Gastric emptying rate measured as the change in antral cross-sectional area by real-time ultrasonography: molecular mechanisms & dependencies

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What it does

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Recorded relationships

What acts on it

No difference was observed between gastric emptying times after the acetic acid plus bread meal and the sodium acetate plus bread meal, measured by ultrasonography in four subjects.
Native vinegar supplying free acetic acid → Gastric emptying rate measured as the change in antral cross-sectional area by real-time ultrasonography source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/acetate-research/7796781.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "88f9eba4673a81b8a0d190d3303d1d43ba908e457cc8794a457c962074c7d60f", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1533, "text_sha256": "88f9eba4673a81b8a0d190d3303d1d43ba908e457cc8794a457c962074c7d60f"}
experimental_model
Randomised six-meal crossover in five healthy subjects, with ultrasonographic gastric emptying in four others
exposure
1 g acetic acid as native vinegar, or the same vinegar neutralised to pH 6.0 with sodium bicarbonate, each on a lettuce and olive oil meal with or without 50 g carbohydrate as white bread
limitations
The decisive control in this collection: it separates the acid from its sodium salt and measures gastric emptying directly in the same design. Five subjects for the glucose arm and four for the ultrasound arm is very small.
nutrient_topic
Acetic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the ingested acid is recorded separately from the circulating acetate anion. · Acetic acid
organism
Human
plain_language
The two forms emptied the stomach at the same rate, while only one lowered glucose.
primary_references
[acetate-p7796781] Effect of neutralized and native vinegar on blood glucose and acetate responses to a mixed meal in healthy subjects. (1995). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7796781/
tissue_or_cell_type
Whole body and stomach
Acetic acid: the ingested acid, the receptors acetate binds, the acetyl-CoA it becomes, and the acetyl groups that reach histones (2026-09-21) · lines 95–106
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomised six-meal crossover in five healthy subjects, with ultrasonographic gastric emptying in four others · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### acetate-emptying-not-different No difference was observed between gastric emptying times after the acetic acid plus bread meal and the sodium acetate plus bread meal, measured by ultrasonography in four subjects. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Acetic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the ingested acid is recorded separately from the circulating acetate anion. plain_language: The two forms emptied the stomach at the same rate, while only one lowered glucose. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Whole body and stomach experimental_model: Randomised six-meal crossover in five healthy subjects, with ultrasonographic gastric emptying in four others limitations: The decisive control in this collection: it separates the acid from its sodium salt and measures gastric emptying directly in the same design. Five subjects for the glucose arm and four for the ultrasound arm is very small. exposure: 1 g acetic acid as native vinegar, or the same vinegar neutralised to pH 6.0 with sodium bicarbonate, each on a lettuce and olive oil meal with or without 50 g carbohydrate as white bread evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/acetate-research/7796781.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "88f9eba4673a81b8a0d190d3303d1d43ba908e457cc8794a457c962074c7d60f", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1533, "text_sha256": "88f9eba4673a81b8a0d190d3303d1d43ba908e457cc8794a457c962074c7d60f"} [acetate-p7796781] Effect of neutralized and native vinegar on blood glucose and acetate responses to a mixed meal in healthy subjects. (1995). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7796781/
Complete structured claim and evidence
In patients with type 1 diabetes and diabetic gastroparesis the median gastric emptying rate was 27% without vinegar and 17% with vinegar, a statistically significant reduction, and the authors concluded this might be a disadvantage for their glycaemic control.
Apple cider vinegar as used in the type 1 diabetes trial → Gastric emptying rate measured as the change in antral cross-sectional area by real-time ultrasonography source_derived_draftungraded
Experimental context and source evidence
availability_state
biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.
evidence_span
{"source_cache": "artifacts/acetate-research/18093343.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "092c8db0cd31e510e21838bd5ad6cc16876368af06584a2fc6d44efa2e189439", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1477, "text_sha256": "092c8db0cd31e510e21838bd5ad6cc16876368af06584a2fc6d44efa2e189439"}
experimental_model
Investigator-blinded crossover in ten patients with type 1 diabetes and diabetic gastroparesis
exposure
30 ml apple cider vinegar in 200 ml water daily before breakfast for two weeks, with gastric emptying measured by standardised real-time ultrasonography after 300 g rice pudding
limitations
Ten patients, one of whom had undergone vagotomy. It is recorded because the same mechanism that is read as a benefit in healthy people is unwanted in people whose stomachs already empty too slowly.
nutrient_topic
Acetic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the ingested acid is recorded separately from the circulating acetate anion. · Acetic acid
organism
Human
plain_language
In people whose stomachs already empty too slowly, vinegar made that worse.
primary_references
[acetate-p18093343] Effect of apple cider vinegar on delayed gastric emptying in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a pilot study. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18093343/ DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-7-46
tissue_or_cell_type
Stomach
trigger_kind
biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.
Acetic acid: the ingested acid, the receptors acetate binds, the acetyl-CoA it becomes, and the acetyl groups that reach histones (2026-09-21) · lines 186–197
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Investigator-blinded crossover in ten patients with type 1 diabetes and diabetic gastroparesis · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### acetate-vinegar-worsens-gastroparesis In patients with type 1 diabetes and diabetic gastroparesis the median gastric emptying rate was 27% without vinegar and 17% with vinegar, a statistically significant reduction, and the authors concluded this might be a disadvantage for their glycaemic control. Condition category: biomarker_context nutrient_topic: Acetic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the ingested acid is recorded separately from the circulating acetate anion. plain_language: In people whose stomachs already empty too slowly, vinegar made that worse. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Stomach experimental_model: Investigator-blinded crossover in ten patients with type 1 diabetes and diabetic gastroparesis limitations: Ten patients, one of whom had undergone vagotomy. It is recorded because the same mechanism that is read as a benefit in healthy people is unwanted in people whose stomachs already empty too slowly. exposure: 30 ml apple cider vinegar in 200 ml water daily before breakfast for two weeks, with gastric emptying measured by standardised real-time ultrasonography after 300 g rice pudding evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/acetate-research/18093343.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "092c8db0cd31e510e21838bd5ad6cc16876368af06584a2fc6d44efa2e189439", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1477, "text_sha256": "092c8db0cd31e510e21838bd5ad6cc16876368af06584a2fc6d44efa2e189439"} [acetate-p18093343] Effect of apple cider vinegar on delayed gastric emptying in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a pilot study. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18093343/ DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-7-46
Complete structured claim and evidence

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Gastric emptying rate measured as the change in antral cross-sectional area by real-time ultrasonography