Component

Hypothermia induced by physical means such as an ice pad or cold fluid

Hypothermia induced by physical means such as an ice pad or cold fluid. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

5 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

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How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

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Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

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What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. Combination therapy of low-dose dihydrocapsaicin and an ice pad significantly improved every measured outcome compared with monotherapies, achieving hypothermia faster by 28.6% than the ice pad, 350% than low-dose dihydrocapsaicin and 200% than high-dose dihydrocapsaicin alone, reducing neurological deficits by 63% against 26% with low-dose alone, reducing reactive oxygen species at 6 and 24 hours, increasing ATP by 42.9% against 25%, and decreasing apoptotic cell death by 48.5% against 24.9%.

    Hypothermia induced by a drug rather than by physical cooling → Hypothermia induced by physical means such as an ice pad or cold fluid source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/dihydrocapsaicin-research/30090648.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e688b4cd16fdd3847d8fe10113d243edf17839f32bef46fe85790a18ad6b920c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2110, "text_sha256": "e688b4cd16fdd3847d8fe10113d243edf17839f32bef46fe85790a18ad6b920c"}
    experimental_model
    Randomised seven-group study in 144 male Sprague Dawley rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion
    exposure
    Low-dose dihydrocapsaicin at 0.5 mg/kg or high-dose at 1.5 mg/kg, an ice pad at 31 degrees, and the combination, with an external-temperature-control arm
    limitations
    A large randomised design with a dose-response surprise: the high dose alone did nothing while the low dose worked. That non-monotonicity is recorded because it contradicts the simple dose-response in the other records.
    nutrient_topic
    Dihydrocapsaicin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and dihydrocapsaicin is recorded separately from capsaicin. · Dihydrocapsaicin
    organism
    Rat
    plain_language
    Drug plus ice pack cooled faster and protected better than either on its own.
    primary_references
    [dhc-p30090648] Synergistically Induced Hypothermia and Enhanced Neuroprotection by Pharmacological and Physical Approaches in Stroke. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30090648/ DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0817
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Brain

    Dihydrocapsaicin: the second capsaicinoid, the hypothermia it is used to induce, what the gut and liver do to it, and what it does without TRPV1 (2026-09-21) · lines 335–346

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomised seven-group study in 144 male Sprague Dawley rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### dhc-combination-beats-either Combination therapy of low-dose dihydrocapsaicin and an ice pad significantly improved every measured outcome compared with monotherapies, achieving hypothermia faster by 28.6% than the ice pad, 350% than low-dose dihydrocapsaicin and 200% than high-dose dihydrocapsaicin alone, reducing neurological deficits by 63% against 26% with low-dose alone, reducing reactive oxygen species at 6 and 24 hours, increasing ATP by 42.9% against 25%, and decreasing apoptotic cell death by 48.5% against 24.9%. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Dihydrocapsaicin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and dihydrocapsaicin is recorded separately from capsaicin. plain_language: Drug plus ice pack cooled faster and protected better than either on its own. organism: Rat tissue_or_cell_type: Brain experimental_model: Randomised seven-group study in 144 male Sprague Dawley rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion limitations: A large randomised design with a dose-response surprise: the high dose alone did nothing while the low dose worked. That non-monotonicity is recorded because it contradicts the simple dose-response in the other records. exposure: Low-dose dihydrocapsaicin at 0.5 mg/kg or high-dose at 1.5 mg/kg, an ice pad at 31 degrees, and the combination, with an external-temperature-control arm evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/dihydrocapsaicin-research/30090648.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e688b4cd16fdd3847d8fe10113d243edf17839f32bef46fe85790a18ad6b920c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2110, "text_sha256": "e688b4cd16fdd3847d8fe10113d243edf17839f32bef46fe85790a18ad6b920c"} [dhc-p30090648] Synergistically Induced Hypothermia and Enhanced Neuroprotection by Pharmacological and Physical Approaches in Stroke. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30090648/ DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0817
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. In a rat model of cervical spinal cord injury, dihydrocapsaicin reliably induced systemic cooling to 32 to 33 degrees, and at both 48 hours and 6 weeks the two modes of hypothermia yielded similar improvements in neurological function and lesion size compared with normothermic controls, indicating that dihydrocapsaicin-induced hypothermia may be comparable with physical hypothermia in efficacy but more clinically feasible to administer.

    Dihydrocapsaicin → Hypothermia induced by physical means such as an ice pad or cold fluid source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/dihydrocapsaicin-research/35675523.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "be32dc3c18b06ec73979a729e98459c00fb147186da0b9601fb1a8e96586fccf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1650, "text_sha256": "be32dc3c18b06ec73979a729e98459c00fb147186da0b9601fb1a8e96586fccf"}
    experimental_model
    Blinded rat cervical spinal cord injury study with telemetry and histopathology at 48 hours and 6 weeks
    exposure
    Intravenous dihydrocapsaicin totalling about 0.60 mg/kg begun after a 4 hour delay, against physical cooling, both to 33 degrees for 4 hours
    limitations
    A head-to-head against physical cooling with blinded assessment at two timepoints. It shows equivalence, not superiority, which is what the authors claim.
    nutrient_topic
    Dihydrocapsaicin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and dihydrocapsaicin is recorded separately from capsaicin. · Dihydrocapsaicin
    organism
    Rat
    plain_language
    The drug worked about as well as packing the animal in cold fluid, and is easier to give.
    primary_references
    [dhc-p35675523] A Direct Comparison of Physical Versus Dihydrocapsaicin-Induced Hypothermia in a Rat Model of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35675523/ DOI: 10.1089/ther.2021.0013
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Cervical spinal cord

    Dihydrocapsaicin: the second capsaicinoid, the hypothermia it is used to induce, what the gut and liver do to it, and what it does without TRPV1 (2026-09-21) · lines 452–463

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Blinded rat cervical spinal cord injury study with telemetry and histopathology at 48 hours and 6 weeks · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### dhc-matches-physical-cooling In a rat model of cervical spinal cord injury, dihydrocapsaicin reliably induced systemic cooling to 32 to 33 degrees, and at both 48 hours and 6 weeks the two modes of hypothermia yielded similar improvements in neurological function and lesion size compared with normothermic controls, indicating that dihydrocapsaicin-induced hypothermia may be comparable with physical hypothermia in efficacy but more clinically feasible to administer. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Dihydrocapsaicin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and dihydrocapsaicin is recorded separately from capsaicin. plain_language: The drug worked about as well as packing the animal in cold fluid, and is easier to give. organism: Rat tissue_or_cell_type: Cervical spinal cord experimental_model: Blinded rat cervical spinal cord injury study with telemetry and histopathology at 48 hours and 6 weeks limitations: A head-to-head against physical cooling with blinded assessment at two timepoints. It shows equivalence, not superiority, which is what the authors claim. exposure: Intravenous dihydrocapsaicin totalling about 0.60 mg/kg begun after a 4 hour delay, against physical cooling, both to 33 degrees for 4 hours evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/dihydrocapsaicin-research/35675523.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "be32dc3c18b06ec73979a729e98459c00fb147186da0b9601fb1a8e96586fccf", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1650, "text_sha256": "be32dc3c18b06ec73979a729e98459c00fb147186da0b9601fb1a8e96586fccf"} [dhc-p35675523] A Direct Comparison of Physical Versus Dihydrocapsaicin-Induced Hypothermia in a Rat Model of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35675523/ DOI: 10.1089/ther.2021.0013
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Neurological deficit scores in the dihydrocapsaicin group were significantly higher than in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation and body surface cooling groups, and there were significantly fewer apoptotic cells in the dihydrocapsaicin and body surface cooling groups than in the resuscitation group.

    Dihydrocapsaicin → Apoptotic cell death source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/dihydrocapsaicin-research/29035676.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "bb8f6fadb6a90a5afbd08a767fde07137140f2bf8cc536207ca8619e4168bf98", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2035, "text_sha256": "bb8f6fadb6a90a5afbd08a767fde07137140f2bf8cc536207ca8619e4168bf98"}
    experimental_model
    Four-group asphyxia arrest study in 24 male Sprague Dawley rats with immunohistochemistry and tissue assays
    exposure
    Dihydrocapsaicin against cardiopulmonary resuscitation alone and against body surface cooling
    limitations
    Proposes the central mechanism and measures each step, but with six animals per group and immunohistochemical rather than functional readouts.
    nutrient_topic
    Dihydrocapsaicin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and dihydrocapsaicin is recorded separately from capsaicin. · Dihydrocapsaicin
    organism
    Rat
    plain_language
    Fewer brain cells died, by about as much as physical cooling achieved.
    primary_references
    [dhc-p29035676] The Molecular Mechanism and Neuroprotective Effect of Dihydrocapsaicin-Induced Mild Hypothermia After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Rats. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29035676/ DOI: 10.1089/ther.2017.0032
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Hypothalamus, ventral septum and cerebral cortex

    Dihydrocapsaicin: the second capsaicinoid, the hypothermia it is used to induce, what the gut and liver do to it, and what it does without TRPV1 (2026-09-21) · lines 439–450

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Four-group asphyxia arrest study in 24 male Sprague Dawley rats with immunohistochemistry and tissue assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### dhc-fewer-apoptotic-cells Neurological deficit scores in the dihydrocapsaicin group were significantly higher than in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation and body surface cooling groups, and there were significantly fewer apoptotic cells in the dihydrocapsaicin and body surface cooling groups than in the resuscitation group. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Dihydrocapsaicin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and dihydrocapsaicin is recorded separately from capsaicin. plain_language: Fewer brain cells died, by about as much as physical cooling achieved. organism: Rat tissue_or_cell_type: Hypothalamus, ventral septum and cerebral cortex experimental_model: Four-group asphyxia arrest study in 24 male Sprague Dawley rats with immunohistochemistry and tissue assays limitations: Proposes the central mechanism and measures each step, but with six animals per group and immunohistochemical rather than functional readouts. exposure: Dihydrocapsaicin against cardiopulmonary resuscitation alone and against body surface cooling evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/dihydrocapsaicin-research/29035676.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "bb8f6fadb6a90a5afbd08a767fde07137140f2bf8cc536207ca8619e4168bf98", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2035, "text_sha256": "bb8f6fadb6a90a5afbd08a767fde07137140f2bf8cc536207ca8619e4168bf98"} [dhc-p29035676] The Molecular Mechanism and Neuroprotective Effect of Dihydrocapsaicin-Induced Mild Hypothermia After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Rats. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29035676/ DOI: 10.1089/ther.2017.0032
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. No effect was observed when using the ice pad alone or high-dose dihydrocapsaicin at 1.5 mg/kg alone, while low-dose dihydrocapsaicin at 0.5 mg/kg reduced neurological deficits by 26%.

    Dihydrocapsaicin → Neurological deficit score source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/dihydrocapsaicin-research/30090648.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e688b4cd16fdd3847d8fe10113d243edf17839f32bef46fe85790a18ad6b920c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2110, "text_sha256": "e688b4cd16fdd3847d8fe10113d243edf17839f32bef46fe85790a18ad6b920c"}
    experimental_model
    Randomised seven-group study in 144 male Sprague Dawley rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion
    exposure
    Low-dose dihydrocapsaicin at 0.5 mg/kg or high-dose at 1.5 mg/kg, an ice pad at 31 degrees, and the combination, with an external-temperature-control arm
    limitations
    A large randomised design with a dose-response surprise: the high dose alone did nothing while the low dose worked. That non-monotonicity is recorded because it contradicts the simple dose-response in the other records.
    nutrient_topic
    Dihydrocapsaicin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and dihydrocapsaicin is recorded separately from capsaicin. · Dihydrocapsaicin
    organism
    Rat
    plain_language
    Tripling the dose did not help and in this design the higher dose alone did nothing at all.
    primary_references
    [dhc-p30090648] Synergistically Induced Hypothermia and Enhanced Neuroprotection by Pharmacological and Physical Approaches in Stroke. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30090648/ DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0817
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Brain

    Dihydrocapsaicin: the second capsaicinoid, the hypothermia it is used to induce, what the gut and liver do to it, and what it does without TRPV1 (2026-09-21) · lines 348–359

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomised seven-group study in 144 male Sprague Dawley rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### dhc-high-dose-alone-failed No effect was observed when using the ice pad alone or high-dose dihydrocapsaicin at 1.5 mg/kg alone, while low-dose dihydrocapsaicin at 0.5 mg/kg reduced neurological deficits by 26%. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Dihydrocapsaicin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and dihydrocapsaicin is recorded separately from capsaicin. plain_language: Tripling the dose did not help and in this design the higher dose alone did nothing at all. organism: Rat tissue_or_cell_type: Brain experimental_model: Randomised seven-group study in 144 male Sprague Dawley rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion limitations: A large randomised design with a dose-response surprise: the high dose alone did nothing while the low dose worked. That non-monotonicity is recorded because it contradicts the simple dose-response in the other records. exposure: Low-dose dihydrocapsaicin at 0.5 mg/kg or high-dose at 1.5 mg/kg, an ice pad at 31 degrees, and the combination, with an external-temperature-control arm evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/dihydrocapsaicin-research/30090648.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e688b4cd16fdd3847d8fe10113d243edf17839f32bef46fe85790a18ad6b920c", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2110, "text_sha256": "e688b4cd16fdd3847d8fe10113d243edf17839f32bef46fe85790a18ad6b920c"} [dhc-p30090648] Synergistically Induced Hypothermia and Enhanced Neuroprotection by Pharmacological and Physical Approaches in Stroke. (2018). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30090648/ DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0817
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. In conscious mice exposed to cooling at 10 degrees, TRPV1 activation by dihydrocapsaicin substantially suppressed total electromyographic muscle activity from 25.6 to 5.1 volt-seconds per minute, abolished the tachycardic response with heart rate change falling from 204 to 3 beats per minute, and produced a profound drop in core temperature from -2.2 to -8.9 degrees.

    Dihydrocapsaicin → The cold-defence response that opposes induced cooling source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/dihydrocapsaicin-research/24005250.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e9d99ac4cc7a031474975ac4d7f3bcff0df922dc01047fe94bd51817ef5b3fea", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1963, "text_sha256": "e9d99ac4cc7a031474975ac4d7f3bcff0df922dc01047fe94bd51817ef5b3fea"}
    experimental_model
    Conscious mice exposed to 10 degree cooling with implanted electromyography electrodes, electrocardiography and abdominal temperature transmitters
    exposure
    TRPV1 agonist dihydrocapsaicin or TRPM8 inhibitor compound 5, with TRPM8 knockout mice as a control
    limitations
    This is the record that explains why the drug is clinically interesting rather than merely cooling: it removes the defence that makes physical cooling intolerable in a conscious patient.
    nutrient_topic
    Dihydrocapsaicin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and dihydrocapsaicin is recorded separately from capsaicin. · Dihydrocapsaicin
    organism
    Mouse
    plain_language
    It switches off the shivering and racing heart that normally fight off cooling, so the temperature falls much further.
    primary_references
    [dhc-p24005250] Shivering and tachycardic responses to external cooling in mice are substantially suppressed by TRPV1 activation but not by TRPM8 inhibition. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24005250/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00296.2013
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Back muscle, heart and core

    Dihydrocapsaicin: the second capsaicinoid, the hypothermia it is used to induce, what the gut and liver do to it, and what it does without TRPV1 (2026-09-21) · lines 244–255

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Conscious mice exposed to 10 degree cooling with implanted electromyography electrodes, electrocardiography and abdominal temperature transmitters · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### dhc-suppresses-cold-defence In conscious mice exposed to cooling at 10 degrees, TRPV1 activation by dihydrocapsaicin substantially suppressed total electromyographic muscle activity from 25.6 to 5.1 volt-seconds per minute, abolished the tachycardic response with heart rate change falling from 204 to 3 beats per minute, and produced a profound drop in core temperature from -2.2 to -8.9 degrees. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Dihydrocapsaicin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and dihydrocapsaicin is recorded separately from capsaicin. plain_language: It switches off the shivering and racing heart that normally fight off cooling, so the temperature falls much further. organism: Mouse tissue_or_cell_type: Back muscle, heart and core experimental_model: Conscious mice exposed to 10 degree cooling with implanted electromyography electrodes, electrocardiography and abdominal temperature transmitters limitations: This is the record that explains why the drug is clinically interesting rather than merely cooling: it removes the defence that makes physical cooling intolerable in a conscious patient. exposure: TRPV1 agonist dihydrocapsaicin or TRPM8 inhibitor compound 5, with TRPM8 knockout mice as a control evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/dihydrocapsaicin-research/24005250.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e9d99ac4cc7a031474975ac4d7f3bcff0df922dc01047fe94bd51817ef5b3fea", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1963, "text_sha256": "e9d99ac4cc7a031474975ac4d7f3bcff0df922dc01047fe94bd51817ef5b3fea"} [dhc-p24005250] Shivering and tachycardic responses to external cooling in mice are substantially suppressed by TRPV1 activation but not by TRPM8 inhibition. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24005250/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00296.2013
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

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