Component

Monascin

Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.

5 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. Adding monascin increased hepatic AMPK phosphorylation in high-fat-diet-fed mice.

    Monascin → Mouse hepatic AMPK activity in the Monascus pigment study source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    C57BL/6 mouse liver; exposure dose not available in the accessed abstract.
    limitations
    Phosphorylation is not proof of direct AMPK binding or a demonstrated effect of every red yeast rice product.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    A pigment changed an energy-regulation signal in mice.
    primary_references
    [24275089] Monascin and ankaflavin act as natural AMPK activators with PPARα agonist activity to down-regulate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. · 2014 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24275089/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.015

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 204–210

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · C57BL/6 mouse liver; exposure dose not available in the accessed abstract. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-monascin-ampk A pigment changed an energy-regulation signal in mice. Adding monascin increased hepatic AMPK phosphorylation in high-fat-diet-fed mice. Model: C57BL/6 mouse liver; exposure dose not available in the accessed abstract. Limitations: Phosphorylation is not proof of direct AMPK binding or a demonstrated effect of every red yeast rice product. Evidence access: Primary abstract [24275089] Monascin and ankaflavin act as natural AMPK activators with PPARα agonist activity to down-regulate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. · 2014 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24275089/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.015
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Docking proposed monascin binding outside the catalytic center of the alpha-glucosidase model.

    Monascin → Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-glucosidase in the 2024 pigment assay source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text PMC11120408
    experimental_model
    Computational analysis accompanying enzyme kinetics.
    limitations
    No ligand-bound crystal structure or direct human-enzyme result follows.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    The proposed contact site remains a model.
    primary_references
    [38790873] Revealing the Hypoglycemic Effect of Red Yeast Rice: Perspectives from the Inhibition of α-Glucosidase and the Anti-Glycation Capability by Ankaflavin and Monascin. · 2024 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38790873/ · DOI 10.3390/foods13101573

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 300–306

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Computational analysis accompanying enzyme kinetics. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-monascin-docking The proposed contact site remains a model. Docking proposed monascin binding outside the catalytic center of the alpha-glucosidase model. Model: Computational analysis accompanying enzyme kinetics. Limitations: No ligand-bound crystal structure or direct human-enzyme result follows. Evidence access: Primary full text PMC11120408 [38790873] Revealing the Hypoglycemic Effect of Red Yeast Rice: Perspectives from the Inhibition of α-Glucosidase and the Anti-Glycation Capability by Ankaflavin and Monascin. · 2024 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38790873/ · DOI 10.3390/foods13101573
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Monascin inhibited yeast alpha-glucosidase with an IC50 of 302.6 micromolar and mixed-type kinetics.

    Monascin → Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-glucosidase in the 2024 pigment assay source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text PMC11120408
    experimental_model
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae enzyme, pNPG substrate, pH 6.8; one-hour preincubation and 30-minute reaction.
    limitations
    Yeast enzyme, not human intestinal maltase-glucoamylase or sucrase-isomaltase; potency is not clinical glucose lowering.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    The isolated pigment inhibited a carbohydrate-cleaving enzyme preparation.
    primary_references
    [38790873] Revealing the Hypoglycemic Effect of Red Yeast Rice: Perspectives from the Inhibition of α-Glucosidase and the Anti-Glycation Capability by Ankaflavin and Monascin. · 2024 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38790873/ · DOI 10.3390/foods13101573

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 292–298

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Saccharomyces cerevisiae enzyme, pNPG substrate, pH 6.8; one-hour preincubation and 30-minute reaction. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-monascin-glucosidase The isolated pigment inhibited a carbohydrate-cleaving enzyme preparation. Monascin inhibited yeast alpha-glucosidase with an IC50 of 302.6 micromolar and mixed-type kinetics. Model: Saccharomyces cerevisiae enzyme, pNPG substrate, pH 6.8; one-hour preincubation and 30-minute reaction. Limitations: Yeast enzyme, not human intestinal maltase-glucoamylase or sucrase-isomaltase; potency is not clinical glucose lowering. Evidence access: Primary full text PMC11120408 [38790873] Revealing the Hypoglycemic Effect of Red Yeast Rice: Perspectives from the Inhibition of α-Glucosidase and the Anti-Glycation Capability by Ankaflavin and Monascin. · 2024 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38790873/ · DOI 10.3390/foods13101573
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. Monascin increased hepatic PPAR-alpha expression and promoted a fatty-acid-oxidation program in the mouse study.

    Monascin → Mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha / Ppara source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    High-fat-diet C57BL/6 mice; related mouse FL83B hepatocyte experiments also reported.
    limitations
    The paper describes agonist activity; the accessed abstract does not resolve direct receptor affinity or establish a human clinical effect.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    A transcriptional program provides a distinct route from statin inhibition.
    primary_references
    [24275089] Monascin and ankaflavin act as natural AMPK activators with PPARα agonist activity to down-regulate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. · 2014 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24275089/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.015

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 212–218

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · High-fat-diet C57BL/6 mice; related mouse FL83B hepatocyte experiments also reported. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-monascin-ppara A transcriptional program provides a distinct route from statin inhibition. Monascin increased hepatic PPAR-alpha expression and promoted a fatty-acid-oxidation program in the mouse study. Model: High-fat-diet C57BL/6 mice; related mouse FL83B hepatocyte experiments also reported. Limitations: The paper describes agonist activity; the accessed abstract does not resolve direct receptor affinity or establish a human clinical effect. Evidence access: Primary abstract [24275089] Monascin and ankaflavin act as natural AMPK activators with PPARα agonist activity to down-regulate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. · 2014 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24275089/ · DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.015
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. The pigment-rich fermentation product at 0.2 mg/mL reduced fluorescent AGE formation by 87.1% in the BSA–fructose assay.

    Pigment-rich Monascus fermentation product studied in 2024 → Bovine serum albumin–fructose glycation assay source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text PMC11120408
    experimental_model
    Cell-free bovine albumin and fructose experiment.
    limitations
    Not purified ankaflavin alone, and fluorescence inhibition is not a clinical diabetes endpoint.
    nutrient_topic
    Red yeast rice collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · Red yeast rice
    plain_language
    A particular mixture changed a glycation readout.
    primary_references
    [38790873] Revealing the Hypoglycemic Effect of Red Yeast Rice: Perspectives from the Inhibition of α-Glucosidase and the Anti-Glycation Capability by Ankaflavin and Monascin. · 2024 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38790873/ · DOI 10.3390/foods13101573

    Red yeast rice: constituents, mevalonate, CoQ and product-specific interactions (2026-09-20) · lines 308–314

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell-free bovine albumin and fructose experiment. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## red-yeast-rice-mixture-glycation A particular mixture changed a glycation readout. The pigment-rich fermentation product at 0.2 mg/mL reduced fluorescent AGE formation by 87.1% in the BSA–fructose assay. Model: Cell-free bovine albumin and fructose experiment. Limitations: Not purified ankaflavin alone, and fluorescence inhibition is not a clinical diabetes endpoint. Evidence access: Primary full text PMC11120408 [38790873] Revealing the Hypoglycemic Effect of Red Yeast Rice: Perspectives from the Inhibition of α-Glucosidase and the Anti-Glycation Capability by Ankaflavin and Monascin. · 2024 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38790873/ · DOI 10.3390/foods13101573
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards