture synergy at specified exposures is not a clinical supplement recommendation; TXNRD1 and TXNRD2 were not interchangeable.
    nutrient_topic
    Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Sulforaphane / SFN, stereochemistry specified per study
    organism
    Human HepG2 hepatoma cells
    plain_language
    One cytosolic enzyme gene responded while the mitochondrial counterpart did not.
    primary_references
    [sulforaphane-p12663510] Synergy between sulforaphane and selenium in the induction of thioredoxin reductase 1 requires both transcriptional and translational modulation. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12663510/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/24.3.497
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Thioredoxin reductase regulation

    Sulforaphane: formation, electrophile sensing and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 697–708

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Transcription/translation and inhibitor experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### sulforaphane-txnrd1-transcription Sulforaphane increased TXNRD1 mRNA up to fourfold; TXNRD2 mRNA did not show this induction. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Sulforaphane research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: One cytosolic enzyme gene responded while the mitochondrial counterpart did not. organism: Human HepG2 hepatoma cells tissue_or_cell_type: Thioredoxin reductase regulation experimental_model: Transcription/translation and inhibitor experiments limitations: Cell-culture synergy at specified exposures is not a clinical supplement recommendation; TXNRD1 and TXNRD2 were not interchangeable. exposure: Sulforaphane, sodium selenite, combined treatment and pathway inhibitors evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/sulforaphane-research/12663510.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "95f1de031ede41aa12f975dff28193dcb426465d4bda94bb84d4e60ef6c292b9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1535, "text_sha256": "95f1de031ede41aa12f975dff28193dcb426465d4bda94bb84d4e60ef6c292b9"} [sulforaphane-p12663510] Synergy between sulforaphane and selenium in the induction of thioredoxin reductase 1 requires both transcriptional and translational modulation. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12663510/ DOI: 10.1093/carcin/24.3.497
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards