Component
Betanidin
The aglycone of betanin; molecular identity does not establish conversion after human ingestion.
2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What it acts on
Betanidin inhibited cytochrome-c-driven linoleate peroxidation, with an assay IC50 of 0.8 micromolar.
Experimental context and source evidence
- dose
- Assay-specific submicromolar to micromolar concentrations; oral arm 300 mL beet juice with 120 mg betanin
- duration
- Kinetic assays; urine collected 2-4 h after ingestion
- evidence_access
- Primary PubMed abstract; detailed exposure for PMID 23931157 additionally checked in publisher results. No uninspected full text is claimed.
- evidence_scope
- literature_reviewed; source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
- experimental_model
- Cell-free biochemical systems and four human volunteers
- limitations
- Chemical activity does not establish clinical efficacy or a dietary iron interaction.
- nutrient_topic
- Betalains collection; each molecular form, species, exposure and preparation remains explicit. · Betalains
- organism
- Cell-free biochemical systems and four human volunteers
- plain_language
- Betanidin inhibited cytochrome-c-driven linoleate peroxidation, with an assay IC50 of 0.8 micromolar.
- primary_references
- Betalains--a new class of dietary cationized antioxidants. (2001). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11714300/ DOI: 10.1021/jf010456f
- route
- In vitro addition; separate oral juice arm
- tissue
- Lipid emulsions, membranes, LDL; urine arm separate
Betalains: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 37–45
Original AI-assisted curation of twelve primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell-free biochemical systems and four human volunteers · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## betalains-betanidin-linoleate Betanidin inhibited cytochrome-c-driven linoleate peroxidation, with an assay IC50 of 0.8 micromolar. Model/species: Cell-free biochemical systems and four human volunteers Tissue: Lipid emulsions, membranes, LDL; urine arm separate Exposure: Assay-specific submicromolar to micromolar concentrations; oral arm 300 mL beet juice with 120 mg betanin Route: In vitro addition; separate oral juice arm Duration: Kinetic assays; urine collected 2-4 h after ingestion Limits: Chemical activity does not establish clinical efficacy or a dietary iron interaction. Primary reference: Betalains--a new class of dietary cationized antioxidants. (2001). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11714300/ DOI: 10.1021/jf010456f
Complete structured claim and evidence
What acts on it
Betanin is the 5-O-beta-glucoside of betanidin.
Experimental context and source evidence
- dose
- Assay-specific submicromolar to micromolar concentrations; oral arm 300 mL beet juice with 120 mg betanin
- duration
- Kinetic assays; urine collected 2-4 h after ingestion
- evidence_access
- Primary PubMed abstract; detailed exposure for PMID 23931157 additionally checked in publisher results. No uninspected full text is claimed.
- evidence_scope
- literature_reviewed; source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
- experimental_model
- Cell-free biochemical systems and four human volunteers
- limitations
- Chemical activity does not establish clinical efficacy or a dietary iron interaction. Identity only; not a demonstrated human conversion rate.
- nutrient_topic
- Betalains collection; each molecular form, species, exposure and preparation remains explicit. · Betalains
- organism
- Cell-free biochemical systems and four human volunteers
- plain_language
- Betanin is the 5-O-beta-glucoside of betanidin.
- primary_references
- Betalains--a new class of dietary cationized antioxidants. (2001). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11714300/ DOI: 10.1021/jf010456f
- route
- In vitro addition; separate oral juice arm
- tissue
- Lipid emulsions, membranes, LDL; urine arm separate
Betalains: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 17–25
Original AI-assisted curation of twelve primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell-free biochemical systems and four human volunteers · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## betalains-betanin-identity Betanin is the 5-O-beta-glucoside of betanidin. Model/species: Cell-free biochemical systems and four human volunteers Tissue: Lipid emulsions, membranes, LDL; urine arm separate Exposure: Assay-specific submicromolar to micromolar concentrations; oral arm 300 mL beet juice with 120 mg betanin Route: In vitro addition; separate oral juice arm Duration: Kinetic assays; urine collected 2-4 h after ingestion Limits: Chemical activity does not establish clinical efficacy or a dietary iron interaction. Identity only; not a demonstrated human conversion rate. Primary reference: Betalains--a new class of dietary cationized antioxidants. (2001). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11714300/ DOI: 10.1021/jf010456f
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.