Component

9Z astaxanthin

Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.

3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. All-E, 9Z and 13Z astaxanthin at 1.2 micromolar reduced TNF-induced IL-8 secretion by 22–27% in Caco-2 cells, with reduced I-kappa-B-alpha phosphorylation.

    Astaxanthin → Human interleukin-8 / CXCL8 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human Caco-2 monolayers with TNF challenge.
    limitations
    Different isomer responses do not establish a preferred clinical formulation.
    nutrient_topic
    Astaxanthin collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Astaxanthin
    plain_language
    The absorbed forms also changed inflammatory signaling in intestinal cells.
    primary_references
    Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Different Astaxanthin Isomers and the Roles of Lipid Transporters in the Cellular Transport of Astaxanthin Isomers in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers. · 2019 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31117505/ · DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02102

    Astaxanthin: transport, membrane chemistry, signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19) · lines 486–492

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human Caco-2 monolayers with TNF challenge. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## astaxanthin-intestinal-inflammatory-signal The absorbed forms also changed inflammatory signaling in intestinal cells. All-E, 9Z and 13Z astaxanthin at 1.2 micromolar reduced TNF-induced IL-8 secretion by 22–27% in Caco-2 cells, with reduced I-kappa-B-alpha phosphorylation. Model: Human Caco-2 monolayers with TNF challenge. Limitations: Different isomer responses do not establish a preferred clinical formulation. Evidence access: Primary abstract Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Different Astaxanthin Isomers and the Roles of Lipid Transporters in the Cellular Transport of Astaxanthin Isomers in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers. · 2019 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31117505/ · DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02102
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. SR-BI inhibitor BLT1 and an SR-BI antibody reduced all-E and 13Z astaxanthin uptake in human Caco-2 cells; neither reduced 9Z uptake in that experiment.

    Scavenger receptor class B type 1 / SCARB1 → Astaxanthin uptake by human intestinal cells source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human Caco-2 inhibitor and antibody experiments.
    limitations
    Partial inhibition does not establish an exclusive route or clinical competition among carotenoids.
    nutrient_topic
    Astaxanthin collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Astaxanthin
    plain_language
    Different shapes of the same carotenoid used uptake machinery differently.
    primary_references
    Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Different Astaxanthin Isomers and the Roles of Lipid Transporters in the Cellular Transport of Astaxanthin Isomers in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers. · 2019 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31117505/ · DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02102

    Astaxanthin: transport, membrane chemistry, signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19) · lines 54–60

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human Caco-2 inhibitor and antibody experiments. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## astaxanthin-isomer-srbi Different shapes of the same carotenoid used uptake machinery differently. SR-BI inhibitor BLT1 and an SR-BI antibody reduced all-E and 13Z astaxanthin uptake in human Caco-2 cells; neither reduced 9Z uptake in that experiment. Model: Human Caco-2 inhibitor and antibody experiments. Limitations: Partial inhibition does not establish an exclusive route or clinical competition among carotenoids. Evidence access: Primary abstract Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Different Astaxanthin Isomers and the Roles of Lipid Transporters in the Cellular Transport of Astaxanthin Isomers in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers. · 2019 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31117505/ · DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02102
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. After three men consumed 100 mg astaxanthin with a meal, 13Z astaxanthin was selectively enriched in plasma relative to the administered mixture.

    13Z astaxanthin → Human circulating astaxanthin exposure source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Three-person single-dose pharmacokinetic study.
    limitations
    Small sample and unusually high dose; selective appearance does not alone identify absorption versus clearance.
    nutrient_topic
    Astaxanthin collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Astaxanthin
    plain_language
    Blood composition did not simply copy the swallowed isomer mixture.
    primary_references
    Plasma appearance and distribution of astaxanthin E/Z and R/S isomers in plasma lipoproteins of men after single dose administration of astaxanthin. · 2000 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11120445/ · DOI 10.1016/s0955-2863(00)00104-2

    Astaxanthin: transport, membrane chemistry, signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19) · lines 70–76

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Three-person single-dose pharmacokinetic study. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## astaxanthin-plasma-isomer Blood composition did not simply copy the swallowed isomer mixture. After three men consumed 100 mg astaxanthin with a meal, 13Z astaxanthin was selectively enriched in plasma relative to the administered mixture. Model: Three-person single-dose pharmacokinetic study. Limitations: Small sample and unusually high dose; selective appearance does not alone identify absorption versus clearance. Evidence access: Primary abstract Plasma appearance and distribution of astaxanthin E/Z and R/S isomers in plasma lipoproteins of men after single dose administration of astaxanthin. · 2000 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11120445/ · DOI 10.1016/s0955-2863(00)00104-2
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards