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Vesicle arrival near the membrane and actual membrane insertion are different observations; no amplification of the tested proximal insulin signals was found.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"chromium","display_name":"Chromium","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Chromium exposure moved glucose transporters closer to the surface, but insulin was still needed for the functional response.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[chromium-p16339278] Chromium activates glucose transporter 4 trafficking and enhances insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via a cholesterol-dependent mechanism. 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Vesicle arrival near the membrane and actual membrane insertion are different observations; no amplification of the tested proximal insulin signals was found.\nexposure: Chromium(III) chloride or chromium picolinate; insulin stimulation and cholesterol manipulation\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/chromium-research/16339278.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"57c07800ec80a0386c1c510fe0bd73bc5ebf196541580a5255565f8deafde657\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1949, \"text_sha256\": \"57c07800ec80a0386c1c510fe0bd73bc5ebf196541580a5255565f8deafde657\"}\n[chromium-p16339278] Chromium activates glucose transporter 4 trafficking and enhances insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via a cholesterol-dependent mechanism. 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