Component

Circulating citrulline concentration

Circulating citrulline concentration. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

5 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. A 20 micromolar threshold classified permanent intestinal failure with 92% sensitivity and 90% specificity in this cohort.

    Circulating citrulline concentration → Intestinal failure classification in established short-bowel syndrome source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/11113071.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e2470fc206e5913038da9bb8d7a38677533224bd369ccd02563cefe760727246", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2196, "text_sha256": "e2470fc206e5913038da9bb8d7a38677533224bd369ccd02563cefe760727246"}
    experimental_model
    Observational diagnostic study after intestinal adaptation
    exposure
    At least two years after final bowel reconstruction
    limitations
    The 20 micromolar classifier belongs to this cohort and indication, not a universal dietary deficiency cutoff.
    nutrient_topic
    Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Citrulline
    organism
    Human, 57 adults with short-bowel syndrome and 51 controls
    plain_language
    This is a study-specific diagnostic result, not a target blood level for everyone.
    primary_references
    [citrulline-p11113071] Postabsorptive plasma citrulline concentration is a marker of absorptive enterocyte mass and intestinal failure in humans. (2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11113071/ DOI: 10.1053/gast.2000.20227
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Postabsorptive blood and intestinal absorptive function
    trigger_kind
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Citrulline: arginine recycling, nitrogen disposal and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 983–994

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Observational diagnostic study after intestinal adaptation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### citrulline-short-bowel-classifier A 20 micromolar threshold classified permanent intestinal failure with 92% sensitivity and 90% specificity in this cohort. Condition category: biomarker_context nutrient_topic: Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This is a study-specific diagnostic result, not a target blood level for everyone. organism: Human, 57 adults with short-bowel syndrome and 51 controls tissue_or_cell_type: Postabsorptive blood and intestinal absorptive function experimental_model: Observational diagnostic study after intestinal adaptation limitations: The 20 micromolar classifier belongs to this cohort and indication, not a universal dietary deficiency cutoff. exposure: At least two years after final bowel reconstruction evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/11113071.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e2470fc206e5913038da9bb8d7a38677533224bd369ccd02563cefe760727246", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2196, "text_sha256": "e2470fc206e5913038da9bb8d7a38677533224bd369ccd02563cefe760727246"} [citrulline-p11113071] Postabsorptive plasma citrulline concentration is a marker of absorptive enterocyte mass and intestinal failure in humans. (2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11113071/ DOI: 10.1053/gast.2000.20227
    Complete structured claim and evidence

What acts on it

  1. At the largest doses, plasma citrulline accumulated while arginine rose less than expected.

    L-Citrulline → Circulating citrulline concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/17953788.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "b57ecb5b3484e857904f38ae7c5d5eea51177e2e0a9a9c15ba5f81c2200a11bd", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1603, "text_sha256": "b57ecb5b3484e857904f38ae7c5d5eea51177e2e0a9a9c15ba5f81c2200a11bd"}
    experimental_model
    Randomized-order oral dose-loading study
    exposure
    Separate 2, 5, 10 and 15 g citrulline loads
    limitations
    Small acute tolerance study; saturation was an interpretation, not directly localized or measured renal enzyme saturation.
    nutrient_topic
    Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Citrulline
    organism
    Human, eight healthy fasting men
    plain_language
    More precursor did not yield a proportional arginine increase.
    primary_references
    [citrulline-p17953788] Dose-ranging effects of citrulline administration on plasma amino acids and hormonal patterns in healthy subjects: the Citrudose pharmacokinetic study. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17953788/ DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507841110
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Plasma amino acids and 24-hour urine

    Citrulline: arginine recycling, nitrogen disposal and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 931–942

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Randomized-order oral dose-loading study · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### citrulline-dose-disproportion At the largest doses, plasma citrulline accumulated while arginine rose less than expected. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: More precursor did not yield a proportional arginine increase. organism: Human, eight healthy fasting men tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma amino acids and 24-hour urine experimental_model: Randomized-order oral dose-loading study limitations: Small acute tolerance study; saturation was an interpretation, not directly localized or measured renal enzyme saturation. exposure: Separate 2, 5, 10 and 15 g citrulline loads evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/17953788.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "b57ecb5b3484e857904f38ae7c5d5eea51177e2e0a9a9c15ba5f81c2200a11bd", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1603, "text_sha256": "b57ecb5b3484e857904f38ae7c5d5eea51177e2e0a9a9c15ba5f81c2200a11bd"} [citrulline-p17953788] Dose-ranging effects of citrulline administration on plasma amino acids and hormonal patterns in healthy subjects: the Citrudose pharmacokinetic study. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17953788/ DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507841110
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. The two R84Q siblings had hypocitrullinemia with low ornithine, arginine and proline; the variant strongly reduced expressed P5CS activity.

    Human ALDH18A1 / P5CS R84Q variant → Circulating citrulline concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/11092761.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "09706fd9ec135c472473decaa612e06b3e5aa021c9b1493d77daf4fe98b8d5d2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1688, "text_sha256": "09706fd9ec135c472473decaa612e06b3e5aa021c9b1493d77daf4fe98b8d5d2"}
    experimental_model
    Patient genetics and recombinant variant expression
    exposure
    ALDH18A1 R84Q compared with wild-type isoforms
    limitations
    Rare inherited enzyme disorder; does not imply low dietary citrulline caused the clinical phenotype.
    nutrient_topic
    Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Citrulline
    organism
    Human, two siblings and mammalian expression systems
    plain_language
    Low citrulline can arise from a defective upstream enzyme.
    primary_references
    [citrulline-p11092761] Hyperammonemia with reduced ornithine, citrulline, arginine and proline: a new inborn error caused by a mutation in the gene encoding delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase. (2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11092761/ DOI: 10.1093/hmg/9.19.2853
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Mitochondrial P5CS and circulating amino acids
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Citrulline: arginine recycling, nitrogen disposal and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 320–331

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Patient genetics and recombinant variant expression · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### citrulline-p5cs-low-citrulline The two R84Q siblings had hypocitrullinemia with low ornithine, arginine and proline; the variant strongly reduced expressed P5CS activity. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Low citrulline can arise from a defective upstream enzyme. organism: Human, two siblings and mammalian expression systems tissue_or_cell_type: Mitochondrial P5CS and circulating amino acids experimental_model: Patient genetics and recombinant variant expression limitations: Rare inherited enzyme disorder; does not imply low dietary citrulline caused the clinical phenotype. exposure: ALDH18A1 R84Q compared with wild-type isoforms evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/11092761.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "09706fd9ec135c472473decaa612e06b3e5aa021c9b1493d77daf4fe98b8d5d2", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1688, "text_sha256": "09706fd9ec135c472473decaa612e06b3e5aa021c9b1493d77daf4fe98b8d5d2"} [citrulline-p11092761] Hyperammonemia with reduced ornithine, citrulline, arginine and proline: a new inborn error caused by a mutation in the gene encoding delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase. (2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11092761/ DOI: 10.1093/hmg/9.19.2853
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. ESRD patients had elevated plasma citrulline and citrulline flux compared with healthy adults.

    L-Citrulline → Circulating citrulline concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/10791996.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "80c58ac3892fcee1c04da2c05c0005b4b40e6c3479127a3da3528e46162c7f49", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1285, "text_sha256": "80c58ac3892fcee1c04da2c05c0005b4b40e6c3479127a3da3528e46162c7f49"}
    experimental_model
    Stable-isotope kinetic study around hemodialysis
    exposure
    Two pre- and two postdialysis tracer studies
    limitations
    Whole-body flux does not locate the compensating tissues; elevated plasma concentration is not evidence of adequate function in every compartment.
    nutrient_topic
    Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Citrulline
    organism
    Human, six end-stage renal disease patients
    plain_language
    A high value can coexist with severe kidney disease.
    primary_references
    [citrulline-p10791996] Arginine, citrulline, and nitric oxide metabolism in end-stage renal disease patients. (2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10791996/ DOI: 10.1172/jci7199
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Whole-body arginine and NO metabolism
    trigger_kind
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Citrulline: arginine recycling, nitrogen disposal and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 996–1007

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Stable-isotope kinetic study around hemodialysis · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### citrulline-renal-high-citrulline ESRD patients had elevated plasma citrulline and citrulline flux compared with healthy adults. Condition category: biomarker_context nutrient_topic: Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A high value can coexist with severe kidney disease. organism: Human, six end-stage renal disease patients tissue_or_cell_type: Whole-body arginine and NO metabolism experimental_model: Stable-isotope kinetic study around hemodialysis limitations: Whole-body flux does not locate the compensating tissues; elevated plasma concentration is not evidence of adequate function in every compartment. exposure: Two pre- and two postdialysis tracer studies evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/10791996.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "80c58ac3892fcee1c04da2c05c0005b4b40e6c3479127a3da3528e46162c7f49", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1285, "text_sha256": "80c58ac3892fcee1c04da2c05c0005b4b40e6c3479127a3da3528e46162c7f49"} [citrulline-p10791996] Arginine, citrulline, and nitric oxide metabolism in end-stage renal disease patients. (2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10791996/ DOI: 10.1172/jci7199
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. Mean plasma citrulline was 20 ± 13 micromolar in short-bowel patients versus 40 ± 10 in controls.

    L-Citrulline → Circulating citrulline concentration source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/11113071.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e2470fc206e5913038da9bb8d7a38677533224bd369ccd02563cefe760727246", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2196, "text_sha256": "e2470fc206e5913038da9bb8d7a38677533224bd369ccd02563cefe760727246"}
    experimental_model
    Observational diagnostic study after intestinal adaptation
    exposure
    At least two years after final bowel reconstruction
    limitations
    The 20 micromolar classifier belongs to this cohort and indication, not a universal dietary deficiency cutoff.
    nutrient_topic
    Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · L-Citrulline
    organism
    Human, 57 adults with short-bowel syndrome and 51 controls
    plain_language
    A low value can mark reduced intestinal production rather than low dietary intake.
    primary_references
    [citrulline-p11113071] Postabsorptive plasma citrulline concentration is a marker of absorptive enterocyte mass and intestinal failure in humans. (2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11113071/ DOI: 10.1053/gast.2000.20227
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Postabsorptive blood and intestinal absorptive function
    trigger_kind
    biomarker_context Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Citrulline: arginine recycling, nitrogen disposal and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 970–981

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Observational diagnostic study after intestinal adaptation · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### citrulline-short-bowel-low Mean plasma citrulline was 20 ± 13 micromolar in short-bowel patients versus 40 ± 10 in controls. Condition category: biomarker_context nutrient_topic: Citrulline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A low value can mark reduced intestinal production rather than low dietary intake. organism: Human, 57 adults with short-bowel syndrome and 51 controls tissue_or_cell_type: Postabsorptive blood and intestinal absorptive function experimental_model: Observational diagnostic study after intestinal adaptation limitations: The 20 micromolar classifier belongs to this cohort and indication, not a universal dietary deficiency cutoff. exposure: At least two years after final bowel reconstruction evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/citrulline-research/11113071.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "e2470fc206e5913038da9bb8d7a38677533224bd369ccd02563cefe760727246", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 2196, "text_sha256": "e2470fc206e5913038da9bb8d7a38677533224bd369ccd02563cefe760727246"} [citrulline-p11113071] Postabsorptive plasma citrulline concentration is a marker of absorptive enterocyte mass and intestinal failure in humans. (2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11113071/ DOI: 10.1053/gast.2000.20227
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

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