Component
Human exercise muscle glycogen utilization
Context-specific entity; species, compartment and exposure are stated on each claim.
2 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.
How nutrients influence it
Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.
Other things that act on it
Enzymes, hormones, genes, and other components with a recorded effect. These are not nutrients, so they do not count toward the arrows above. Each finding names the chapter that recorded it.
How nutrients reach it in more than one step
Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.
Tracing routes…
What it does
Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.
What acts on it
After the loading regimen, muscle glycogen use at 50% exercise intensity was 55% lower than in carbohydrate-only controls.
Experimental context and source evidence
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract
- experimental_model
- Same 24-week trial; muscle biopsies during cycling.
- limitations
- Glycogen sparing is compatible with more fat use, but is not proof of body-fat loss.
- nutrient_topic
- L-Carnitine collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit. · L-Carnitine
- plain_language
- The fuel effect changed with exercise demand.
- primary_references
- Chronic oral ingestion of L-carnitine and carbohydrate increases muscle carnitine content and alters muscle fuel metabolism during exercise in humans. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21224234/ · DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.201343
L-Carnitine: synthesis, acyl-group transport, fuel selection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19) · lines 194–200
AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text. · supports · Same 24-week trial; muscle biopsies during cycling. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## l-carnitine-low-work-glycogen The fuel effect changed with exercise demand. After the loading regimen, muscle glycogen use at 50% exercise intensity was 55% lower than in carbohydrate-only controls. Model: Same 24-week trial; muscle biopsies during cycling. Limitations: Glycogen sparing is compatible with more fat use, but is not proof of body-fat loss. Evidence access: Primary abstract Chronic oral ingestion of L-carnitine and carbohydrate increases muscle carnitine content and alters muscle fuel metabolism during exercise in humans. · 2011 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21224234/ · DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.201343
Complete structured claim and evidenceMuscle glycogen declined during prolonged cycling despite sucrose ingestion, as it did with glucose ingestion.
Experimental context and source evidence
- dose
- Sucrose or glucose 1.7 g/min, 102 g/hour, during cycling at 50% peak power
- duration
- 3 hours
- evidence_access
- Primary abstract/metadata; unrecovered methods explicitly retained.
- evidence_scope
- literature_reviewed; source-specific curation
- experimental_model
- 14 trained cyclists in crossover; four completed additional water reference trial
- exposure_scope
- Exercise fuel, not sedentary beverage exposure
- limitations
- Water reference had four participants, not all 14. Whole-body utilization is not isolated exogenous sucrose oxidation. No demonstrated sucrose advantage for liver glycogen preservation. NCT02110836; Sugar Nutrition UK sponsor listed in trial record.
- nutrient_topic
- Sucrose chapter; direct sucrose observations are distinguished from shared component metabolism. · Sucrose
- organism
- 14 trained cyclists in crossover; four completed additional water reference trial
- plain_language
- Muscle glycogen declined during prolonged cycling despite sucrose ingestion, as it did with glucose ingestion.
- primary_references
- Ingestion of glucose or sucrose prevents liver but not muscle glycogen depletion during prolonged endurance-type exercise in trained cyclists. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26487008/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00376.2015
- route
- Oral carbohydrate during exercise
- tissue
- Liver and muscle glycogen by carbon-13 MRS; expired-gas substrate use
Sucrose: mechanism of action and metabolic impact (2026-09-20) · lines 307–317
Original AI-assisted source-specific sucrose curation with shared canonical claims retained by identity. Primary-study citations, negative findings, exposure details and limitations preserved. Not publisher full text. · supports · 14 trained cyclists in crossover; four completed additional water reference trial · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft
## sucrose-exercise-muscle Muscle glycogen declined during prolonged cycling despite sucrose ingestion, as it did with glucose ingestion. Model/species: 14 trained cyclists in crossover; four completed additional water reference trial Tissue: Liver and muscle glycogen by carbon-13 MRS; expired-gas substrate use Exposure: Sucrose or glucose 1.7 g/min, 102 g/hour, during cycling at 50% peak power Route: Oral carbohydrate during exercise Duration: 3 hours Exposure scope: Exercise fuel, not sedentary beverage exposure Limits: Water reference had four participants, not all 14. Whole-body utilization is not isolated exogenous sucrose oxidation. No demonstrated sucrose advantage for liver glycogen preservation. NCT02110836; Sugar Nutrition UK sponsor listed in trial record. Reference: Ingestion of glucose or sucrose prevents liver but not muscle glycogen depletion during prolonged endurance-type exercise in trained cyclists. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26487008/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00376.2015 Access: Primary abstract/metadata; unrecovered methods explicitly retained.
Complete structured claim and evidence
The events it takes part in
A mechanism often involves more than two components. These are the full events, with every participant and its role.
Situations it appears in
Low-supply and faulty-machinery situations recorded in the chapters where this component plays a part.
In the sources
Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.
Open hypotheses
Proposed ideas that involve this component. They are labeled as hypotheses and do not change any recorded statement.
This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.