Component
Alanine secretion from human pancreatic stellate cells
Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.
3 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
ATG5 knockdown in human pancreatic stellate cells reduced alanine concentrations in their conditioned medium.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
- evidence_access
- Primary full text
- experimental_model
- Human PSC shRNA experiments; serum-free conditioned medium.
- limitations
- Knockdown is machinery impairment, not low dietary alanine; residual secretion and other autophagy effects remain. Correction record: Publisher erratum corrects the second image label in Fig. 3a to hPSC-LC3 + 8988T, matching Fig. 3b; production labeling correction, not a retraction or independent study. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature19851.pdf
- nutrient_topic
- L-Alanine collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · L-Alanine
- plain_language
- Disrupting one part of autophagy reduced alanine supplied by neighboring cells.
- primary_references
- Pancreatic stellate cells support tumour metabolism through autophagic alanine secretion. · 2016 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27509858/ · DOI 10.1038/nature19084
- trigger_kind
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
L-Alanine: carbon, nitrogen, protein synthesis and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 144–150
AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human PSC shRNA experiments; serum-free conditioned medium. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## alanine-psc-atg5 Disrupting one part of autophagy reduced alanine supplied by neighboring cells. ATG5 knockdown in human pancreatic stellate cells reduced alanine concentrations in their conditioned medium. Model: Human PSC shRNA experiments; serum-free conditioned medium. Limitations: Knockdown is machinery impairment, not low dietary alanine; residual secretion and other autophagy effects remain. Correction record: Publisher erratum corrects the second image label in Fig. 3a to hPSC-LC3 + 8988T, matching Fig. 3b; production labeling correction, not a retraction or independent study. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature19851.pdf Evidence access: Primary full text Pancreatic stellate cells support tumour metabolism through autophagic alanine secretion. · 2016 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27509858/ · DOI 10.1038/nature19084
Complete structured claim and evidenceATG7 knockdown in human pancreatic stellate cells reduced alanine secretion and reduced the ability of their conditioned medium to support PDAC oxygen consumption; alanine add-back rescued the metabolic response.
Experimental context and source evidence
- availability_state
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
- evidence_access
- Primary full text
- experimental_model
- Human PSC/PDAC cultures; shRNA and 1 mM alanine rescue.
- limitations
- Autophagy releases other products too; this is not proof that alanine is the only stromal contribution. Correction record: Publisher erratum corrects the second image label in Fig. 3a to hPSC-LC3 + 8988T, matching Fig. 3b; production labeling correction, not a retraction or independent study. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature19851.pdf
- nutrient_topic
- L-Alanine collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · L-Alanine
- plain_language
- The add-back experiment connects stromal recycling to a usable fuel.
- primary_references
- Pancreatic stellate cells support tumour metabolism through autophagic alanine secretion. · 2016 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27509858/ · DOI 10.1038/nature19084
- trigger_kind
- machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
L-Alanine: carbon, nitrogen, protein synthesis and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 152–158
AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human PSC/PDAC cultures; shRNA and 1 mM alanine rescue. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## alanine-psc-atg7 The add-back experiment connects stromal recycling to a usable fuel. ATG7 knockdown in human pancreatic stellate cells reduced alanine secretion and reduced the ability of their conditioned medium to support PDAC oxygen consumption; alanine add-back rescued the metabolic response. Model: Human PSC/PDAC cultures; shRNA and 1 mM alanine rescue. Limitations: Autophagy releases other products too; this is not proof that alanine is the only stromal contribution. Correction record: Publisher erratum corrects the second image label in Fig. 3a to hPSC-LC3 + 8988T, matching Fig. 3b; production labeling correction, not a retraction or independent study. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature19851.pdf Evidence access: Primary full text Pancreatic stellate cells support tumour metabolism through autophagic alanine secretion. · 2016 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27509858/ · DOI 10.1038/nature19084
Complete structured claim and evidenceSLC1A4 perturbation and isotope-flux studies supported a role for SLC1A4, alongside other transporters, in rapid alanine exchange by human pancreatic stellate cells.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_access
- Primary full text
- experimental_model
- Human PSC transporter and flux experiments.
- limitations
- SLC1A4 was not the sole alanine exporter and exchange is not equivalent to an irreversible one-way pump.
- nutrient_topic
- L-Alanine collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit. · L-Alanine
- plain_language
- An exchanger helps neighboring cells share alanine.
- primary_references
- Selective Alanine Transporter Utilization Creates a Targetable Metabolic Niche in Pancreatic Cancer. · 2020 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32341021/ · DOI 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-19-0959
L-Alanine: carbon, nitrogen, protein synthesis and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19) · lines 176–182
AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human PSC transporter and flux experiments. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## alanine-psc-exchanger An exchanger helps neighboring cells share alanine. SLC1A4 perturbation and isotope-flux studies supported a role for SLC1A4, alongside other transporters, in rapid alanine exchange by human pancreatic stellate cells. Model: Human PSC transporter and flux experiments. Limitations: SLC1A4 was not the sole alanine exporter and exchange is not equivalent to an irreversible one-way pump. Evidence access: Primary full text Selective Alanine Transporter Utilization Creates a Targetable Metabolic Niche in Pancreatic Cancer. · 2020 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32341021/ · DOI 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-19-0959
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.