Component

Manganese(II) chloride

Manganese(II) chloride. Experimental scope belongs to each linked claim.

3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. MnCl2 restored the decorin glycosaminoglycan readout in mouse Tmem165-knockout ATDC5 cells.

    Manganese(II) chloride → Decorin glycosaminoglycan modification source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    Manganese(II) ion (supplied_ion); Mouse TMEM165 (affected_protein)
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/manganese-glycosylation-sources/morelle2022.txt", "locator": "Results and Figure 5; decorin migration", "file_sha256": "91d05677c6d7bb4224f71742888e39533e3f130d59e6b2ffcae3e2b2c058e9aa", "start_char": 25939, "end_char": 27086, "text_sha256": "d94138936b018635104317fedba6c1298f0d54c6cd7b3f578b60000cea925bf5", "text_characters": 1147}
    experimental_model
    Tmem165-knockout mouse ATDC5 chondrogenic cells
    exposure
    Decorin-transfected ATDC5 cells: 1 micromolar MnCl2, 1 millimolar galactose or 1 millimolar xylose for 36 hours.
    limitations
    Decorin chondroitin-sulfate elongation in mouse chondrogenic cells. This is a separate model from the human HEK N/O-glycosylation assays and does not establish clinical cartilage rescue.
    nutrient_topic
    Manganese research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Manganese
    organism
    Mus musculus
    plain_language
    Manganese restored the measured sugar-chain modification on a matrix proteoglycan.
    primary_references
    [mn-gly-morelle2022] Differential Effects of D-Galactose Supplementation on Golgi Glycosylation Defects in TMEM165 Deficiency. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35693943/ DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903953
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Mouse chondrogenic ATDC5 cells and secreted decorin
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Manganese: enzyme cofactors, glycosylation, transport and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 782–794

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Tmem165-knockout mouse ATDC5 chondrogenic cells · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mn-gly-mn-gag-rescue MnCl2 restored the decorin glycosaminoglycan readout in mouse Tmem165-knockout ATDC5 cells. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Manganese research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Manganese restored the measured sugar-chain modification on a matrix proteoglycan. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Mouse chondrogenic ATDC5 cells and secreted decorin experimental_model: Tmem165-knockout mouse ATDC5 chondrogenic cells limitations: Decorin chondroitin-sulfate elongation in mouse chondrogenic cells. This is a separate model from the human HEK N/O-glycosylation assays and does not establish clinical cartilage rescue. exposure: Decorin-transfected ATDC5 cells: 1 micromolar MnCl2, 1 millimolar galactose or 1 millimolar xylose for 36 hours. cross_nutrient: Manganese(II) ion (supplied_ion); Mouse TMEM165 (affected_protein) evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/manganese-glycosylation-sources/morelle2022.txt", "locator": "Results and Figure 5; decorin migration", "file_sha256": "91d05677c6d7bb4224f71742888e39533e3f130d59e6b2ffcae3e2b2c058e9aa", "start_char": 25939, "end_char": 27086, "text_sha256": "d94138936b018635104317fedba6c1298f0d54c6cd7b3f578b60000cea925bf5", "text_characters": 1147} [mn-gly-morelle2022] Differential Effects of D-Galactose Supplementation on Golgi Glycosylation Defects in TMEM165 Deficiency. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35693943/ DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903953
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. MnCl2 restored the measured N-glycosylation phenotype in TMEM165-knockout HEK cells.

    Manganese(II) chloride → LAMP2 N-linked glycosylation source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    Manganese(II) ion (supplied_ion); Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 (measured_protein); TMEM165 Golgi cation-homeostasis protein (affected_protein)
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/manganese-glycosylation-sources/morelle2022.txt", "locator": "Results and Figure 1; LAMP2 and TGN46 electrophoretic profiles", "file_sha256": "91d05677c6d7bb4224f71742888e39533e3f130d59e6b2ffcae3e2b2c058e9aa", "start_char": 15482, "end_char": 17574, "text_sha256": "b7ffb42fc1d2094bd301171da36864a49f430e69b184ef0594b392c6ac7802dd", "text_characters": 2092}
    experimental_model
    Control and TMEM165-knockout HEK293 glycosylation assays
    exposure
    Figure 1: 1 micromolar MnCl2 for 8, 16 or 24 hours; galactose dose/time comparisons include 1 and 2.5 millimolar and 24–72 hours.
    limitations
    Cell rescue is not evidence for a safe human dose. N-linked, mucin-type O-linked and proteoglycan GAG endpoints are distinct; restoring one is not proof of global correction.
    nutrient_topic
    Manganese research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Manganese
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Manganese improved the N-linked sugar-chain readout.
    primary_references
    [mn-gly-morelle2022] Differential Effects of D-Galactose Supplementation on Golgi Glycosylation Defects in TMEM165 Deficiency. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35693943/ DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903953
    tissue_or_cell_type
    HEK293 cells and secretory glycoproteins
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Manganese: enzyme cofactors, glycosylation, transport and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 754–766

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Control and TMEM165-knockout HEK293 glycosylation assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mn-gly-mn-n-linked-rescue MnCl2 restored the measured N-glycosylation phenotype in TMEM165-knockout HEK cells. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Manganese research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Manganese improved the N-linked sugar-chain readout. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: HEK293 cells and secretory glycoproteins experimental_model: Control and TMEM165-knockout HEK293 glycosylation assays limitations: Cell rescue is not evidence for a safe human dose. N-linked, mucin-type O-linked and proteoglycan GAG endpoints are distinct; restoring one is not proof of global correction. exposure: Figure 1: 1 micromolar MnCl2 for 8, 16 or 24 hours; galactose dose/time comparisons include 1 and 2.5 millimolar and 24–72 hours. cross_nutrient: Manganese(II) ion (supplied_ion); Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 (measured_protein); TMEM165 Golgi cation-homeostasis protein (affected_protein) evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/manganese-glycosylation-sources/morelle2022.txt", "locator": "Results and Figure 1; LAMP2 and TGN46 electrophoretic profiles", "file_sha256": "91d05677c6d7bb4224f71742888e39533e3f130d59e6b2ffcae3e2b2c058e9aa", "start_char": 15482, "end_char": 17574, "text_sha256": "b7ffb42fc1d2094bd301171da36864a49f430e69b184ef0594b392c6ac7802dd", "text_characters": 2092} [mn-gly-morelle2022] Differential Effects of D-Galactose Supplementation on Golgi Glycosylation Defects in TMEM165 Deficiency. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35693943/ DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903953
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. MnCl2 restored the measured O-linked glycosylation defects in TMEM165-knockout HEK cells.

    Manganese(II) chloride → Mucin-type O-linked glycosylation source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    Manganese(II) ion (supplied_ion); TMEM165 Golgi cation-homeostasis protein (affected_protein)
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/manganese-glycosylation-sources/morelle2022.txt", "locator": "Results; lectin staining and benzyl-GalNAc mass-spectrometry profiles", "file_sha256": "91d05677c6d7bb4224f71742888e39533e3f130d59e6b2ffcae3e2b2c058e9aa", "start_char": 24441, "end_char": 25329, "text_sha256": "40d6513f6782e8f624ca1d04f64d8153282e2beed8877766a60140128e1b438d", "text_characters": 888}
    experimental_model
    Control and TMEM165-knockout HEK293 glycosylation assays
    exposure
    Figure 3 lectin staining: 2.5 micromolar MnCl2 and/or 1 millimolar galactose for 24 hours. Figure 4: same additions with 250 micromolar benzyl-GalNAc for three days.
    limitations
    Cell rescue is not evidence for a safe human dose. N-linked, mucin-type O-linked and proteoglycan GAG endpoints are distinct; restoring one is not proof of global correction.
    nutrient_topic
    Manganese research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Manganese
    organism
    Homo sapiens
    plain_language
    Manganese also improved a different class of sugar chains.
    primary_references
    [mn-gly-morelle2022] Differential Effects of D-Galactose Supplementation on Golgi Glycosylation Defects in TMEM165 Deficiency. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35693943/ DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903953
    tissue_or_cell_type
    HEK293 cells and secretory glycoproteins
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Manganese: enzyme cofactors, glycosylation, transport and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 768–780

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Control and TMEM165-knockout HEK293 glycosylation assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### mn-gly-mn-o-linked-rescue MnCl2 restored the measured O-linked glycosylation defects in TMEM165-knockout HEK cells. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Manganese research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Manganese also improved a different class of sugar chains. organism: Homo sapiens tissue_or_cell_type: HEK293 cells and secretory glycoproteins experimental_model: Control and TMEM165-knockout HEK293 glycosylation assays limitations: Cell rescue is not evidence for a safe human dose. N-linked, mucin-type O-linked and proteoglycan GAG endpoints are distinct; restoring one is not proof of global correction. exposure: Figure 3 lectin staining: 2.5 micromolar MnCl2 and/or 1 millimolar galactose for 24 hours. Figure 4: same additions with 250 micromolar benzyl-GalNAc for three days. cross_nutrient: Manganese(II) ion (supplied_ion); TMEM165 Golgi cation-homeostasis protein (affected_protein) evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/manganese-glycosylation-sources/morelle2022.txt", "locator": "Results; lectin staining and benzyl-GalNAc mass-spectrometry profiles", "file_sha256": "91d05677c6d7bb4224f71742888e39533e3f130d59e6b2ffcae3e2b2c058e9aa", "start_char": 24441, "end_char": 25329, "text_sha256": "40d6513f6782e8f624ca1d04f64d8153282e2beed8877766a60140128e1b438d", "text_characters": 888} [mn-gly-morelle2022] Differential Effects of D-Galactose Supplementation on Golgi Glycosylation Defects in TMEM165 Deficiency. (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35693943/ DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903953
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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