Component

Phosphoenolpyruvate / PEP

4 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. DAHP synthase combines PEP and erythrose-4-phosphate into DAHP.

    Phosphoenolpyruvate / PEP → 3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate / DAHP source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text retrieved; relevant methods/results/figures reviewed. Selective extraction, not raw-data reanalysis or exhaustive supplemental extraction. Primary correction read: duplicated Fig. 7 and incorrect panel reference corrected; not a retraction.
    experimental_model
    Escherichia coli biochemical pathway; source-specific enzyme evidence recorded in the passage.
    interpretation_status
    Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.
    limitations
    Interpret only within the recorded preparation, exposure and comparator. The complete source passage retains qualifications; unspecified doses/timing have not been extracted here. No clinical efficacy, nutrient deficiency or unique molecular mediation is inferred.
    plain_language
    DAHP synthase combines PEP and erythrose-4-phosphate into DAHP.
    primary_references
    Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for shikimate pathway derivative production from glucose-xylose co-substrate. | 2020 | DOI 10.1038/s41467-019-14024-1 | PMID 31937786 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31937786/ | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14024-1 | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6959354/
    primary_references
    Publisher correction to metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for shikimate pathway derivative production | 2020 | DOI 10.1038/s41467-020-14710-5 | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-14710-5
    source_locator
    Reviewed reference lines 9-9; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.

    Shikimic acid: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 5 October 2026) · lines 9–9

    Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication. · supports · Escherichia coli biochemical pathway; source-specific enzyme evidence recorded in the passage. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    **Carbon entry: DAHP formation.** The E. coli pathway map joins phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and erythrose-4-phosphate (E4P) through DAHP synthase to form 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP), releasing phosphate. These inputs connect central carbon metabolism to aromatic biosynthesis. The cited engineering study provides pathway and flux-redistribution context; its diagram is not a new kinetic assay for every reaction. Its 2020 publisher correction replaces a duplicated Figure 7 and corrects its legend; the current corrected article is the reference. [Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for shikimate pathway derivative production from glucose-xylose co-substrate.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31937786/) [Publisher correction to metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for shikimate pathway derivative production](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-14710-5)
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. EPSPS uses PEP and shikimate-3-phosphate to produce EPSP and phosphate.

    Shikimate 3-phosphate → 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate / EPSP source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full-text HTML and indexed abstract reviewed for the stated results; archived locally.
    experimental_model
    Escherichia coli biochemical pathway; source-specific enzyme evidence recorded in the passage.
    interpretation_status
    Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.
    limitations
    Interpret only within the recorded preparation, exposure and comparator. The complete source passage retains qualifications; unspecified doses/timing have not been extracted here. No clinical efficacy, nutrient deficiency or unique molecular mediation is inferred.
    plain_language
    EPSPS uses PEP and shikimate-3-phosphate to produce EPSP and phosphate.
    primary_references
    Molecular basis for the herbicide resistance of Roundup Ready crops. | 2006 | DOI 10.1073/pnas.0603638103 | PMID 16916934 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16916934/ | https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603638103 | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1559744/
    source_locator
    Reviewed reference lines 17-17; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.

    Shikimic acid: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 5 October 2026) · lines 17–17

    Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication. · supports · Escherichia coli biochemical pathway; source-specific enzyme evidence recorded in the passage. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    **EPSPS uses a second PEP molecule.** E. coli EPSPS (AroA) transfers an enolpyruvyl group from a second PEP molecule to shikimate-3-phosphate, making 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) and phosphate. Glyphosate inhibits this enzyme by occupying the PEP-associated substrate site in the substrate-bound enzyme. Purified-enzyme IC50 estimates were about 2.5 µM for E. coli EPSPS and 11 mM for CP4 EPSPS. These are not interchangeable microbial-growth thresholds or human intestinal effect concentrations. Adding shikimate upstream does not remove the need for EPSPS downstream. [Molecular basis for the herbicide resistance of Roundup Ready crops.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16916934/)
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Glyphosate inhibited cp4-epsps with an approximate purified-enzyme IC50 of 11 millimolar.

    Glyphosate → Agrobacterium strain CP4 EPSP synthase source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full-text HTML and indexed abstract reviewed for the stated results; archived locally.
    experimental_contrast
    {"intervention": "Glyphosate titration", "comparator": "Enzyme without glyphosate", "endpoint": "Glyphosate inhibited cp4-epsps with an approximate purified-enzyme IC50 of 11 millimolar.", "effect_direction": "decrease", "combination": "single", "conditions": []} Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.
    experimental_model
    Purified enzyme comparison, Funke 2006.
    interpretation_status
    Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.
    limitations
    IC50 depends on assay conditions; not a growth threshold, dietary exposure limit or complete microbiome response.
    plain_language
    Glyphosate inhibited cp4-epsps with an approximate purified-enzyme IC50 of 11 millimolar.
    primary_references
    Molecular basis for the herbicide resistance of Roundup Ready crops. | 2006 | DOI 10.1073/pnas.0603638103 | PMID 16916934 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16916934/ | https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603638103 | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1559744/
    source_locator
    Reviewed reference lines 17-17; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.

    Shikimic acid: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 5 October 2026) · lines 17–17

    Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication. · supports · Purified enzyme comparison, Funke 2006. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    **EPSPS uses a second PEP molecule.** E. coli EPSPS (AroA) transfers an enolpyruvyl group from a second PEP molecule to shikimate-3-phosphate, making 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) and phosphate. Glyphosate inhibits this enzyme by occupying the PEP-associated substrate site in the substrate-bound enzyme. Purified-enzyme IC50 estimates were about 2.5 µM for E. coli EPSPS and 11 mM for CP4 EPSPS. These are not interchangeable microbial-growth thresholds or human intestinal effect concentrations. Adding shikimate upstream does not remove the need for EPSPS downstream. [Molecular basis for the herbicide resistance of Roundup Ready crops.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16916934/)
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Glyphosate inhibited ecoli-aroa with an approximate purified-enzyme IC50 of 2.5 micromolar.

    Glyphosate → Escherichia coli EPSP synthase / AroA source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full-text HTML and indexed abstract reviewed for the stated results; archived locally.
    experimental_contrast
    {"intervention": "Glyphosate titration", "comparator": "Enzyme without glyphosate", "endpoint": "Glyphosate inhibited ecoli-aroa with an approximate purified-enzyme IC50 of 2.5 micromolar.", "effect_direction": "decrease", "combination": "single", "conditions": []} Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.
    experimental_model
    Purified enzyme comparison, Funke 2006.
    interpretation_status
    Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.
    limitations
    IC50 depends on assay conditions; not a growth threshold, dietary exposure limit or complete microbiome response.
    plain_language
    Glyphosate inhibited ecoli-aroa with an approximate purified-enzyme IC50 of 2.5 micromolar.
    primary_references
    Molecular basis for the herbicide resistance of Roundup Ready crops. | 2006 | DOI 10.1073/pnas.0603638103 | PMID 16916934 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16916934/ | https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603638103 | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1559744/
    source_locator
    Reviewed reference lines 17-17; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.

    Shikimic acid: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 5 October 2026) · lines 17–17

    Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication. · supports · Purified enzyme comparison, Funke 2006. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    **EPSPS uses a second PEP molecule.** E. coli EPSPS (AroA) transfers an enolpyruvyl group from a second PEP molecule to shikimate-3-phosphate, making 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) and phosphate. Glyphosate inhibits this enzyme by occupying the PEP-associated substrate site in the substrate-bound enzyme. Purified-enzyme IC50 estimates were about 2.5 µM for E. coli EPSPS and 11 mM for CP4 EPSPS. These are not interchangeable microbial-growth thresholds or human intestinal effect concentrations. Adding shikimate upstream does not remove the need for EPSPS downstream. [Molecular basis for the herbicide resistance of Roundup Ready crops.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16916934/)
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.