Component
Human N1-acetylpolyamine oxidase / PAOX
Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.
4 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What it acts on
PAOX/SMOX knockout reduced polyamine-associated sensitization to ferroptosis in A549 and HT1080 cells.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
- evidence_access
- Primary full text
- experimental_model
- Human cancer-cell genetic experiments; mixed polyamine comparisons.
- limitations
- Polyamine-class result; do not attribute all experiments to spermidine alone.
- nutrient_topic
- Spermidine collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Spermidine
- plain_language
- Oxidative breakdown provides another route to lipid injury.
- primary_references
- Polyamine-mediated ferroptosis amplification acts as a targetable vulnerability in cancer. · 2024 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38504107/ · DOI 10.1038/s41467-024-46776-w
- trigger_kind
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
Spermidine: biosynthesis, hypusination, transport and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 534–540
AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human cancer-cell genetic experiments; mixed polyamine comparisons. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## spermidine-oxidase-ferroptosis Oxidative breakdown provides another route to lipid injury. PAOX/SMOX knockout reduced polyamine-associated sensitization to ferroptosis in A549 and HT1080 cells. Model: Human cancer-cell genetic experiments; mixed polyamine comparisons. Limitations: Polyamine-class result; do not attribute all experiments to spermidine alone. Evidence access: Primary full text Polyamine-mediated ferroptosis amplification acts as a targetable vulnerability in cancer. · 2024 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38504107/ · DOI 10.1038/s41467-024-46776-w
Complete structured claim and evidenceRecombinant human PAOX oxidized N1-acetylspermidine with Km 2.1 micromolar and kcat 15 per second.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract
- experimental_model
- Purified human enzyme.
- limitations
- Do not apply these values to unmodified spermidine or a human plasma target.
- nutrient_topic
- Spermidine collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Spermidine
- plain_language
- The acetylated molecule has its own enzyme kinetics.
- primary_references
- Properties of recombinant human N1-acetylpolyamine oxidase (hPAO): potential role in determining drug sensitivity. · 2005 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15791459/ · DOI 10.1007/s00280-004-0936-5
Spermidine: biosynthesis, hypusination, transport and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 94–100
AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified human enzyme. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## spermidine-paox-acetylspermidine The acetylated molecule has its own enzyme kinetics. Recombinant human PAOX oxidized N1-acetylspermidine with Km 2.1 micromolar and kcat 15 per second. Model: Purified human enzyme. Limitations: Do not apply these values to unmodified spermidine or a human plasma target. Evidence access: Primary abstract Properties of recombinant human N1-acetylpolyamine oxidase (hPAO): potential role in determining drug sensitivity. · 2005 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15791459/ · DOI 10.1007/s00280-004-0936-5
Complete structured claim and evidenceHuman PAOX oxidized N1-acetylspermine with Km 0.85 micromolar and kcat 31.7 per second.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract
- experimental_model
- Purified human enzyme.
- limitations
- Substrate specificity differs from SMOX; enzyme turnover is not whole-body turnover.
- nutrient_topic
- Spermidine collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Spermidine
- plain_language
- Back-conversion depends on which polyamine was acetylated.
- primary_references
- Properties of recombinant human N1-acetylpolyamine oxidase (hPAO): potential role in determining drug sensitivity. · 2005 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15791459/ · DOI 10.1007/s00280-004-0936-5
Spermidine: biosynthesis, hypusination, transport and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 102–108
AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified human enzyme. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## spermidine-paox-acetylspermine Back-conversion depends on which polyamine was acetylated. Human PAOX oxidized N1-acetylspermine with Km 0.85 micromolar and kcat 31.7 per second. Model: Purified human enzyme. Limitations: Substrate specificity differs from SMOX; enzyme turnover is not whole-body turnover. Evidence access: Primary abstract Properties of recombinant human N1-acetylpolyamine oxidase (hPAO): potential role in determining drug sensitivity. · 2005 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15791459/ · DOI 10.1007/s00280-004-0936-5
Complete structured claim and evidenceThe recombinant human PAOX preparation did not efficiently oxidize unacetylated spermine.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract
- experimental_model
- Purified enzyme comparison.
- limitations
- Do not substitute PAOX for SMOX in the graph.
- nutrient_topic
- Spermidine collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Spermidine
- plain_language
- Acetylation changes substrate recognition.
- primary_references
- Properties of recombinant human N1-acetylpolyamine oxidase (hPAO): potential role in determining drug sensitivity. · 2005 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15791459/ · DOI 10.1007/s00280-004-0936-5
Spermidine: biosynthesis, hypusination, transport and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 110–116
AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Purified enzyme comparison. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## spermidine-paox-spermine-null Acetylation changes substrate recognition. The recombinant human PAOX preparation did not efficiently oxidize unacetylated spermine. Model: Purified enzyme comparison. Limitations: Do not substitute PAOX for SMOX in the graph. Evidence access: Primary abstract Properties of recombinant human N1-acetylpolyamine oxidase (hPAO): potential role in determining drug sensitivity. · 2005 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15791459/ · DOI 10.1007/s00280-004-0936-5
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.