{"id":"d4dcf56a-f6e5-552d-b8ef-f0e0240f70d6","stable_key":"c94a9824-35fb-523c-b421-dc7341218dcb:indicaxanthin-vitamin-e-pgd2-antagonism","predicate":"prevents_indicaxanthin_increase","statement":"Co-incubated alpha-tocopherol prevented the indicaxanthin-associated increase in PGD2 production in stimulated mouse macrophages.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"2b67c286-482c-5586-9696-56390ded31e0","mechanism_event_label":"Co-incubated alpha-tocopherol prevented the indicaxanthin-associated increase in PGD2 production in stimulated mouse macrophages.","subject":{"id":"40a6525a-76b8-576e-b73d-1e11aecf5f8d","slug":"alpha-tocopherol","display_name":"Alpha-tocopherol","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"327bf30e-7a1e-544c-b7e2-1e1e773125cc","slug":"mouse-raw2647-pgd2-production","display_name":"Prostaglandin D2 production in mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"2b67c286-482c-5586-9696-56390ded31e0","stable_key":"c94a9824-35fb-523c-b421-dc7341218dcb:indicaxanthin-vitamin-e-pgd2-antagonism-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Co-incubated alpha-tocopherol prevented the indicaxanthin-associated increase in PGD2 production in stimulated mouse macrophages.","description":"Co-incubated alpha-tocopherol prevented the indicaxanthin-associated increase in PGD2 production in stimulated mouse macrophages.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"40a6525a-76b8-576e-b73d-1e11aecf5f8d","slug":"alpha-tocopherol","display_name":"Alpha-tocopherol","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"327bf30e-7a1e-544c-b7e2-1e1e773125cc","slug":"mouse-raw2647-pgd2-production","display_name":"Prostaglandin D2 production in mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"f2a6e469-05f0-5596-9054-da926389f584","slug":"indicaxanthin","display_name":"Indicaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"51dae53e-ef81-5060-98e8-b1a519819cb6","slug":"prostaglandin-d2","display_name":"Prostaglandin D2","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"dose","value_text":"Indicaxanthin 50-100 micromolar; alpha-tocopherol 100 micromolar; LPS 1 microgram/mL","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"Indicaxanthin 1 h before LPS; lipid peroxides at 0.5 h, PGD2 at 8 h","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary open full text, relevant results/methods and PubMed metadata.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_scope","value_text":"literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"LPS-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Experimental vitamin E antagonism of this response is not evidence that vitamin E intake is harmful or that avoiding supplementation improves clinical outcomes.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Dedicated indicaxanthin chapter; original betalain family identity and shared claims preserved.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"indicaxanthin","display_name":"Indicaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"LPS-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Co-incubated alpha-tocopherol prevented the indicaxanthin-associated increase in PGD2 production in stimulated mouse macrophages.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Pro-oxidant activity of indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus indica modulates arachidonate metabolism and prostaglandin synthesis through lipid peroxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25180166/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.07.004","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"route","value_text":"In vitro co-incubation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue","value_text":"Membrane lipid oxidation and PGD2 production","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"7390f666-8cb1-5a36-ba35-91f79db0db79","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 173-182","start_line":173,"end_line":182,"excerpt":"## indicaxanthin-vitamin-e-pgd2-antagonism\nCo-incubated alpha-tocopherol prevented the indicaxanthin-associated increase in PGD2 production in stimulated mouse macrophages.\nModel/species: LPS-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages\nTissue: Membrane lipid oxidation and PGD2 production\nExposure: Indicaxanthin 50-100 micromolar; alpha-tocopherol 100 micromolar; LPS 1 microgram/mL\nRoute: In vitro co-incubation\nDuration: Indicaxanthin 1 h before LPS; lipid peroxides at 0.5 h, PGD2 at 8 h\nLimits: Experimental vitamin E antagonism of this response is not evidence that vitamin E intake is harmful or that avoiding supplementation improves clinical outcomes.\nPrimary reference: Pro-oxidant activity of indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus indica modulates arachidonate metabolism and prostaglandin synthesis through lipid peroxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25180166/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.07.004\nAccess: Primary open full text, relevant results/methods and PubMed metadata.","model_system":"LPS-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact archived curation span; original paraphrase with primary citation.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"18b7303c-98b7-54cb-ae8e-a8c6257657b1","stable_key":"import-c94a9824-35fb-523c-b421-dc7341218dcb","title":"Indicaxanthin: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen additional primary studies, with twenty-six existing claims from eight studies linked unchanged. Study-specific citations and limitations retained. 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