Component

Mouse GLUT4 movement toward or into the cell surface

Mouse GLUT4 movement toward or into the cell surface. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What acts on it

  1. The aqueous extract increased GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

    C. zeylanicum aqueous extract in the 2010 rat/cell study → Mouse GLUT4 movement toward or into the cell surface source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/ceylon-research/21150113.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3a58afe3cd3cd503ea2fba0faeb90aee891bceab69a523e3a8c1de27ed9c04d9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1075, "text_sha256": "3a58afe3cd3cd503ea2fba0faeb90aee891bceab69a523e3a8c1de27ed9c04d9"}
    experimental_model
    STZ-diabetic rat treatment and mouse adipocyte experiments
    exposure
    Aqueous extract for 22 days in rats; effects reported above 30 mg/kg/day
    limitations
    Extract effects cannot be assigned to pure cinnamaldehyde or substituted for insulin in humans.
    nutrient_topic
    Ceylon cinnamon research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Ceylon cinnamon / Cinnamomum verum bark preparations
    organism
    Mouse
    plain_language
    Mouse fat cells moved more glucose transporters toward the cell surface.
    primary_references
    [ceylon-p21150113] Verification of the antidiabetic effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) using insulin-uncontrolled type 1 diabetic rats and cultured adipocytes. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21150113/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100453
    tissue_or_cell_type
    3T3-L1 adipocytes

    Ceylon cinnamon: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 493–504

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · STZ-diabetic rat treatment and mouse adipocyte experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### ceylon-mouse-glut4 The aqueous extract increased GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Ceylon cinnamon research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Mouse fat cells moved more glucose transporters toward the cell surface. organism: Mouse tissue_or_cell_type: 3T3-L1 adipocytes experimental_model: STZ-diabetic rat treatment and mouse adipocyte experiments limitations: Extract effects cannot be assigned to pure cinnamaldehyde or substituted for insulin in humans. exposure: Aqueous extract for 22 days in rats; effects reported above 30 mg/kg/day evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/ceylon-research/21150113.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "3a58afe3cd3cd503ea2fba0faeb90aee891bceab69a523e3a8c1de27ed9c04d9", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1075, "text_sha256": "3a58afe3cd3cd503ea2fba0faeb90aee891bceab69a523e3a8c1de27ed9c04d9"} [ceylon-p21150113] Verification of the antidiabetic effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) using insulin-uncontrolled type 1 diabetic rats and cultured adipocytes. (2010). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21150113/ DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100453
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. The tested chloride form mobilized GLUT4-containing vesicles toward the cell surface; insulin promoted their incorporation into the plasma membrane.

    Chromium(III) chloride → Mouse GLUT4 movement toward or into the cell surface source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/chromium-research/16339278.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "57c07800ec80a0386c1c510fe0bd73bc5ebf196541580a5255565f8deafde657", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "57c07800ec80a0386c1c510fe0bd73bc5ebf196541580a5255565f8deafde657"}
    experimental_model
    GLUT4 trafficking, glucose uptake and cholesterol add-back experiments
    exposure
    Chromium(III) chloride or chromium picolinate; insulin stimulation and cholesterol manipulation
    limitations
    Cell-culture pharmacology does not establish an essential dietary function. Vesicle arrival near the membrane and actual membrane insertion are different observations; no amplification of the tested proximal insulin signals was found.
    nutrient_topic
    Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Chromium
    organism
    Mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes
    plain_language
    Chromium exposure moved glucose transporters closer to the surface, but insulin was still needed for the functional response.
    primary_references
    [chromium-p16339278] Chromium activates glucose transporter 4 trafficking and enhances insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via a cholesterol-dependent mechanism. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16339278/ DOI: 10.1210/me.2005-0255
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Cultured adipocyte plasma membrane

    Chromium: transport, insulin signaling, nutrient interactions and essentiality debate (2026-09-17) · lines 315–326

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · GLUT4 trafficking, glucose uptake and cholesterol add-back experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### chromium-chloride-glut4 The tested chloride form mobilized GLUT4-containing vesicles toward the cell surface; insulin promoted their incorporation into the plasma membrane. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Chromium exposure moved glucose transporters closer to the surface, but insulin was still needed for the functional response. organism: Mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes tissue_or_cell_type: Cultured adipocyte plasma membrane experimental_model: GLUT4 trafficking, glucose uptake and cholesterol add-back experiments limitations: Cell-culture pharmacology does not establish an essential dietary function. Vesicle arrival near the membrane and actual membrane insertion are different observations; no amplification of the tested proximal insulin signals was found. exposure: Chromium(III) chloride or chromium picolinate; insulin stimulation and cholesterol manipulation evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/chromium-research/16339278.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "57c07800ec80a0386c1c510fe0bd73bc5ebf196541580a5255565f8deafde657", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "57c07800ec80a0386c1c510fe0bd73bc5ebf196541580a5255565f8deafde657"} [chromium-p16339278] Chromium activates glucose transporter 4 trafficking and enhances insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via a cholesterol-dependent mechanism. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16339278/ DOI: 10.1210/me.2005-0255
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. The tested picolinate form mobilized GLUT4-containing vesicles toward the cell surface; insulin promoted their incorporation into the plasma membrane.

    Chromium(III) picolinate / CrPic → Mouse GLUT4 movement toward or into the cell surface source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/chromium-research/16339278.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "57c07800ec80a0386c1c510fe0bd73bc5ebf196541580a5255565f8deafde657", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "57c07800ec80a0386c1c510fe0bd73bc5ebf196541580a5255565f8deafde657"}
    experimental_model
    GLUT4 trafficking, glucose uptake and cholesterol add-back experiments
    exposure
    Chromium(III) chloride or chromium picolinate; insulin stimulation and cholesterol manipulation
    limitations
    Cell-culture pharmacology does not establish an essential dietary function. Vesicle arrival near the membrane and actual membrane insertion are different observations; no amplification of the tested proximal insulin signals was found.
    nutrient_topic
    Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Chromium
    organism
    Mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes
    plain_language
    Chromium exposure moved glucose transporters closer to the surface, but insulin was still needed for the functional response.
    primary_references
    [chromium-p16339278] Chromium activates glucose transporter 4 trafficking and enhances insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via a cholesterol-dependent mechanism. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16339278/ DOI: 10.1210/me.2005-0255
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Cultured adipocyte plasma membrane

    Chromium: transport, insulin signaling, nutrient interactions and essentiality debate (2026-09-17) · lines 302–313

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · GLUT4 trafficking, glucose uptake and cholesterol add-back experiments · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### chromium-picolinate-glut4 The tested picolinate form mobilized GLUT4-containing vesicles toward the cell surface; insulin promoted their incorporation into the plasma membrane. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Chromium exposure moved glucose transporters closer to the surface, but insulin was still needed for the functional response. organism: Mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes tissue_or_cell_type: Cultured adipocyte plasma membrane experimental_model: GLUT4 trafficking, glucose uptake and cholesterol add-back experiments limitations: Cell-culture pharmacology does not establish an essential dietary function. Vesicle arrival near the membrane and actual membrane insertion are different observations; no amplification of the tested proximal insulin signals was found. exposure: Chromium(III) chloride or chromium picolinate; insulin stimulation and cholesterol manipulation evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/chromium-research/16339278.abstract.txt", "locator": "Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "57c07800ec80a0386c1c510fe0bd73bc5ebf196541580a5255565f8deafde657", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1949, "text_sha256": "57c07800ec80a0386c1c510fe0bd73bc5ebf196541580a5255565f8deafde657"} [chromium-p16339278] Chromium activates glucose transporter 4 trafficking and enhances insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via a cholesterol-dependent mechanism. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16339278/ DOI: 10.1210/me.2005-0255
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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