Component

Skeletal-muscle fiber cross-sectional area

Skeletal-muscle fiber cross-sectional area. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. Muscle-fiber cross-sectional area and fat-free mass increased more with creatine than placebo during the 12-week resistance program.

    Creatine → Skeletal-muscle fiber cross-sectional area source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/creatine-research/10449017.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "945065c1e6c32f344bfc4092d1306d6ebed2354e688efe65bd73702af096729e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1770, "text_sha256": "945065c1e6c32f344bfc4092d1306d6ebed2354e688efe65bd73702af096729e"}
    experimental_model
    Twelve-week randomized resistance-training trial
    exposure
    25 g/day creatine for one week then 5 g/day, with standardized resistance training
    limitations
    Small male training study; mechanistic explanations for greater training adaptation are hypotheses, not directly established signaling pathways.
    nutrient_topic
    Creatine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Creatine
    organism
    19 resistance-trained men
    plain_language
    The study found tissue and body-composition changes as well as strength changes.
    primary_references
    [creatine-p10449017] Performance and muscle fiber adaptations to creatine supplementation and heavy resistance training. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10449017/ DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199908000-00011
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Muscle performance and muscle biopsies

    Creatine: synthesis, transport, phosphocreatine energetics and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 984–995

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Twelve-week randomized resistance-training trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### creatine-training-fiber-growth Muscle-fiber cross-sectional area and fat-free mass increased more with creatine than placebo during the 12-week resistance program. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Creatine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The study found tissue and body-composition changes as well as strength changes. organism: 19 resistance-trained men tissue_or_cell_type: Muscle performance and muscle biopsies experimental_model: Twelve-week randomized resistance-training trial limitations: Small male training study; mechanistic explanations for greater training adaptation are hypotheses, not directly established signaling pathways. exposure: 25 g/day creatine for one week then 5 g/day, with standardized resistance training evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/creatine-research/10449017.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "945065c1e6c32f344bfc4092d1306d6ebed2354e688efe65bd73702af096729e", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1770, "text_sha256": "945065c1e6c32f344bfc4092d1306d6ebed2354e688efe65bd73702af096729e"} [creatine-p10449017] Performance and muscle fiber adaptations to creatine supplementation and heavy resistance training. (1999). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10449017/ DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199908000-00011
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Strength and muscle mass increased more with active recovery than with cold water immersion, with isokinetic work up 19%, type II fibre cross-sectional area up 17% and myonuclei per fibre up 26% in the active recovery group but not the immersion group.

    Cold water immersion → Skeletal muscle fibre hypertrophy source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/cold-research/26174323.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "91eff53ecc4779637af3d6fd47a67892729e3a896fdc8738f69d1c7936b4787d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1595, "text_sha256": "91eff53ecc4779637af3d6fd47a67892729e3a896fdc8738f69d1c7936b4787d"}
    experimental_model
    Twelve weeks of strength training in 21 men with immersion or active recovery, plus a biopsy study in nine men
    exposure
    10 minutes of cold water immersion after each training session, twice weekly for 12 weeks
    limitations
    A randomised training study with muscle biopsies. It measures long-term adaptation rather than acute recovery, which is why it can disagree with the soreness literature without contradicting it.
    nutrient_topic
    Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. · Cold water immersion
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    Twelve weeks of plunging after lifting left people smaller and weaker than not plunging.
    primary_references
    [cold-p26174323] Post-exercise cold water immersion attenuates acute anabolic signalling and long-term adaptations in muscle to strength training. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26174323/ DOI: 10.1113/jp270570
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Skeletal muscle

    Cold water immersion: cold sensing, heat production, the catecholamine axis and what repeated exposure changes (2026-09-19) · lines 806–817

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Twelve weeks of strength training in 21 men with immersion or active recovery, plus a biopsy study in nine men · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### cold-cwi-blunts-hypertrophy Strength and muscle mass increased more with active recovery than with cold water immersion, with isokinetic work up 19%, type II fibre cross-sectional area up 17% and myonuclei per fibre up 26% in the active recovery group but not the immersion group. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. plain_language: Twelve weeks of plunging after lifting left people smaller and weaker than not plunging. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Skeletal muscle experimental_model: Twelve weeks of strength training in 21 men with immersion or active recovery, plus a biopsy study in nine men limitations: A randomised training study with muscle biopsies. It measures long-term adaptation rather than acute recovery, which is why it can disagree with the soreness literature without contradicting it. exposure: 10 minutes of cold water immersion after each training session, twice weekly for 12 weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/cold-research/26174323.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "91eff53ecc4779637af3d6fd47a67892729e3a896fdc8738f69d1c7936b4787d", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1595, "text_sha256": "91eff53ecc4779637af3d6fd47a67892729e3a896fdc8738f69d1c7936b4787d"} [cold-p26174323] Post-exercise cold water immersion attenuates acute anabolic signalling and long-term adaptations in muscle to strength training. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26174323/ DOI: 10.1113/jp270570
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Improvements in one-repetition maximum leg press were similar between immersion and control groups, whereas increases in type II muscle fibre cross-sectional area were attenuated with immersion.

    Cold water immersion → Skeletal muscle strength source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/cold-research/31513450.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f39d3b6bef4879805e7aab7b14df67921ac12765af5d4466836936039ad7a872", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2195, "text_sha256": "f39d3b6bef4879805e7aab7b14df67921ac12765af5d4466836936039ad7a872"}
    experimental_model
    Sixteen men completing seven weeks of whole-body resistance training with immersion or passive recovery
    exposure
    15 minutes at 10 degrees C after each session, three days a week for seven weeks
    limitations
    A second training study with molecular endpoints. It reproduces the fibre-size result but not the strength result, which is the disagreement recorded in this collection.
    nutrient_topic
    Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. · Cold water immersion
    organism
    Human
    plain_language
    Here the cold cost fibre size but not the weight people could lift.
    primary_references
    [cold-p31513450] Cold water immersion attenuates anabolic signaling and skeletal muscle fiber hypertrophy, but not strength gain, following whole-body resistance training. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31513450/ DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00127.2019
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Skeletal muscle

    Cold water immersion: cold sensing, heat production, the catecholamine axis and what repeated exposure changes (2026-09-19) · lines 832–843

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Sixteen men completing seven weeks of whole-body resistance training with immersion or passive recovery · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### cold-cwi-strength-preserved Improvements in one-repetition maximum leg press were similar between immersion and control groups, whereas increases in type II muscle fibre cross-sectional area were attenuated with immersion. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Cold water immersion research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and a therapeutic exposure is not a dietary intake. plain_language: Here the cold cost fibre size but not the weight people could lift. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Skeletal muscle experimental_model: Sixteen men completing seven weeks of whole-body resistance training with immersion or passive recovery limitations: A second training study with molecular endpoints. It reproduces the fibre-size result but not the strength result, which is the disagreement recorded in this collection. exposure: 15 minutes at 10 degrees C after each session, three days a week for seven weeks evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/cold-research/31513450.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "f39d3b6bef4879805e7aab7b14df67921ac12765af5d4466836936039ad7a872", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2195, "text_sha256": "f39d3b6bef4879805e7aab7b14df67921ac12765af5d4466836936039ad7a872"} [cold-p31513450] Cold water immersion attenuates anabolic signaling and skeletal muscle fiber hypertrophy, but not strength gain, following whole-body resistance training. (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31513450/ DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00127.2019
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards