Component
Rat carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase / Slc25a20
Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.
3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What it acts on
Purified rat mitochondrial CACT reconstituted into liposomes exchanged carnitine and transported acylcarnitines of several chain lengths.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract
- experimental_model
- Recombinant rat carrier and proteoliposomes.
- limitations
- Transport reconstitution is not a human flux measurement.
- nutrient_topic
- L-Carnitine collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · L-Carnitine
- plain_language
- A separate carrier moves the loaded molecule across the inner membrane.
- primary_references
- Bacterial overexpression, purification, and reconstitution of the carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier from rat liver mitochondria. · 1998 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9731180/ · DOI 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9197
L-Carnitine: synthesis, acyl-group transport, fuel selection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19) · lines 98–104
AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant rat carrier and proteoliposomes. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## l-carnitine-cact-exchange A separate carrier moves the loaded molecule across the inner membrane. Purified rat mitochondrial CACT reconstituted into liposomes exchanged carnitine and transported acylcarnitines of several chain lengths. Model: Recombinant rat carrier and proteoliposomes. Limitations: Transport reconstitution is not a human flux measurement. Evidence access: Primary abstract Bacterial overexpression, purification, and reconstitution of the carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier from rat liver mitochondria. · 1998 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9731180/ · DOI 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9197
Complete structured claim and evidence
Where it participates (unsigned role)
Copper inhibited rat-liver CACT carnitine exchange in proteoliposomes, with a native-protein IC50 of 1.6 micromolar.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract
- experimental_model
- Native rat-liver carrier; recombinant cysteine mutants supported involvement of C136 and C155.
- limitations
- Free copper in an assay is not dietary copper exposure; no clinical deficiency or toxicity threshold follows.
- nutrient_topic
- L-Carnitine collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · L-Carnitine
- plain_language
- Metal exposure can interfere with the carrier in a controlled assay.
- primary_references
- Effect of Copper on the Mitochondrial Carnitine/Acylcarnitine Carrier Via Interaction with Cys136 and Cys155. Possible Implications in Pathophysiology. · 2020 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32070004/ · DOI 10.3390/molecules25040820
L-Carnitine: synthesis, acyl-group transport, fuel selection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19) · lines 138–144
AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Native rat-liver carrier; recombinant cysteine mutants supported involvement of C136 and C155. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## l-carnitine-copper-carrier Metal exposure can interfere with the carrier in a controlled assay. Copper inhibited rat-liver CACT carnitine exchange in proteoliposomes, with a native-protein IC50 of 1.6 micromolar. Model: Native rat-liver carrier; recombinant cysteine mutants supported involvement of C136 and C155. Limitations: Free copper in an assay is not dietary copper exposure; no clinical deficiency or toxicity threshold follows. Evidence access: Primary abstract Effect of Copper on the Mitochondrial Carnitine/Acylcarnitine Carrier Via Interaction with Cys136 and Cys155. Possible Implications in Pathophysiology. · 2020 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32070004/ · DOI 10.3390/molecules25040820
Complete structured claim and evidenceAdding reduced glutathione reversed copper inhibition of the reconstituted native rat carnitine-acylcarnitine carrier.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract
- experimental_model
- Rat-liver CACT proteoliposome assay.
- limitations
- Does not demonstrate oral glutathione-carnitine synergy.
- nutrient_topic
- L-Carnitine collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · L-Carnitine
- plain_language
- The redox environment can change whether the carrier works.
- primary_references
- Effect of Copper on the Mitochondrial Carnitine/Acylcarnitine Carrier Via Interaction with Cys136 and Cys155. Possible Implications in Pathophysiology. · 2020 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32070004/ · DOI 10.3390/molecules25040820
L-Carnitine: synthesis, acyl-group transport, fuel selection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19) · lines 146–152
AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Rat-liver CACT proteoliposome assay. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## l-carnitine-gsh-carrier The redox environment can change whether the carrier works. Adding reduced glutathione reversed copper inhibition of the reconstituted native rat carnitine-acylcarnitine carrier. Model: Rat-liver CACT proteoliposome assay. Limitations: Does not demonstrate oral glutathione-carnitine synergy. Evidence access: Primary abstract Effect of Copper on the Mitochondrial Carnitine/Acylcarnitine Carrier Via Interaction with Cys136 and Cys155. Possible Implications in Pathophysiology. · 2020 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32070004/ · DOI 10.3390/molecules25040820
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.