Postprandial insulin incremental area under the curve

Where it participates (unsigned role)

1. Oat beta-glucan reduced glucose incremental area under the curve and incremental peak rise by 23% and 28% and insulin by 22% and 24% respectively, dose, molecular weight and comparator were significant effect modifiers of glucose incremental area under the curve and peak, significant linear dose-response relationships were observed for all outcomes, oat beta-glucan molecular weight above 300 kg/mol significantly reduced glucose measures whereas molecular weight below 300 kg/mol did not, outcomes were similar in participants with and without diabetes, and all outcomes had high certainty of evidence.

   Oat mixed-linkage beta-(1->3)/(1->4)-glucan → Postprandial glucose incremental area under the curve source_derived_draftungraded
   Experimental context and source evidence

   evidence_span

   {"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/33608654.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "676672cfbc790125f3f39b9afbaa9211422f6ba82c3dc394c816268de96002c7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1872, "text_sha256": "676672cfbc790125f3f39b9afbaa9211422f6ba82c3dc394c816268de96002c7"}

   experimental_model

   Systematic review and meta-analysis of 103 acute crossover trial comparisons in 538 participants

   exposure

   Oat beta-glucan concentrate or oat bran added to carbohydrate-containing test meals against carbohydrate-matched controls

   limitations

   Acute meal responses with high certainty of evidence by GRADE. The magnitude depends on dose, molecular weight and which control meal is used, so a pooled percentage is not a prediction for any particular food.

   nutrient_topic

   Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. · Beta-glucan

   organism

   Human

   plain_language

   Adding it to a meal takes about a quarter off the glucose rise, but only if the polymer is long enough.

   primary_references

   [bg-p33608654] The effect of oat β-glucan on postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33608654/ DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00875-9

   tissue_or_cell_type

   Postprandial glucose and insulin

   Beta-glucan: a structural family rather than an agent, what decides whether a bound glucan actually signals, the complement route that a cereal and a yeast preparation share, and the unequal human evidence behind each (2026-09-22) · lines 567–578

   AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Systematic review and meta-analysis of 103 acute crossover trial comparisons in 538 participants · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

   ### bg-acute-glycaemic-response-falls Oat beta-glucan reduced glucose incremental area under the curve and incremental peak rise by 23% and 28% and insulin by 22% and 24% respectively, dose, molecular weight and comparator were significant effect modifiers of glucose incremental area under the curve and peak, significant linear dose-response relationships were observed for all outcomes, oat beta-glucan molecular weight above 300 kg/mol significantly reduced glucose measures whereas molecular weight below 300 kg/mol did not, outcomes were similar in participants with and without diabetes, and all outcomes had high certainty of evidence. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. plain_language: Adding it to a meal takes about a quarter off the glucose rise, but only if the polymer is long enough. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Postprandial glucose and insulin experimental_model: Systematic review and meta-analysis of 103 acute crossover trial comparisons in 538 participants limitations: Acute meal responses with high certainty of evidence by GRADE. The magnitude depends on dose, molecular weight and which control meal is used, so a pooled percentage is not a prediction for any particular food. exposure: Oat beta-glucan concentrate or oat bran added to carbohydrate-containing test meals against carbohydrate-matched controls evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/33608654.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "676672cfbc790125f3f39b9afbaa9211422f6ba82c3dc394c816268de96002c7", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1872, "text_sha256": "676672cfbc790125f3f39b9afbaa9211422f6ba82c3dc394c816268de96002c7"} [bg-p33608654] The effect of oat β-glucan on postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33608654/ DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00875-9

   Complete structured claim and evidence

2. Compared with the control cereal, 4 grams of oat beta-glucan significantly reduced glucose incremental area under the curve at 78 compared with 135 mmol x min/L and insulin at 14.0 compared with 26.8 nmol x min/L and delayed gastric emptying half-time to a geometric mean of 285 minutes compared with 105 minutes, effects not seen after the beta-glucanase-treated arm of the same dose, while subjective appetite, PYY and ghrelin responses were similar to control and pizza intakes at a subsequent unrestricted meal were not significantly different.

   Viscosity developed by a solubilised glucan → Human gastric emptying time source_derived_draftungraded
   Experimental context and source evidence

   availability_state

   biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

   evidence_span

   {"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/31828287.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "983ae8675d933c4292f9f20059e93db94587b9a570fbfb602f5921f5bd7edd70", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2204, "text_sha256": "983ae8675d933c4292f9f20059e93db94587b9a570fbfb602f5921f5bd7edd70"}

   experimental_model

   Double-blind randomised crossover trial in 28 participants with gastric emptying, appetite hormones and an unrestricted test lunch

   exposure

   Breakfast meals matched for weight, energy and macronutrients containing 2 or 4 grams of oat beta-glucan, or 4 grams treated with beta-glucanase to reduce molecular weight and viscosity

   limitations

   The beta-glucanase arm is the control that isolates viscosity. The trial was designed around food intake as the primary endpoint and found no effect on it.

   nutrient_topic

   Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. · Beta-glucan

   organism

   Human

   plain_language

   The intact polymer held the meal in the stomach nearly three times longer; the same dose chopped up did nothing.

   primary_references

   [bg-p31828287] Increasing oat β-glucan viscosity in a breakfast meal slows gastric emptying and reduces glycemic and insulinemic responses but has no effect on appetite, food intake, or plasma ghrelin and PYY responses in healthy humans: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31828287/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz285

   tissue_or_cell_type

   Stomach and postprandial circulation

   trigger_kind

   biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

   Beta-glucan: a structural family rather than an agent, what decides whether a bound glucan actually signals, the complement route that a cereal and a yeast preparation share, and the unequal human evidence behind each (2026-09-22) · lines 580–591

   AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Double-blind randomised crossover trial in 28 participants with gastric emptying, appetite hormones and an unrestricted test lunch · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

   ### bg-viscosity-slows-the-stomach Compared with the control cereal, 4 grams of oat beta-glucan significantly reduced glucose incremental area under the curve at 78 compared with 135 mmol x min/L and insulin at 14.0 compared with 26.8 nmol x min/L and delayed gastric emptying half-time to a geometric mean of 285 minutes compared with 105 minutes, effects not seen after the beta-glucanase-treated arm of the same dose, while subjective appetite, PYY and ghrelin responses were similar to control and pizza intakes at a subsequent unrestricted meal were not significantly different. Condition category: biomarker_context nutrient_topic: Beta-glucan research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and each preparation is recorded as its own entity with no family link joining any pair. plain_language: The intact polymer held the meal in the stomach nearly three times longer; the same dose chopped up did nothing. organism: Human tissue_or_cell_type: Stomach and postprandial circulation experimental_model: Double-blind randomised crossover trial in 28 participants with gastric emptying, appetite hormones and an unrestricted test lunch limitations: The beta-glucanase arm is the control that isolates viscosity. The trial was designed around food intake as the primary endpoint and found no effect on it. exposure: Breakfast meals matched for weight, energy and macronutrients containing 2 or 4 grams of oat beta-glucan, or 4 grams treated with beta-glucanase to reduce molecular weight and viscosity evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/glucan-research/31828287.abstract.txt", "locator": "Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "983ae8675d933c4292f9f20059e93db94587b9a570fbfb602f5921f5bd7edd70", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2204, "text_sha256": "983ae8675d933c4292f9f20059e93db94587b9a570fbfb602f5921f5bd7edd70"} [bg-p31828287] Increasing oat β-glucan viscosity in a breakfast meal slows gastric emptying and reduces glycemic and insulinemic responses but has no effect on appetite, food intake, or plasma ghrelin and PYY responses in healthy humans: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. (2020). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31828287/ DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz285

   Complete structured claim and evidence