Component

Human folate receptor alpha / FOLR1

Human folate receptor alpha / FOLR1; species and subcellular isoforms retained separately.

4 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. Introducing wild-type human FOLR1 restored specific surface folate binding in fibroblasts from the nonsense-variant patient.

    Human folate receptor alpha / FOLR1 → Folate receptor surface binding source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    experimental_model
    Children with FOLR1 variants and patient fibroblasts
    exposure
    Retroviral wild-type FOLR1 expression; 5 nM radioligand
    limitations
    Receptor binding assay, not transcytosis.
    nutrient_topic
    Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Folate (vitamin B9)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Replacing the missing receptor restored cellular binding.
    primary_references
    [steinfeld2009] Folate receptor alpha defect causes cerebral folate transport deficiency: a treatable neurodegenerative disorder associated with disturbed myelin metabolism (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19732866/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.08.005
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Patient fibroblasts
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Folate and folic acid: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 243–253

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Children with FOLR1 variants and patient fibroblasts · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### folate-folr1-fibroblast-binding-rescue Introducing wild-type human FOLR1 restored specific surface folate binding in fibroblasts from the nonsense-variant patient. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Replacing the missing receptor restored cellular binding. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Patient fibroblasts experimental_model: Children with FOLR1 variants and patient fibroblasts limitations: Receptor binding assay, not transcytosis. exposure: Retroviral wild-type FOLR1 expression; 5 nM radioligand [steinfeld2009] Folate receptor alpha defect causes cerebral folate transport deficiency: a treatable neurodegenerative disorder associated with disturbed myelin metabolism (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19732866/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.08.005
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Human FOLR1 and FITC-conjugated folic acid moved together from basolateral to apical sides of polarized rat choroid-plexus cells.

    Human folate receptor alpha / FOLR1 → Choroid plexus folate transcytosis source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_location
    Figure 2: polarized FITC-folic-acid cotransport
    experimental_model
    Human FOLR1 in rat choroid-plexus cells, human CSF, mouse injections
    exposure
    Human FOLR1 transfection and FITC-folic-acid imaging
    limitations
    Engineered cellular barrier and fluorescent conjugate; not direct native-5-MTHF or whole-human transport measurement.
    nutrient_topic
    Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Folate (vitamin B9)
    organism
    Human protein in rat cells
    plain_language
    The receptor helped folate cross a modeled brain-fluid barrier.
    primary_references
    [grapp2013] Choroid plexus transcytosis and exosome shuttling deliver folate into brain parenchyma (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23828504/ DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3123
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Polarized choroid-plexus cells

    Folate and folic acid: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 206–217

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human FOLR1 in rat choroid-plexus cells, human CSF, mouse injections · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### folate-fralpha-polarized-transfer Human FOLR1 and FITC-conjugated folic acid moved together from basolateral to apical sides of polarized rat choroid-plexus cells. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The receptor helped folate cross a modeled brain-fluid barrier. organism: Human protein in rat cells tissue_or_cell_type: Polarized choroid-plexus cells experimental_model: Human FOLR1 in rat choroid-plexus cells, human CSF, mouse injections limitations: Engineered cellular barrier and fluorescent conjugate; not direct native-5-MTHF or whole-human transport measurement. exposure: Human FOLR1 transfection and FITC-folic-acid imaging evidence_location: Figure 2: polarized FITC-folic-acid cotransport [grapp2013] Choroid plexus transcytosis and exosome shuttling deliver folate into brain parenchyma (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23828504/ DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3123
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Two siblings with FOLR1 Q118X/C175X variants had severe CSF folate depletion despite unremarkable plasma and erythrocyte folate.

    Human compound-heterozygous FOLR1 Q118X/C175X genotype → CSF 5-methyltetrahydrofolate concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    experimental_model
    Children with FOLR1 variants and patient fibroblasts
    exposure
    Inherited compound-heterozygous genotype
    limitations
    Observations in two siblings; does not generalize to common folate variation.
    nutrient_topic
    Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Folate (vitamin B9)
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Normal blood folate did not exclude impaired brain delivery.
    primary_references
    [steinfeld2009] Folate receptor alpha defect causes cerebral folate transport deficiency: a treatable neurodegenerative disorder associated with disturbed myelin metabolism (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19732866/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.08.005
    tissue_or_cell_type
    CSF, plasma and erythrocytes
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Folate and folic acid: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 231–241

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Children with FOLR1 variants and patient fibroblasts · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### folate-folr1-csf-peripheral-dissociation Two siblings with FOLR1 Q118X/C175X variants had severe CSF folate depletion despite unremarkable plasma and erythrocyte folate. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Normal blood folate did not exclude impaired brain delivery. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: CSF, plasma and erythrocytes experimental_model: Children with FOLR1 variants and patient fibroblasts limitations: Observations in two siblings; does not generalize to common folate variation. exposure: Inherited compound-heterozygous genotype [steinfeld2009] Folate receptor alpha defect causes cerebral folate transport deficiency: a treatable neurodegenerative disorder associated with disturbed myelin metabolism (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19732866/ DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.08.005
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Intraventricular injection experiments showed greater brain-parenchymal delivery of FOLR1-positive than FOLR1-negative exosomes in mice.

    FOLR1-positive exosomes → Brain parenchymal exosome delivery source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    experimental_model
    Human FOLR1 in rat choroid-plexus cells, human CSF, mouse injections
    exposure
    Intraventricular exosome administration
    limitations
    Injection bypasses entry from blood; does not prove all brain folate follows this route.
    nutrient_topic
    Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Folate (vitamin B9)
    organism
    Mus musculus receiving human-FOLR1-associated exosomes
    plain_language
    Receptor-bearing vesicles reached brain tissue in this experiment.
    primary_references
    [grapp2013] Choroid plexus transcytosis and exosome shuttling deliver folate into brain parenchyma (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23828504/ DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3123
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Brain parenchyma

    Folate and folic acid: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 219–229

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human FOLR1 in rat choroid-plexus cells, human CSF, mouse injections · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### folate-fralpha-exosome-brain-entry Intraventricular injection experiments showed greater brain-parenchymal delivery of FOLR1-positive than FOLR1-negative exosomes in mice. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Receptor-bearing vesicles reached brain tissue in this experiment. organism: Mus musculus receiving human-FOLR1-associated exosomes tissue_or_cell_type: Brain parenchyma experimental_model: Human FOLR1 in rat choroid-plexus cells, human CSF, mouse injections limitations: Injection bypasses entry from blood; does not prove all brain folate follows this route. exposure: Intraventricular exosome administration [grapp2013] Choroid plexus transcytosis and exosome shuttling deliver folate into brain parenchyma (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23828504/ DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3123
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards