Component

Valproate

Valproate. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. In the patient observed when starting valproate, plasma carnitine fell during weeks 1-3 and recovered by weeks 3-5.

    Valproate → Human plasma carnitine during valproate therapy source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    One longitudinal initiation case plus ten long-term patients.
    limitations
    Suppressed synthesis and increased OCTN2 expression were proposed explanations, not directly measured human mechanisms.
    nutrient_topic
    L-Carnitine collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · L-Carnitine
    plain_language
    Drug-associated carnitine changes can evolve over time.
    primary_references
    Effect of short- and long-term treatment with valproate on carnitine homeostasis in humans. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22743351/ · DOI 10.1097/FTD.0b013e3182608e2f

    L-Carnitine: synthesis, acyl-group transport, fuel selection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19) · lines 282–288

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · One longitudinal initiation case plus ten long-term patients. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## l-carnitine-valproate-timecourse Drug-associated carnitine changes can evolve over time. In the patient observed when starting valproate, plasma carnitine fell during weeks 1-3 and recovered by weeks 3-5. Model: One longitudinal initiation case plus ten long-term patients. Limitations: Suppressed synthesis and increased OCTN2 expression were proposed explanations, not directly measured human mechanisms. Evidence access: Primary abstract Effect of short- and long-term treatment with valproate on carnitine homeostasis in humans. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22743351/ · DOI 10.1097/FTD.0b013e3182608e2f
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. At 0.6 mM valproate, yeast expressing human ISYNA1 had approximately 25% less intracellular inositol; purified ISYNA1 was not inhibited at that concentration.

    Valproate → Intracellular myo-inositol availability source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/inositol-research/15024000.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5ab3a8eda77989c3e4a681b4a971fb7e969c285d3e5c8e41bc31713a7f88c9ac", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1427, "text_sha256": "5ab3a8eda77989c3e4a681b4a971fb7e969c285d3e5c8e41bc31713a7f88c9ac"}
    experimental_model
    Recombinant human enzyme and complementation of yeast ino1 deletion
    exposure
    Substrate, NAD+, cation and valproate experiments
    limitations
    Purified-enzyme and yeast results do not establish supplement effects or a human dietary deficiency threshold.
    nutrient_topic
    Inositol research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Inositol (stereoisomer family)
    organism
    Human protein expressed in bacteria and yeast
    plain_language
    The effect depended on the cellular setting rather than direct inhibition of the isolated enzyme.
    primary_references
    [ino-p15024000] Human 1-D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase is functional in yeast. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15024000/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m312078200
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Purified enzyme; yeast cultures
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Inositol: synthesis, signaling, mineral interactions and conditional deficiency (2026-09-17) · lines 223–234

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Recombinant human enzyme and complementation of yeast ino1 deletion · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### ino-valproate-yeast At 0.6 mM valproate, yeast expressing human ISYNA1 had approximately 25% less intracellular inositol; purified ISYNA1 was not inhibited at that concentration. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Inositol research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The effect depended on the cellular setting rather than direct inhibition of the isolated enzyme. organism: Human protein expressed in bacteria and yeast tissue_or_cell_type: Purified enzyme; yeast cultures experimental_model: Recombinant human enzyme and complementation of yeast ino1 deletion limitations: Purified-enzyme and yeast results do not establish supplement effects or a human dietary deficiency threshold. exposure: Substrate, NAD+, cation and valproate experiments evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/inositol-research/15024000.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5ab3a8eda77989c3e4a681b4a971fb7e969c285d3e5c8e41bc31713a7f88c9ac", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1427, "text_sha256": "5ab3a8eda77989c3e4a681b4a971fb7e969c285d3e5c8e41bc31713a7f88c9ac"} [ino-p15024000] Human 1-D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase is functional in yeast. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15024000/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m312078200
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Valproylcarnitine fractional renal excretion approached 100%, unlike the strongly reabsorbed free carnitine pool; transporter assays showed low OCTN2 affinity.

    Valproyl-L-carnitine → Human renal fractional excretion of valproylcarnitine source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary abstract
    experimental_model
    Human urine/plasma measurements and OCTN2 assays.
    limitations
    The authors found that excreted valproylcarnitine did not impair renal handling of free carnitine in vivo.
    nutrient_topic
    L-Carnitine collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · L-Carnitine
    plain_language
    The drug-linked ester is handled differently from free carnitine.
    primary_references
    Effect of short- and long-term treatment with valproate on carnitine homeostasis in humans. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22743351/ · DOI 10.1097/FTD.0b013e3182608e2f

    L-Carnitine: synthesis, acyl-group transport, fuel selection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19) · lines 290–296

    AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human urine/plasma measurements and OCTN2 assays. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## l-carnitine-valproate-clearance The drug-linked ester is handled differently from free carnitine. Valproylcarnitine fractional renal excretion approached 100%, unlike the strongly reabsorbed free carnitine pool; transporter assays showed low OCTN2 affinity. Model: Human urine/plasma measurements and OCTN2 assays. Limitations: The authors found that excreted valproylcarnitine did not impair renal handling of free carnitine in vivo. Evidence access: Primary abstract Effect of short- and long-term treatment with valproate on carnitine homeostasis in humans. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22743351/ · DOI 10.1097/FTD.0b013e3182608e2f
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards