{"id":"2a90ee50-a8d6-5889-9044-d810e8dac444","stable_key":"56f1d914-e7da-595a-af69-c217b2b47407:l-phenylalanine-human-gut-hormone","predicate":"increases","statement":"In ten healthy men, intraduodenal phenylalanine at 0.15 or 0.45 kcal/min for 90 minutes increased plasma CCK.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"ba196dd0-e643-587a-bd4f-23e5f9ef077b","mechanism_event_label":"Directly delivering phenylalanine to the small intestine changed a human gut-hormone signal.","subject":{"id":"190407ad-0219-54b5-b05f-7c75f3895ca6","slug":"l-phenylalanine","display_name":"L-Phenylalanine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"b9055bcc-4ae0-53b8-8d47-6996487b83eb","slug":"plasma-cck-response","display_name":"Human plasma cholecystokinin response","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"ba196dd0-e643-587a-bd4f-23e5f9ef077b","stable_key":"56f1d914-e7da-595a-af69-c217b2b47407:l-phenylalanine-human-gut-hormone-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Directly delivering phenylalanine to the small intestine changed a human gut-hormone signal.","description":"In ten healthy men, intraduodenal phenylalanine at 0.15 or 0.45 kcal/min for 90 minutes increased plasma CCK.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"190407ad-0219-54b5-b05f-7c75f3895ca6","slug":"l-phenylalanine","display_name":"L-Phenylalanine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"b9055bcc-4ae0-53b8-8d47-6996487b83eb","slug":"plasma-cck-response","display_name":"Human plasma cholecystokinin response","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Randomized crossover intraduodenal infusion study.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"This route and exposure differ from eating mixed protein; measured hormones do not identify the responsible receptor.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"L-Phenylalanine collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"l-phenylalanine","display_name":"L-Phenylalanine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Directly delivering phenylalanine to the small intestine changed a human gut-hormone signal.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Effects of Intraduodenal Infusions of L-phenylalanine and L-glutamine on Antropyloroduodenal Motility and Plasma Cholecystokinin in Healthy Men. · 2015 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26130636/ · DOI 10.5056/jnm14143","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"3aa8f8cf-2594-5b57-a7b7-8d3746a06ac0","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 326-332","start_line":326,"end_line":332,"excerpt":"## l-phenylalanine-human-gut-hormone\nDirectly delivering phenylalanine to the small intestine changed a human gut-hormone signal.\nIn ten healthy men, intraduodenal phenylalanine at 0.15 or 0.45 kcal/min for 90 minutes increased plasma CCK.\nModel: Randomized crossover intraduodenal infusion study.\nLimitations: This route and exposure differ from eating mixed protein; measured hormones do not identify the responsible receptor.\nEvidence access: Primary full text\nEffects of Intraduodenal Infusions of L-phenylalanine and L-glutamine on Antropyloroduodenal Motility and Plasma Cholecystokinin in Healthy Men. · 2015 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26130636/ · DOI 10.5056/jnm14143","model_system":"Randomized crossover intraduodenal infusion study.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"54de7c56-1e60-5d7b-8ef9-852c58ae92ba","stable_key":"import-56f1d914-e7da-595a-af69-c217b2b47407","title":"L-Phenylalanine: transport, protein synthesis, cofactor recycling and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. 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