Component

Mouse CYBB / gp91phox

Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.

6 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. Cybb/gp91phox-deficient macrophages retained silica-triggered inflammasome responses.

    Mouse CYBB / gp91phox → Mouse silica inflammasome response source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_access
    Primary full text
    experimental_model
    Mouse macrophage genetic comparison.
    limitations
    Does not exclude every ROS source or establish NADPH depletion. Correction record: A 2026 author correction replaces an erroneously duplicated lower-left Fig. 8c micrograph with the retrieved original. This is a figure correction, not a scientific contradiction or retraction. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-026-02468-9
    nutrient_topic
    Silica collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · Silica and soluble silicon
    plain_language
    The phagocyte NADPH oxidase burst was not obligatory in this model.
    primary_references
    Silica crystals and aluminum salts activate the NALP3 inflammasome through phagosomal destabilization. · 2008 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18604214/ · DOI 10.1038/ni.1631

    Silica: soluble silicon, cellular transport and particle-specific mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 456–462

    AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse macrophage genetic comparison. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## silica-nox2-null The phagocyte NADPH oxidase burst was not obligatory in this model. Cybb/gp91phox-deficient macrophages retained silica-triggered inflammasome responses. Model: Mouse macrophage genetic comparison. Limitations: Does not exclude every ROS source or establish NADPH depletion. Correction record: A 2026 author correction replaces an erroneously duplicated lower-left Fig. 8c micrograph with the retrieved original. This is a figure correction, not a scientific contradiction or retraction. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-026-02468-9 Evidence access: Primary full text Silica crystals and aluminum salts activate the NALP3 inflammasome through phagosomal destabilization. · 2008 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18604214/ · DOI 10.1038/ni.1631
    Complete structured claim and evidence

What acts on it

  1. Nattokinase suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced NOX2 activation in the same macrophages.

    Nattokinase / subtilisin NAT → Mouse CYBB / gp91phox source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    duration
    Not stated here
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.
    experimental_model
    Mouse RAW264.7 macrophages
    exposure
    Nattokinase
    limitations
    As above.
    organism
    Mouse RAW264.7 macrophages
    plain_language
    Nattokinase suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced NOX2 activation in the same macrophages.
    primary_references
    Breaking the vicious loop between inflammation, oxidative stress and coagulation, a novel anti-thrombus insight of nattokinase by inhibiting LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. (2020) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32193146/ DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101500
    route
    In vitro
    tissue
    Cultured macrophages, LPS-stimulated

    Nattokinase: what the purified enzyme cleaves, what survives being eaten, and the gap between the two (2026-09-23) · lines 477–477

    Original AI-assisted curation built from a supplied entity-first document of 105 entities and 129 claims. Every reference in that document was resolved against live PubMed with its abstract read and its DOI cross-checked on 2026-09-23, and the EFSA novel-food opinion was retrieved and read in full. That check corrected two PMIDs that pointed at unrelated papers, two DOIs, and two papers recorded as carrying no erratum that do carry one; it also reversed three findings the supplied document had stated backwards. Two papers carry a published correction, recorded as such and not as a retraction. Three sources are not indexed in PubMed and are cited by what they have. Laboratory lineages are recorded, so the four papers from one group, the three from another and the two readings of a single applicant dossier cannot be counted as separate lines of support. Study-specific doses, units, populations and limitations retained; activity units are never converted between systems. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse RAW264.7 macrophages · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    Nattokinase suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced NOX2 activation in the same macrophages.
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Betanin lowered NOX2 mRNA in the stimulated murine macrophage comparison.

    Betanin → Mouse CYBB / gp91phox source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Individual pigments 1-100 micromolar; LPS inflammatory stimulation or hydrogen peroxide oxidative challenge
    duration
    Not specified in accessed primary abstract
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract; detailed exposure for PMID 23931157 additionally checked in publisher results. No uninspected full text is claimed.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages
    limitations
    Mouse-cell results are separate from human intestinal assays. Pro-oxidant effects under peroxide challenge do not imply every dietary exposure is harmful. Transcript measurement; not direct enzyme inhibition.
    nutrient_topic
    Betalains collection; each molecular form, species, exposure and preparation remains explicit. · Betalains
    organism
    Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages
    plain_language
    Betanin lowered NOX2 mRNA in the stimulated murine macrophage comparison.
    primary_references
    Differential Effects of Betacyanin and Betaxanthin Pigments on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Murine Macrophages. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37203590/ DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200583
    route
    In vitro exposure
    tissue
    Macrophages

    Betalains: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 397–405

    Original AI-assisted curation of twelve primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## betalains-betanin-mouse-nox2 Betanin lowered NOX2 mRNA in the stimulated murine macrophage comparison. Model/species: Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages Tissue: Macrophages Exposure: Individual pigments 1-100 micromolar; LPS inflammatory stimulation or hydrogen peroxide oxidative challenge Route: In vitro exposure Duration: Not specified in accessed primary abstract Limits: Mouse-cell results are separate from human intestinal assays. Pro-oxidant effects under peroxide challenge do not imply every dietary exposure is harmful. Transcript measurement; not direct enzyme inhibition. Primary reference: Differential Effects of Betacyanin and Betaxanthin Pigments on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Murine Macrophages. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37203590/ DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200583
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Indicaxanthin lowered NOX2 mRNA in the stimulated murine macrophage comparison.

    Indicaxanthin → Mouse CYBB / gp91phox source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Individual pigments 1-100 micromolar; LPS inflammatory stimulation or hydrogen peroxide oxidative challenge
    duration
    Not specified in accessed primary abstract
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract; detailed exposure for PMID 23931157 additionally checked in publisher results. No uninspected full text is claimed.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages
    limitations
    Mouse-cell results are separate from human intestinal assays. Pro-oxidant effects under peroxide challenge do not imply every dietary exposure is harmful. Transcript measurement; not direct enzyme inhibition.
    nutrient_topic
    Betalains collection; each molecular form, species, exposure and preparation remains explicit. · Betalains
    organism
    Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages
    plain_language
    Indicaxanthin lowered NOX2 mRNA in the stimulated murine macrophage comparison.
    primary_references
    Differential Effects of Betacyanin and Betaxanthin Pigments on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Murine Macrophages. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37203590/ DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200583
    route
    In vitro exposure
    tissue
    Macrophages

    Betalains: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 407–415

    Original AI-assisted curation of twelve primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## betalains-indicaxanthin-mouse-nox2 Indicaxanthin lowered NOX2 mRNA in the stimulated murine macrophage comparison. Model/species: Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages Tissue: Macrophages Exposure: Individual pigments 1-100 micromolar; LPS inflammatory stimulation or hydrogen peroxide oxidative challenge Route: In vitro exposure Duration: Not specified in accessed primary abstract Limits: Mouse-cell results are separate from human intestinal assays. Pro-oxidant effects under peroxide challenge do not imply every dietary exposure is harmful. Transcript measurement; not direct enzyme inhibition. Primary reference: Differential Effects of Betacyanin and Betaxanthin Pigments on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Murine Macrophages. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37203590/ DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200583
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. Neobetanin lowered NOX2 mRNA in the stimulated murine macrophage comparison.

    Neobetanin → Mouse CYBB / gp91phox source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Individual pigments 1-100 micromolar; LPS inflammatory stimulation or hydrogen peroxide oxidative challenge
    duration
    Not specified in accessed primary abstract
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract; detailed exposure for PMID 23931157 additionally checked in publisher results. No uninspected full text is claimed.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages
    limitations
    Mouse-cell results are separate from human intestinal assays. Pro-oxidant effects under peroxide challenge do not imply every dietary exposure is harmful. Transcript measurement; not direct enzyme inhibition.
    nutrient_topic
    Betalains collection; each molecular form, species, exposure and preparation remains explicit. · Betalains
    organism
    Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages
    plain_language
    Neobetanin lowered NOX2 mRNA in the stimulated murine macrophage comparison.
    primary_references
    Differential Effects of Betacyanin and Betaxanthin Pigments on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Murine Macrophages. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37203590/ DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200583
    route
    In vitro exposure
    tissue
    Macrophages

    Betalains: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 427–435

    Original AI-assisted curation of twelve primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## betalains-neobetanin-mouse-nox2 Neobetanin lowered NOX2 mRNA in the stimulated murine macrophage comparison. Model/species: Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages Tissue: Macrophages Exposure: Individual pigments 1-100 micromolar; LPS inflammatory stimulation or hydrogen peroxide oxidative challenge Route: In vitro exposure Duration: Not specified in accessed primary abstract Limits: Mouse-cell results are separate from human intestinal assays. Pro-oxidant effects under peroxide challenge do not imply every dietary exposure is harmful. Transcript measurement; not direct enzyme inhibition. Primary reference: Differential Effects of Betacyanin and Betaxanthin Pigments on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Murine Macrophages. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37203590/ DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200583
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. Vulgaxanthin-i lowered NOX2 mRNA in the stimulated murine macrophage comparison.

    Vulgaxanthin I → Mouse CYBB / gp91phox source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    dose
    Individual pigments 1-100 micromolar; LPS inflammatory stimulation or hydrogen peroxide oxidative challenge
    duration
    Not specified in accessed primary abstract
    evidence_access
    Primary PubMed abstract; detailed exposure for PMID 23931157 additionally checked in publisher results. No uninspected full text is claimed.
    evidence_scope
    literature_reviewed; source-derived curation, not universally established human effects
    experimental_model
    Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages
    limitations
    Mouse-cell results are separate from human intestinal assays. Pro-oxidant effects under peroxide challenge do not imply every dietary exposure is harmful. Transcript measurement; not direct enzyme inhibition.
    nutrient_topic
    Betalains collection; each molecular form, species, exposure and preparation remains explicit. · Betalains
    organism
    Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages
    plain_language
    Vulgaxanthin-i lowered NOX2 mRNA in the stimulated murine macrophage comparison.
    primary_references
    Differential Effects of Betacyanin and Betaxanthin Pigments on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Murine Macrophages. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37203590/ DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200583
    route
    In vitro exposure
    tissue
    Macrophages

    Betalains: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20) · lines 417–425

    Original AI-assisted curation of twelve primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text. · supports · Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ## betalains-vulgaxanthin-i-mouse-nox2 Vulgaxanthin-i lowered NOX2 mRNA in the stimulated murine macrophage comparison. Model/species: Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages Tissue: Macrophages Exposure: Individual pigments 1-100 micromolar; LPS inflammatory stimulation or hydrogen peroxide oxidative challenge Route: In vitro exposure Duration: Not specified in accessed primary abstract Limits: Mouse-cell results are separate from human intestinal assays. Pro-oxidant effects under peroxide challenge do not imply every dietary exposure is harmful. Transcript measurement; not direct enzyme inhibition. Primary reference: Differential Effects of Betacyanin and Betaxanthin Pigments on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Murine Macrophages. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37203590/ DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200583
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards