{"id":"ecad9d0b-8f16-50f1-9642-ba73036a4644","stable_key":"a8bedee0-a740-5bbb-921e-bfd144c7b68c:astaxanthin-lipid-formulation","predicate":"formulation_changes","statement":"In 32 healthy men given a single 40 mg dose, three lipid/surfactant formulations produced 1.7–3.7 times the exposure of the reference preparation.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"d9f0d947-0bc7-5e6d-bbb0-4af40fc85f97","mechanism_event_label":"The preparation changed how much reached the blood.","subject":{"id":"1bf8b9c0-9c38-5c8a-b5da-f00b0eeca36f","slug":"astaxanthin","display_name":"Astaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"c2729ba2-b40a-5df6-85c6-d38eaaa2910f","slug":"human-astaxanthin-exposure","display_name":"Human circulating astaxanthin exposure","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"d9f0d947-0bc7-5e6d-bbb0-4af40fc85f97","stable_key":"a8bedee0-a740-5bbb-921e-bfd144c7b68c:astaxanthin-lipid-formulation-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"The preparation changed how much reached the blood.","description":"In 32 healthy men given a single 40 mg dose, three lipid/surfactant formulations produced 1.7–3.7 times the exposure of the reference preparation.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"1bf8b9c0-9c38-5c8a-b5da-f00b0eeca36f","slug":"astaxanthin","display_name":"Astaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"c2729ba2-b40a-5df6-85c6-d38eaaa2910f","slug":"human-astaxanthin-exposure","display_name":"Human circulating astaxanthin exposure","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Open parallel human pharmacokinetic study.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Single high dose; formulation effects do not prove a clinical benefit or equivalence of commercial products.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Astaxanthin collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"astaxanthin","display_name":"Astaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The preparation changed how much reached the blood.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Oral bioavailability of the antioxidant astaxanthin in humans is enhanced by incorporation of lipid based formulations. · 2003 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12885395/ · DOI 10.1016/s0928-0987(03)00135-0","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"bd8918b7-c9f1-5d80-8aff-c9a7b2b0d356","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 30-36","start_line":30,"end_line":36,"excerpt":"## astaxanthin-lipid-formulation\nThe preparation changed how much reached the blood.\nIn 32 healthy men given a single 40 mg dose, three lipid/surfactant formulations produced 1.7–3.7 times the exposure of the reference preparation.\nModel: Open parallel human pharmacokinetic study.\nLimitations: Single high dose; formulation effects do not prove a clinical benefit or equivalence of commercial products.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nOral bioavailability of the antioxidant astaxanthin in humans is enhanced by incorporation of lipid based formulations. · 2003 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12885395/ · DOI 10.1016/s0928-0987(03)00135-0","model_system":"Open parallel human pharmacokinetic study.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"4fd91ea6-78b4-5bfe-93e3-686fbef9f678","stable_key":"import-a8bedee0-a740-5bbb-921e-bfd144c7b68c","title":"Astaxanthin: transport, membrane chemistry, signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"98640e32f62e6c0387578165342ad21b3d2325701fcfdbb5c48886c783040e5e","revision_id":"a82757ce-1feb-582c-a5fc-f7de36308f1f","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}