Component
Human circulating astaxanthin exposure
Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.
2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
In 32 healthy men given a single 40 mg dose, three lipid/surfactant formulations produced 1.7–3.7 times the exposure of the reference preparation.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract
- experimental_model
- Open parallel human pharmacokinetic study.
- limitations
- Single high dose; formulation effects do not prove a clinical benefit or equivalence of commercial products.
- nutrient_topic
- Astaxanthin collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Astaxanthin
- plain_language
- The preparation changed how much reached the blood.
- primary_references
- Oral bioavailability of the antioxidant astaxanthin in humans is enhanced by incorporation of lipid based formulations. · 2003 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12885395/ · DOI 10.1016/s0928-0987(03)00135-0
Astaxanthin: transport, membrane chemistry, signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19) · lines 30–36
AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Open parallel human pharmacokinetic study. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## astaxanthin-lipid-formulation The preparation changed how much reached the blood. In 32 healthy men given a single 40 mg dose, three lipid/surfactant formulations produced 1.7–3.7 times the exposure of the reference preparation. Model: Open parallel human pharmacokinetic study. Limitations: Single high dose; formulation effects do not prove a clinical benefit or equivalence of commercial products. Evidence access: Primary abstract Oral bioavailability of the antioxidant astaxanthin in humans is enhanced by incorporation of lipid based formulations. · 2003 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12885395/ · DOI 10.1016/s0928-0987(03)00135-0
Complete structured claim and evidenceAfter three men consumed 100 mg astaxanthin with a meal, 13Z astaxanthin was selectively enriched in plasma relative to the administered mixture.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract
- experimental_model
- Three-person single-dose pharmacokinetic study.
- limitations
- Small sample and unusually high dose; selective appearance does not alone identify absorption versus clearance.
- nutrient_topic
- Astaxanthin collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Astaxanthin
- plain_language
- Blood composition did not simply copy the swallowed isomer mixture.
- primary_references
- Plasma appearance and distribution of astaxanthin E/Z and R/S isomers in plasma lipoproteins of men after single dose administration of astaxanthin. · 2000 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11120445/ · DOI 10.1016/s0955-2863(00)00104-2
Astaxanthin: transport, membrane chemistry, signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19) · lines 70–76
AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Three-person single-dose pharmacokinetic study. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## astaxanthin-plasma-isomer Blood composition did not simply copy the swallowed isomer mixture. After three men consumed 100 mg astaxanthin with a meal, 13Z astaxanthin was selectively enriched in plasma relative to the administered mixture. Model: Three-person single-dose pharmacokinetic study. Limitations: Small sample and unusually high dose; selective appearance does not alone identify absorption versus clearance. Evidence access: Primary abstract Plasma appearance and distribution of astaxanthin E/Z and R/S isomers in plasma lipoproteins of men after single dose administration of astaxanthin. · 2000 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11120445/ · DOI 10.1016/s0955-2863(00)00104-2
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.