Component
Pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone
Pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone
3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What it acts on
PIH treatment lowered FECH protein without lowering FECH mRNA in human liver-cell models.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
- cross_nutrient
- B6-drug conjugation connects to iron-sensitive heme machinery.
- experimental_model
- Cell-free chemistry, primary human hepatocytes and HepG2/C3A cells
- exposure
- 100 micromolar PIH for 16 hours in the initial HepG2/C3A comparison; 24-hour PIH dose-response assays.
- limitations
- Direct destruction of the FECH iron-sulfur cluster was not demonstrated.
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin B6 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin B6
- organism
- Homo sapiens
- plain_language
- A drug-B6 conjugate affected a heme-making enzyme.
- primary_references
- [brewer-2019-isoniazid] The Isoniazid Metabolites Hydrazine and Pyridoxal Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone Modulate Heme Biosynthesis (2019). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6390808/ DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy294
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Primary human hepatocytes and HepG2/C3A cells
- trigger_kind
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
Vitamin B6: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1296–1307
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell-free chemistry, primary human hepatocytes and HepG2/C3A cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### b6-neuro-pih-fech-protein PIH treatment lowered FECH protein without lowering FECH mRNA in human liver-cell models. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Vitamin B6 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A drug-B6 conjugate affected a heme-making enzyme. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Primary human hepatocytes and HepG2/C3A cells experimental_model: Cell-free chemistry, primary human hepatocytes and HepG2/C3A cells limitations: Direct destruction of the FECH iron-sulfur cluster was not demonstrated. exposure: 100 micromolar PIH for 16 hours in the initial HepG2/C3A comparison; 24-hour PIH dose-response assays. cross_nutrient: B6-drug conjugation connects to iron-sensitive heme machinery. [brewer-2019-isoniazid] The Isoniazid Metabolites Hydrazine and Pyridoxal Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone Modulate Heme Biosynthesis (2019). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6390808/ DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy294
Complete structured claim and evidenceThe B6-isoniazid conjugate PIH bound iron in the study chelation assay.
Experimental context and source evidence
- cross_nutrient
- Drug-modified B6 chemistry creates an iron-binding molecule.
- experimental_model
- Cell-free chemistry, primary human hepatocytes and HepG2/C3A cells
- exposure
- Chrome azurol S assay; biochemical and cell-medium samples.
- limitations
- This endpoint does not establish nutritional iron deficiency in patients.
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin B6 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin B6
- organism
- Not applicable; chemical reaction
- plain_language
- The drug-B6 product also interacts with iron.
- primary_references
- [brewer-2019-isoniazid] The Isoniazid Metabolites Hydrazine and Pyridoxal Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone Modulate Heme Biosynthesis (2019). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6390808/ DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy294
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Cell-free chelation assay
Vitamin B6: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1283–1294
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell-free chemistry, primary human hepatocytes and HepG2/C3A cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### b6-neuro-pih-iron-chelation The B6-isoniazid conjugate PIH bound iron in the study chelation assay. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin B6 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The drug-B6 product also interacts with iron. organism: Not applicable; chemical reaction tissue_or_cell_type: Cell-free chelation assay experimental_model: Cell-free chemistry, primary human hepatocytes and HepG2/C3A cells limitations: This endpoint does not establish nutritional iron deficiency in patients. exposure: Chrome azurol S assay; biochemical and cell-medium samples. cross_nutrient: Drug-modified B6 chemistry creates an iron-binding molecule. [brewer-2019-isoniazid] The Isoniazid Metabolites Hydrazine and Pyridoxal Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone Modulate Heme Biosynthesis (2019). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6390808/ DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy294
Complete structured claim and evidence
Where it participates (unsigned role)
Isoniazid and pyridoxal formed PIH without cells or enzymes.
Experimental context and source evidence
- experimental_model
- Cell-free chemistry, primary human hepatocytes and HepG2/C3A cells
- exposure
- 1 mM reactants in PBS; timed incubations at 4 or 37 C.
- limitations
- High-concentration cell-free chemistry; not proof of neuronal depletion.
- nutrient_topic
- Vitamin B6 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Vitamin B6
- organism
- Not applicable; chemical reaction
- plain_language
- A drug can chemically capture a B6 vitamer.
- primary_references
- [brewer-2019-isoniazid] The Isoniazid Metabolites Hydrazine and Pyridoxal Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone Modulate Heme Biosynthesis (2019). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6390808/ DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy294
- tissue_or_cell_type
- Cell-free PBS
Vitamin B6: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 1271–1281
AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Cell-free chemistry, primary human hepatocytes and HepG2/C3A cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
### b6-neuro-isoniazid-pl-conjugation Isoniazid and pyridoxal formed PIH without cells or enzymes. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Vitamin B6 research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A drug can chemically capture a B6 vitamer. organism: Not applicable; chemical reaction tissue_or_cell_type: Cell-free PBS experimental_model: Cell-free chemistry, primary human hepatocytes and HepG2/C3A cells limitations: High-concentration cell-free chemistry; not proof of neuronal depletion. exposure: 1 mM reactants in PBS; timed incubations at 4 or 37 C. [brewer-2019-isoniazid] The Isoniazid Metabolites Hydrazine and Pyridoxal Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone Modulate Heme Biosynthesis (2019). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6390808/ DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy294
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.