{"id":"d7372c1a-aac5-53e2-a91c-0d822a60978d","stable_key":"6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc:l-carnitine-valproate-clearance","predicate":"has_high","statement":"Valproylcarnitine fractional renal excretion approached 100%, unlike the strongly reabsorbed free carnitine pool; transporter assays showed low OCTN2 affinity.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"4f4d0562-0bbe-5509-beb8-04609c1aa9fd","mechanism_event_label":"The drug-linked ester is handled differently from free carnitine.","subject":{"id":"d372af25-558e-59db-87b6-290c44a68039","slug":"valproylcarnitine","display_name":"Valproyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"1f8f6a96-ff84-53fa-ba61-09bb7f39ddba","slug":"human-valproylcarnitine-clearance","display_name":"Human renal fractional excretion of valproylcarnitine","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"4f4d0562-0bbe-5509-beb8-04609c1aa9fd","stable_key":"6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc:l-carnitine-valproate-clearance-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"The drug-linked ester is handled differently from free carnitine.","description":"Valproylcarnitine fractional renal excretion approached 100%, unlike the strongly reabsorbed free carnitine pool; 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isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"l-carnitine","display_name":"L-Carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The drug-linked ester is handled differently from free carnitine.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Effect of short- and long-term treatment with valproate on carnitine homeostasis in humans. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22743351/ · DOI 10.1097/FTD.0b013e3182608e2f","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"ad92d992-60bb-5dc1-b7fa-a5d4e1dc54d6","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 290-296","start_line":290,"end_line":296,"excerpt":"## l-carnitine-valproate-clearance\nThe drug-linked ester is handled differently from free carnitine.\nValproylcarnitine fractional renal excretion approached 100%, unlike the strongly reabsorbed free carnitine pool; transporter assays showed low OCTN2 affinity.\nModel: Human urine/plasma measurements and OCTN2 assays.\nLimitations: The authors found that excreted valproylcarnitine did not impair renal handling of free carnitine in vivo.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nEffect of short- and long-term treatment with valproate on carnitine homeostasis in humans. · 2012 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22743351/ · DOI 10.1097/FTD.0b013e3182608e2f","model_system":"Human urine/plasma measurements and OCTN2 assays.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"e2c9c42b-806a-55e2-abde-b0320ea94704","stable_key":"import-6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc","title":"L-Carnitine: synthesis, acyl-group transport, fuel selection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. 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