Component

Undercarboxylated prothrombin / PIVKA-II

Undercarboxylated prothrombin / PIVKA-II. Read linked claims for the population, experiment and limits.

4 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. Acenocoumarol increased uncarboxylated factor II, osteocalcin and dp-ucMGP and reduced endogenous thrombin generation.

    Acenocoumarol → Undercarboxylated prothrombin / PIVKA-II source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/k2-research/23530987.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "95455ea6f2fc6de10ed4d46cad9c1587c004ccd445d7b08066108261f161e6af", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1740, "text_sha256": "95455ea6f2fc6de10ed4d46cad9c1587c004ccd445d7b08066108261f161e6af"}
    experimental_model
    Sequential dose-response intervention during anticoagulation
    exposure
    Acenocoumarol followed by MK-7 10, 20 and 45 micrograms/day
    limitations
    Small pharmacological study; no dose here is a recommended safe self-adjustment. Drug was acenocoumarol, not warfarin.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin K2 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin K2 / menaquinone family
    organism
    18 healthy adults; 15 attained target INR
    plain_language
    The drug changed several proteins that share the same vitamin K cycle.
    primary_references
    [k2-p23530987] Effect of low-dose supplements of menaquinone-7 (vitamin K2 ) on the stability of oral anticoagulant treatment: dose-response relationship in healthy volunteers. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23530987/ DOI: 10.1111/jth.12203
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Coagulation, osteocalcin and MGP markers
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Vitamin K2: menaquinone forms, carboxylation, recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1033–1044

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sequential dose-response intervention during anticoagulation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### k2-acenocoumarol-markers Acenocoumarol increased uncarboxylated factor II, osteocalcin and dp-ucMGP and reduced endogenous thrombin generation. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Vitamin K2 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The drug changed several proteins that share the same vitamin K cycle. organism: 18 healthy adults; 15 attained target INR tissue_or_cell_type: Coagulation, osteocalcin and MGP markers experimental_model: Sequential dose-response intervention during anticoagulation limitations: Small pharmacological study; no dose here is a recommended safe self-adjustment. Drug was acenocoumarol, not warfarin. exposure: Acenocoumarol followed by MK-7 10, 20 and 45 micrograms/day evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/k2-research/23530987.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "95455ea6f2fc6de10ed4d46cad9c1587c004ccd445d7b08066108261f161e6af", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1740, "text_sha256": "95455ea6f2fc6de10ed4d46cad9c1587c004ccd445d7b08066108261f161e6af"} [k2-p23530987] Effect of low-dose supplements of menaquinone-7 (vitamin K2 ) on the stability of oral anticoagulant treatment: dose-response relationship in healthy volunteers. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23530987/ DOI: 10.1111/jth.12203
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. High-dose RRR-alpha-tocopherol increased PIVKA-II in both 12-week adult trials: mean values rose from 1.7 to 11.9 ng/mL and from 1.8 to 5.3 ng/mL.

    RRR-alpha-tocopherol → Undercarboxylated prothrombin / PIVKA-II source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    true
    experimental_model
    Two independent 12-week randomized trials; 38 adults with rheumatoid arthritis and 32 healthy men
    exposure
    RRR-alpha-tocopherol 1000 IU/day; participants were not receiving oral anticoagulant therapy.
    limitations
    Biochemical marker study, not a bleeding-events trial. The study does not identify CYP4F2 activation, direct GGCX inhibition or clinical vitamin K deficiency as the causal route.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin E
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    High-dose vitamin E altered a vitamin K-dependent clotting-protein marker.
    primary_references
    [e-clin-booth2004] Effect of vitamin E supplementation on vitamin K status in adults with normal coagulation status. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15213041/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/80.1.143
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Circulation and vitamin K-dependent carboxylation

    Vitamin E: transport, membrane protection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1258–1269

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Two independent 12-week randomized trials; 38 adults with rheumatoid arthritis and 32 healthy men · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### e-clin-vitamin-k-pivka High-dose RRR-alpha-tocopherol increased PIVKA-II in both 12-week adult trials: mean values rose from 1.7 to 11.9 ng/mL and from 1.8 to 5.3 ng/mL. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: High-dose vitamin E altered a vitamin K-dependent clotting-protein marker. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Circulation and vitamin K-dependent carboxylation experimental_model: Two independent 12-week randomized trials; 38 adults with rheumatoid arthritis and 32 healthy men limitations: Biochemical marker study, not a bleeding-events trial. The study does not identify CYP4F2 activation, direct GGCX inhibition or clinical vitamin K deficiency as the causal route. exposure: RRR-alpha-tocopherol 1000 IU/day; participants were not receiving oral anticoagulant therapy. cross_nutrient: true [e-clin-booth2004] Effect of vitamin E supplementation on vitamin K status in adults with normal coagulation status. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15213041/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/80.1.143
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. MK-7 at 45 micrograms/day lowered mean INR and uncarboxylated factor II by about 40%; lower doses altered anticoagulation in some participants.

    Menaquinone-7 / MK-7 → International normalized ratio / INR source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/k2-research/23530987.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "95455ea6f2fc6de10ed4d46cad9c1587c004ccd445d7b08066108261f161e6af", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1740, "text_sha256": "95455ea6f2fc6de10ed4d46cad9c1587c004ccd445d7b08066108261f161e6af"}
    experimental_model
    Sequential dose-response intervention during anticoagulation
    exposure
    Acenocoumarol followed by MK-7 10, 20 and 45 micrograms/day
    limitations
    Small pharmacological study; no dose here is a recommended safe self-adjustment. Drug was acenocoumarol, not warfarin.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin K2 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin K2 / menaquinone family
    organism
    18 healthy adults; 15 attained target INR
    plain_language
    K2 is involved in clotting as well as extrahepatic functions.
    primary_references
    [k2-p23530987] Effect of low-dose supplements of menaquinone-7 (vitamin K2 ) on the stability of oral anticoagulant treatment: dose-response relationship in healthy volunteers. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23530987/ DOI: 10.1111/jth.12203
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Coagulation, osteocalcin and MGP markers
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Vitamin K2: menaquinone forms, carboxylation, recycling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1046–1057

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sequential dose-response intervention during anticoagulation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### k2-mk7-inr MK-7 at 45 micrograms/day lowered mean INR and uncarboxylated factor II by about 40%; lower doses altered anticoagulation in some participants. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Vitamin K2 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: K2 is involved in clotting as well as extrahepatic functions. organism: 18 healthy adults; 15 attained target INR tissue_or_cell_type: Coagulation, osteocalcin and MGP markers experimental_model: Sequential dose-response intervention during anticoagulation limitations: Small pharmacological study; no dose here is a recommended safe self-adjustment. Drug was acenocoumarol, not warfarin. exposure: Acenocoumarol followed by MK-7 10, 20 and 45 micrograms/day evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/k2-research/23530987.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "95455ea6f2fc6de10ed4d46cad9c1587c004ccd445d7b08066108261f161e6af", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1740, "text_sha256": "95455ea6f2fc6de10ed4d46cad9c1587c004ccd445d7b08066108261f161e6af"} [k2-p23530987] Effect of low-dose supplements of menaquinone-7 (vitamin K2 ) on the stability of oral anticoagulant treatment: dose-response relationship in healthy volunteers. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23530987/ DOI: 10.1111/jth.12203
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Plasma phylloquinone and percentage undercarboxylated osteocalcin did not change significantly with vitamin E supplementation despite increased PIVKA-II.

    RRR-alpha-tocopherol → Undercarboxylated osteocalcin source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    cross_nutrient
    true
    experimental_model
    Two independent 12-week randomized trials; 38 adults with rheumatoid arthritis and 32 healthy men
    exposure
    RRR-alpha-tocopherol 1000 IU/day; participants were not receiving oral anticoagulant therapy.
    limitations
    Biochemical marker study, not a bleeding-events trial. The study does not identify CYP4F2 activation, direct GGCX inhibition or clinical vitamin K deficiency as the causal route.
    nutrient_topic
    Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin E
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    The vitamin K-related markers did not all respond in the same way.
    primary_references
    [e-clin-booth2004] Effect of vitamin E supplementation on vitamin K status in adults with normal coagulation status. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15213041/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/80.1.143
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Circulation and vitamin K-dependent carboxylation

    Vitamin E: transport, membrane protection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1271–1282

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Two independent 12-week randomized trials; 38 adults with rheumatoid arthritis and 32 healthy men · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### e-clin-vitamin-k-marker-boundary Plasma phylloquinone and percentage undercarboxylated osteocalcin did not change significantly with vitamin E supplementation despite increased PIVKA-II. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The vitamin K-related markers did not all respond in the same way. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Circulation and vitamin K-dependent carboxylation experimental_model: Two independent 12-week randomized trials; 38 adults with rheumatoid arthritis and 32 healthy men limitations: Biochemical marker study, not a bleeding-events trial. The study does not identify CYP4F2 activation, direct GGCX inhibition or clinical vitamin K deficiency as the causal route. exposure: RRR-alpha-tocopherol 1000 IU/day; participants were not receiving oral anticoagulant therapy. cross_nutrient: true [e-clin-booth2004] Effect of vitamin E supplementation on vitamin K status in adults with normal coagulation status. (2004). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15213041/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/80.1.143
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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