Component

Pyridoxamine

Unphosphorylated aminomethyl B6 vitamer. Pyridoxamine

3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. Polarized Caco-2 cells supplied apically with PM generated PL and released more PL basolaterally than apically.

    Pyridoxamine → Pyridoxal source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_location
    Results: Incubation with pyridoxamine; Figure 4
    experimental_model
    Polarized human Caco-2 monolayers; human intestinal lysates.
    exposure
    100 or 1000 nM PM; 6-48 h.
    limitations
    Vitamer measurements establish net conversion; individual enzyme fluxes were not separately perturbed.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin B6 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin B6
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Enterocytes can process a precursor before releasing pyridoxal.
    primary_references
    [albersen2013] The intestine plays a substantial role in human vitamin B6 metabolism: a Caco-2 cell model. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23342087/ DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054113
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Polarized Caco-2 monolayers

    Vitamin B6: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 137–148

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Polarized human Caco-2 monolayers; human intestinal lysates. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b6-transport-enterocyte-pm-to-pl Polarized Caco-2 cells supplied apically with PM generated PL and released more PL basolaterally than apically. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin B6 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Enterocytes can process a precursor before releasing pyridoxal. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Polarized Caco-2 monolayers experimental_model: Polarized human Caco-2 monolayers; human intestinal lysates. limitations: Vitamer measurements establish net conversion; individual enzyme fluxes were not separately perturbed. exposure: 100 or 1000 nM PM; 6-48 h. evidence_location: Results: Incubation with pyridoxamine; Figure 4 [albersen2013] The intestine plays a substantial role in human vitamin B6 metabolism: a Caco-2 cell model. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23342087/ DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054113
    Complete structured claim and evidence

What acts on it

  1. Purified recombinant human PDXK phosphorylated pyridoxamine to its corresponding 5-prime phosphate.

    Pyridoxal kinase / PDXK → Pyridoxamine source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_location
    Indexed abstract and publisher abstract; human enzyme findings only
    experimental_model
    Purified recombinant human and E. coli pyridoxal kinases.
    exposure
    Purified-enzyme substrate kinetics.
    limitations
    Model-specific evidence; no dietary threshold or treatment benefit established.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin B6 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin B6
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    PDXK adds phosphate to this B6 precursor.
    primary_references
    [disalvo2004] Expression, purification, and kinetic constants for human and Escherichia coli pyridoxal kinases. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15249053/ DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2004.04.021
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Purified human enzyme

    Vitamin B6: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 176–187

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified recombinant human and E. coli pyridoxal kinases. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b6-transport-pdxk-pm Purified recombinant human PDXK phosphorylated pyridoxamine to its corresponding 5-prime phosphate. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin B6 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: PDXK adds phosphate to this B6 precursor. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Purified human enzyme experimental_model: Purified recombinant human and E. coli pyridoxal kinases. limitations: Model-specific evidence; no dietary threshold or treatment benefit established. exposure: Purified-enzyme substrate kinetics. evidence_location: Indexed abstract and publisher abstract; human enzyme findings only [disalvo2004] Expression, purification, and kinetic constants for human and Escherichia coli pyridoxal kinases. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15249053/ DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2004.04.021
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, PLP and PMP did not reduce viability in the tested 24-hour cell assay.

    PLP → SH-SY5Y cell viability by MTT source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    experimental_model
    Differentiated human SH-SY5Y and CaCo-2 cells; isolated enzyme assays
    exposure
    Comparators 0-500 micromolar for 24 hours.
    exposure-class
    Experimental excess pyridoxine; not dietary B6 deficiency · Pyridoxine
    limitations
    A negative short-term cell assay proves neither universal safety nor equivalent toxicity.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin B6 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin B6
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    The tested B6 forms behaved differently in this assay.
    primary_references
    [vrolijk-2017-pn] The vitamin B6 paradox: Supplementation with high concentrations of pyridoxine leads to decreased vitamin B6 function (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2017.07.009 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.07.009
    tissue_or_cell_type
    SH-SY5Y and CaCo-2 cells

    Vitamin B6: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1245–1256

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Differentiated human SH-SY5Y and CaCo-2 cells; isolated enzyme assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### b6-neuro-pn-vitamer-specificity Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, PLP and PMP did not reduce viability in the tested 24-hour cell assay. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin B6 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The tested B6 forms behaved differently in this assay. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: SH-SY5Y and CaCo-2 cells experimental_model: Differentiated human SH-SY5Y and CaCo-2 cells; isolated enzyme assays limitations: A negative short-term cell assay proves neither universal safety nor equivalent toxicity. exposure: Comparators 0-500 micromolar for 24 hours. exposure-class: Experimental excess pyridoxine; not dietary B6 deficiency [vrolijk-2017-pn] The vitamin B6 paradox: Supplementation with high concentrations of pyridoxine leads to decreased vitamin B6 function (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2017.07.009 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.07.009
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards