Component
Locomotion of Dugesia tigrina planarians
Species, assay, exposure and limitations are retained on linked claims.
3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
Gamma-nonalactone at 51 micromolar increased locomotion during cocaine exposure from about 49% to 88% of control.
Experimental context and source evidence
- dose
- Gamma-nonalactone 25-51 micromolar with cocaine 200 micromolar; artificial pond water with 0.1% DMSO
- duration
- 10 min incubation followed by 5 min locomotion recording
- evidence_access
- Primary full-text methods/results inspected; PubMed metadata where indexed.
- evidence_scope
- literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation
- experimental_model
- Dugesia tigrina planarians
- limitations
- A narrow nonhuman behavioral response; molecular target and mammalian relevance are unknown. No addiction-treatment efficacy or use protocol is established.
- nutrient_topic
- Gamma-nonalactone flavor-compound chapter; nutrient and drug interactions retain their experimental settings. · Gamma-nonalactone
- organism
- Dugesia tigrina planarians
- plain_language
- Gamma-nonalactone at 51 micromolar increased locomotion during cocaine exposure from about 49% to 88% of control.
- primary_references
- Minimal structural requirements of alkyl γ-lactones capable of antagonizing the cocaine-induced motility decrease in planarians. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21878350/ DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.08.013
- route
- Whole-worm bath co-exposure
- tissue
- Grid-crossing locomotion assay
Gamma-nonalactone: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 202–211
Original AI-assisted curation of eight primary studies. Study-specific citations, negative findings and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Dugesia tigrina planarians · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## gamma-nonalactone-cocaine-motility Gamma-nonalactone at 51 micromolar increased locomotion during cocaine exposure from about 49% to 88% of control. Model/species: Dugesia tigrina planarians Tissue: Grid-crossing locomotion assay Exposure: Gamma-nonalactone 25-51 micromolar with cocaine 200 micromolar; artificial pond water with 0.1% DMSO Route: Whole-worm bath co-exposure Duration: 10 min incubation followed by 5 min locomotion recording Limits: A narrow nonhuman behavioral response; molecular target and mammalian relevance are unknown. No addiction-treatment efficacy or use protocol is established. Primary reference: Minimal structural requirements of alkyl γ-lactones capable of antagonizing the cocaine-induced motility decrease in planarians. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21878350/ DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.08.013 Access: Primary full-text methods/results inspected; PubMed metadata where indexed.
Complete structured claim and evidenceGamma-nonalactone at 75-100 micromolar did not prevent the cocaine-associated locomotion decrease.
Experimental context and source evidence
- dose
- Gamma-nonalactone 75-100 micromolar with cocaine 200 micromolar
- duration
- 10 min incubation followed by 5 min recording
- evidence_access
- Primary full-text methods/results inspected; PubMed metadata where indexed.
- evidence_scope
- literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation
- experimental_model
- Dugesia tigrina planarians
- limitations
- Loss of protection at higher concentrations is not a scientific conflict with the lower-dose response; it occurs in the same study.
- nutrient_topic
- Gamma-nonalactone flavor-compound chapter; nutrient and drug interactions retain their experimental settings. · Gamma-nonalactone
- organism
- Dugesia tigrina planarians
- plain_language
- Gamma-nonalactone at 75-100 micromolar did not prevent the cocaine-associated locomotion decrease.
- primary_references
- Minimal structural requirements of alkyl γ-lactones capable of antagonizing the cocaine-induced motility decrease in planarians. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21878350/ DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.08.013
- route
- Whole-worm bath co-exposure
- tissue
- Grid-crossing locomotion assay
Gamma-nonalactone: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 213–222
Original AI-assisted curation of eight primary studies. Study-specific citations, negative findings and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Dugesia tigrina planarians · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## gamma-nonalactone-cocaine-range-limit Gamma-nonalactone at 75-100 micromolar did not prevent the cocaine-associated locomotion decrease. Model/species: Dugesia tigrina planarians Tissue: Grid-crossing locomotion assay Exposure: Gamma-nonalactone 75-100 micromolar with cocaine 200 micromolar Route: Whole-worm bath co-exposure Duration: 10 min incubation followed by 5 min recording Limits: Loss of protection at higher concentrations is not a scientific conflict with the lower-dose response; it occurs in the same study. Primary reference: Minimal structural requirements of alkyl γ-lactones capable of antagonizing the cocaine-induced motility decrease in planarians. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21878350/ DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.08.013 Access: Primary full-text methods/results inspected; PubMed metadata where indexed.
Complete structured claim and evidenceGamma-nonalactone alone reduced planarian locomotion at higher concentrations, with an IC50 of 181 +/- 18 micromolar.
Experimental context and source evidence
- dose
- Gamma-nonalactone concentration series without cocaine
- duration
- 10 min incubation followed by 5 min recording
- evidence_access
- Primary full-text methods/results inspected; PubMed metadata where indexed.
- evidence_scope
- literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation
- experimental_model
- Dugesia tigrina planarians
- limitations
- Behavioral impairment is not direct evidence for DAT, GABA receptors, or a human toxic dose. Compound alone at 51 micromolar did not significantly change locomotion.
- nutrient_topic
- Gamma-nonalactone flavor-compound chapter; nutrient and drug interactions retain their experimental settings. · Gamma-nonalactone
- organism
- Dugesia tigrina planarians
- plain_language
- Gamma-nonalactone alone reduced planarian locomotion at higher concentrations, with an IC50 of 181 +/- 18 micromolar.
- primary_references
- Minimal structural requirements of alkyl γ-lactones capable of antagonizing the cocaine-induced motility decrease in planarians. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21878350/ DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.08.013
- route
- Whole-worm bath exposure
- tissue
- Grid-crossing locomotion assay
Gamma-nonalactone: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 224–233
Original AI-assisted curation of eight primary studies. Study-specific citations, negative findings and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Dugesia tigrina planarians · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## gamma-nonalactone-motility-alone Gamma-nonalactone alone reduced planarian locomotion at higher concentrations, with an IC50 of 181 +/- 18 micromolar. Model/species: Dugesia tigrina planarians Tissue: Grid-crossing locomotion assay Exposure: Gamma-nonalactone concentration series without cocaine Route: Whole-worm bath exposure Duration: 10 min incubation followed by 5 min recording Limits: Behavioral impairment is not direct evidence for DAT, GABA receptors, or a human toxic dose. Compound alone at 51 micromolar did not significantly change locomotion. Primary reference: Minimal structural requirements of alkyl γ-lactones capable of antagonizing the cocaine-induced motility decrease in planarians. (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21878350/ DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.08.013 Access: Primary full-text methods/results inspected; PubMed metadata where indexed.
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.