{"id":"dd48255d-9182-5cf3-ac44-756310c23e8f","stable_key":"cab605fe-8a82-5191-9966-d19a9628c24c:betalains-betanidin-linoleate","predicate":"inhibits","statement":"Betanidin inhibited cytochrome-c-driven linoleate peroxidation, with an assay IC50 of 0.8 micromolar.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"ca3c6949-2da3-598f-934b-b0489b4c472e","mechanism_event_label":"Betanidin inhibited cytochrome-c-driven linoleate peroxidation, with an assay IC50 of 0.8 micromolar.","subject":{"id":"0ecc49d8-5e91-5a47-9869-6199477c91f0","slug":"betanidin","display_name":"Betanidin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"f00627d2-4857-5c63-81af-71cde3768d38","slug":"lipid-peroxidation","display_name":"Lipid peroxidation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"ca3c6949-2da3-598f-934b-b0489b4c472e","stable_key":"cab605fe-8a82-5191-9966-d19a9628c24c:betalains-betanidin-linoleate-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Betanidin inhibited cytochrome-c-driven linoleate peroxidation, with an assay IC50 of 0.8 micromolar.","description":"Betanidin inhibited cytochrome-c-driven linoleate peroxidation, with an assay IC50 of 0.8 micromolar.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"0ecc49d8-5e91-5a47-9869-6199477c91f0","slug":"betanidin","display_name":"Betanidin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"f00627d2-4857-5c63-81af-71cde3768d38","slug":"lipid-peroxidation","display_name":"Lipid peroxidation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"dose","value_text":"Assay-specific submicromolar to micromolar concentrations; oral arm 300 mL beet juice with 120 mg betanin","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"Kinetic assays; urine collected 2-4 h after ingestion","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary PubMed abstract; detailed exposure for PMID 23931157 additionally checked in publisher results. No uninspected full text is claimed.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_scope","value_text":"literature_reviewed; source-derived curation, not universally established human effects","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Cell-free biochemical systems and four human volunteers","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Chemical activity does not establish clinical efficacy or a dietary iron interaction.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Betalains collection; each molecular form, species, exposure and preparation remains explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"betalains","display_name":"Betalains","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Cell-free biochemical systems and four human volunteers","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Betanidin inhibited cytochrome-c-driven linoleate peroxidation, with an assay IC50 of 0.8 micromolar.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Betalains--a new class of dietary cationized antioxidants. (2001). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11714300/ DOI: 10.1021/jf010456f","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"route","value_text":"In vitro addition; separate oral juice arm","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue","value_text":"Lipid emulsions, membranes, LDL; urine arm separate","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"0d9fc272-1037-5e32-be07-f968644299e5","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 37-45","start_line":37,"end_line":45,"excerpt":"## betalains-betanidin-linoleate\nBetanidin inhibited cytochrome-c-driven linoleate peroxidation, with an assay IC50 of 0.8 micromolar.\nModel/species: Cell-free biochemical systems and four human volunteers\nTissue: Lipid emulsions, membranes, LDL; urine arm separate\nExposure: Assay-specific submicromolar to micromolar concentrations; oral arm 300 mL beet juice with 120 mg betanin\nRoute: In vitro addition; separate oral juice arm\nDuration: Kinetic assays; urine collected 2-4 h after ingestion\nLimits: Chemical activity does not establish clinical efficacy or a dietary iron interaction.\nPrimary reference: Betalains--a new class of dietary cationized antioxidants. (2001). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11714300/ DOI: 10.1021/jf010456f","model_system":"Cell-free biochemical systems and four human volunteers","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact archived curation span; an original paraphrase with an individually identified primary reference.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"be94d093-444c-5729-8831-bc33b0ef2fd7","stable_key":"import-cab605fe-8a82-5191-9966-d19a9628c24c","title":"Betalains: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted curation of twelve primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"adb4fb8586481a69da5d2fe5cf62ad1dae2509af524352673fc7427123eeda87","revision_id":"a328b3f9-66d2-59e2-bd8f-de651c3c7649","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}