Component
Prostaglandin D2 production in mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages
Experimental species, exposure and limitations are retained on each linked claim.
2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
Adding DPI prevented the indicaxanthin-associated increase in PGD2 production in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
- dose
- Indicaxanthin 50-100 micromolar; DPI 1 micromolar; LPS 1 microgram/mL
- duration
- Indicaxanthin 1 h before LPS; PGD2 at 8 h
- evidence_access
- Primary open full text, relevant results/methods and PubMed metadata.
- evidence_scope
- literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation
- experimental_model
- LPS-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages with DPI exposure
- limitations
- DPI is not NOX-isoform-selective; pharmacological sensitivity does not establish NOX2 necessity or a nutrient deficiency.
- nutrient_topic
- Dedicated indicaxanthin chapter; original betalain family identity and shared claims preserved. · Indicaxanthin
- organism
- LPS-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages with DPI exposure
- plain_language
- Adding DPI prevented the indicaxanthin-associated increase in PGD2 production in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages.
- primary_references
- Pro-oxidant activity of indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus indica modulates arachidonate metabolism and prostaglandin synthesis through lipid peroxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25180166/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.07.004
- route
- In vitro co-incubation
- tissue
- Redox-dependent prostaglandin pathway
- trigger_kind
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
Indicaxanthin: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 184–193
Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen additional primary studies, with twenty-six existing claims from eight studies linked unchanged. Study-specific citations and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · LPS-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages with DPI exposure · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## indicaxanthin-dpi-pgd2-blockade Adding DPI prevented the indicaxanthin-associated increase in PGD2 production in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages. Model/species: LPS-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages with DPI exposure Tissue: Redox-dependent prostaglandin pathway Exposure: Indicaxanthin 50-100 micromolar; DPI 1 micromolar; LPS 1 microgram/mL Route: In vitro co-incubation Duration: Indicaxanthin 1 h before LPS; PGD2 at 8 h Limits: DPI is not NOX-isoform-selective; pharmacological sensitivity does not establish NOX2 necessity or a nutrient deficiency. Primary reference: Pro-oxidant activity of indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus indica modulates arachidonate metabolism and prostaglandin synthesis through lipid peroxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25180166/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.07.004 Access: Primary open full text, relevant results/methods and PubMed metadata.
Complete structured claim and evidenceCo-incubated alpha-tocopherol prevented the indicaxanthin-associated increase in PGD2 production in stimulated mouse macrophages.
Experimental context and source evidence
- dose
- Indicaxanthin 50-100 micromolar; alpha-tocopherol 100 micromolar; LPS 1 microgram/mL
- duration
- Indicaxanthin 1 h before LPS; lipid peroxides at 0.5 h, PGD2 at 8 h
- evidence_access
- Primary open full text, relevant results/methods and PubMed metadata.
- evidence_scope
- literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation
- experimental_model
- LPS-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages
- limitations
- Experimental vitamin E antagonism of this response is not evidence that vitamin E intake is harmful or that avoiding supplementation improves clinical outcomes.
- nutrient_topic
- Dedicated indicaxanthin chapter; original betalain family identity and shared claims preserved. · Indicaxanthin
- organism
- LPS-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages
- plain_language
- Co-incubated alpha-tocopherol prevented the indicaxanthin-associated increase in PGD2 production in stimulated mouse macrophages.
- primary_references
- Pro-oxidant activity of indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus indica modulates arachidonate metabolism and prostaglandin synthesis through lipid peroxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25180166/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.07.004
- route
- In vitro co-incubation
- tissue
- Membrane lipid oxidation and PGD2 production
Indicaxanthin: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 173–182
Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen additional primary studies, with twenty-six existing claims from eight studies linked unchanged. Study-specific citations and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · LPS-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## indicaxanthin-vitamin-e-pgd2-antagonism Co-incubated alpha-tocopherol prevented the indicaxanthin-associated increase in PGD2 production in stimulated mouse macrophages. Model/species: LPS-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages Tissue: Membrane lipid oxidation and PGD2 production Exposure: Indicaxanthin 50-100 micromolar; alpha-tocopherol 100 micromolar; LPS 1 microgram/mL Route: In vitro co-incubation Duration: Indicaxanthin 1 h before LPS; lipid peroxides at 0.5 h, PGD2 at 8 h Limits: Experimental vitamin E antagonism of this response is not evidence that vitamin E intake is harmful or that avoiding supplementation improves clinical outcomes. Primary reference: Pro-oxidant activity of indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus indica modulates arachidonate metabolism and prostaglandin synthesis through lipid peroxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25180166/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.07.004 Access: Primary open full text, relevant results/methods and PubMed metadata.
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.