Component

Human plasma cholecystokinin response

Human plasma cholecystokinin response. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. In ten healthy men, intraduodenal phenylalanine at 0.15 or 0.45 kcal/min for 90 minutes increased plasma CCK.

    L-Phenylalanine → Human plasma cholecystokinin response source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text
    experimental_model
    Randomized crossover intraduodenal infusion study.
    limitations
    This route and exposure differ from eating mixed protein; measured hormones do not identify the responsible receptor.
    nutrient_topic
    L-Phenylalanine collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · L-Phenylalanine
    plain_language
    Directly delivering phenylalanine to the small intestine changed a human gut-hormone signal.
    primary_references
    Effects of Intraduodenal Infusions of L-phenylalanine and L-glutamine on Antropyloroduodenal Motility and Plasma Cholecystokinin in Healthy Men. · 2015 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26130636/ · DOI 10.5056/jnm14143

    L-Phenylalanine: transport, protein synthesis, cofactor recycling and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 326–332

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized crossover intraduodenal infusion study. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## l-phenylalanine-human-gut-hormone Directly delivering phenylalanine to the small intestine changed a human gut-hormone signal. In ten healthy men, intraduodenal phenylalanine at 0.15 or 0.45 kcal/min for 90 minutes increased plasma CCK. Model: Randomized crossover intraduodenal infusion study. Limitations: This route and exposure differ from eating mixed protein; measured hormones do not identify the responsible receptor. Evidence access: Primary full text Effects of Intraduodenal Infusions of L-phenylalanine and L-glutamine on Antropyloroduodenal Motility and Plasma Cholecystokinin in Healthy Men. · 2015 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26130636/ · DOI 10.5056/jnm14143
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Adding lactisole to sucrose did not significantly change postprandial plasma CCK.

    Lactisole → Human plasma cholecystokinin response source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    300 mL of 10% w/v sucrose with or without 60 ppm lactisole; parallel glucose conditions
    duration
    120 minutes; breakfast at 2 hours
    evidence_access
    Primary full-text methods/results and metadata inspected.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; source-specific curation
    experimental_model
    27 healthy men in randomized single-blinded crossover
    exposure_scope
    Sucrose and taste antagonist
    limitations
    Acute experiment in men; peripheral serotonin is not brain serotonin. Receptor mediation and binding-affinity explanation were not directly established; no long-term weight outcome.
    nutrient_topic
    Sucrose chapter; direct sucrose observations are distinguished from shared component metabolism. · Sucrose
    organism
    27 healthy men in randomized single-blinded crossover
    plain_language
    Adding lactisole to sucrose did not significantly change postprandial plasma CCK.
    primary_references
    Sweet Taste Antagonist Lactisole Administered in Combination with Sucrose, But Not Glucose, Increases Energy Intake and Decreases Peripheral Serotonin in Male Subjects. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33066498/ DOI: 10.3390/nu12103133
    route
    Oral test drink after overnight fast
    tissue
    Subsequent food intake and peripheral hormone measurements

    Sucrose: mechanism of action and metabolic impact (2026-09-20) · lines 139–149

    Original AI-assisted source-specific sucrose curation with shared canonical claims retained by identity. Primary-study citations, negative findings, exposure details and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · 27 healthy men in randomized single-blinded crossover · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## sucrose-lactisole-cck-null Adding lactisole to sucrose did not significantly change postprandial plasma CCK. Model/species: 27 healthy men in randomized single-blinded crossover Tissue: Subsequent food intake and peripheral hormone measurements Exposure: 300 mL of 10% w/v sucrose with or without 60 ppm lactisole; parallel glucose conditions Route: Oral test drink after overnight fast Duration: 120 minutes; breakfast at 2 hours Exposure scope: Sucrose and taste antagonist Limits: Acute experiment in men; peripheral serotonin is not brain serotonin. Receptor mediation and binding-affinity explanation were not directly established; no long-term weight outcome. Reference: Sweet Taste Antagonist Lactisole Administered in Combination with Sucrose, But Not Glucose, Increases Energy Intake and Decreases Peripheral Serotonin in Male Subjects. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33066498/ DOI: 10.3390/nu12103133 Access: Primary full-text methods/results and metadata inspected.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. The satiety finding was not accompanied by a significant CCK change.

    Pectin, structurally heterogeneous plant polysaccharides → Human plasma cholecystokinin response source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/pectin-research/2689931.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f3b008530bce6948a60fde1f68eff60e2bbec7ba0cc46b4bce2e56cd8313513", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 277, "text_sha256": "5f3b008530bce6948a60fde1f68eff60e2bbec7ba0cc46b4bce2e56cd8313513"}
    experimental_model
    Meal study with scintigraphic gastric emptying
    exposure
    Pectin compared with methylcellulose; dose not resolved in indexed abstract
    limitations
    Small context-specific study; subjective satiety does not establish durable weight loss.
    nutrient_topic
    Pectin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Pectin, structurally heterogeneous plant polysaccharides
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    The study did not identify CCK as the explanation.
    primary_references
    [pectin-p2689931] Pectin delays gastric emptying. (1989). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2689931/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1989.tb02860.x
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Stomach, satiety and plasma hormones in obesity

    Pectin: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 841–852

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Meal study with scintigraphic gastric emptying · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### pectin-cck-null The satiety finding was not accompanied by a significant CCK change. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Pectin research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The study did not identify CCK as the explanation. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: Stomach, satiety and plasma hormones in obesity experimental_model: Meal study with scintigraphic gastric emptying limitations: Small context-specific study; subjective satiety does not establish durable weight loss. exposure: Pectin compared with methylcellulose; dose not resolved in indexed abstract evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/pectin-research/2689931.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "5f3b008530bce6948a60fde1f68eff60e2bbec7ba0cc46b4bce2e56cd8313513", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 277, "text_sha256": "5f3b008530bce6948a60fde1f68eff60e2bbec7ba0cc46b4bce2e56cd8313513"} [pectin-p2689931] Pectin delays gastric emptying. (1989). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2689931/ DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1989.tb02860.x
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards