Component

C. verum oil preparation in the 2025 metabolic clearance study

C. verum oil preparation in the 2025 metabolic clearance study. Species, exposure and limitations are retained in each linked claim.

5 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. C. verum oil activated the human AhR reporter in a concentration-dependent manner.

    C. verum oil preparation in the 2025 metabolic clearance study → Human aryl hydrocarbon receptor / AHR source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/ceylon-research/39845339.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "243c3bd561d9ff4d7dfe10fa748b1aacc0941a4ec9f712615f7dd7df4e98f118", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1463, "text_sha256": "243c3bd561d9ff4d7dfe10fa748b1aacc0941a4ec9f712615f7dd7df4e98f118"}
    experimental_model
    Human receptor reporters and CYP inhibition assays
    exposure
    Oil/parent/metabolite comparisons; PXR 0.62–20 micrograms/mL for 24 hours
    limitations
    Reporter activation is not demonstrated induction of clinical drug clearance. HepG2 is liver-derived; full results distinguish it from intestinal LS174T.
    nutrient_topic
    Ceylon cinnamon research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Ceylon cinnamon / Cinnamomum verum bark preparations
    organism
    Human-derived reporter cells and human CYP assay systems
    plain_language
    The mixture switched on this xenobiotic-sensing reporter.
    primary_references
    [ceylon-p39845339] Evaluation of bioaccessibility, metabolic clearance and interaction with xenobiotic receptors (PXR and AhR) of cinnamaldehyde. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39845339/ DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2024.100237
    tissue_or_cell_type
    HepG2, LS174T and AhR reporter cells

    Ceylon cinnamon: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 818–829

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human receptor reporters and CYP inhibition assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### ceylon-oil-ahr C. verum oil activated the human AhR reporter in a concentration-dependent manner. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Ceylon cinnamon research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The mixture switched on this xenobiotic-sensing reporter. organism: Human-derived reporter cells and human CYP assay systems tissue_or_cell_type: HepG2, LS174T and AhR reporter cells experimental_model: Human receptor reporters and CYP inhibition assays limitations: Reporter activation is not demonstrated induction of clinical drug clearance. HepG2 is liver-derived; full results distinguish it from intestinal LS174T. exposure: Oil/parent/metabolite comparisons; PXR 0.62–20 micrograms/mL for 24 hours evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/ceylon-research/39845339.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "243c3bd561d9ff4d7dfe10fa748b1aacc0941a4ec9f712615f7dd7df4e98f118", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1463, "text_sha256": "243c3bd561d9ff4d7dfe10fa748b1aacc0941a4ec9f712615f7dd7df4e98f118"} [ceylon-p39845339] Evaluation of bioaccessibility, metabolic clearance and interaction with xenobiotic receptors (PXR and AhR) of cinnamaldehyde. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39845339/ DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2024.100237
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. The C. verum oil inhibited CYP1A2 catalytic activity in the study assay.

    C. verum oil preparation in the 2025 metabolic clearance study → Human cytochrome P450 1A2 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/ceylon-research/39845339.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "243c3bd561d9ff4d7dfe10fa748b1aacc0941a4ec9f712615f7dd7df4e98f118", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1463, "text_sha256": "243c3bd561d9ff4d7dfe10fa748b1aacc0941a4ec9f712615f7dd7df4e98f118"}
    experimental_model
    Human receptor reporters and CYP inhibition assays
    exposure
    Oil/parent/metabolite comparisons; PXR 0.62–20 micrograms/mL for 24 hours
    limitations
    Reporter activation is not demonstrated induction of clinical drug clearance. HepG2 is liver-derived; full results distinguish it from intestinal LS174T.
    nutrient_topic
    Ceylon cinnamon research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Ceylon cinnamon / Cinnamomum verum bark preparations
    organism
    Human-derived reporter cells and human CYP assay systems
    plain_language
    The oil preparation also inhibited this enzyme under the assay conditions.
    primary_references
    [ceylon-p39845339] Evaluation of bioaccessibility, metabolic clearance and interaction with xenobiotic receptors (PXR and AhR) of cinnamaldehyde. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39845339/ DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2024.100237
    tissue_or_cell_type
    HepG2, LS174T and AhR reporter cells

    Ceylon cinnamon: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 883–894

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human receptor reporters and CYP inhibition assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### ceylon-oil-cyp1a2 The C. verum oil inhibited CYP1A2 catalytic activity in the study assay. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Ceylon cinnamon research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The oil preparation also inhibited this enzyme under the assay conditions. organism: Human-derived reporter cells and human CYP assay systems tissue_or_cell_type: HepG2, LS174T and AhR reporter cells experimental_model: Human receptor reporters and CYP inhibition assays limitations: Reporter activation is not demonstrated induction of clinical drug clearance. HepG2 is liver-derived; full results distinguish it from intestinal LS174T. exposure: Oil/parent/metabolite comparisons; PXR 0.62–20 micrograms/mL for 24 hours evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/ceylon-research/39845339.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "243c3bd561d9ff4d7dfe10fa748b1aacc0941a4ec9f712615f7dd7df4e98f118", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1463, "text_sha256": "243c3bd561d9ff4d7dfe10fa748b1aacc0941a4ec9f712615f7dd7df4e98f118"} [ceylon-p39845339] Evaluation of bioaccessibility, metabolic clearance and interaction with xenobiotic receptors (PXR and AhR) of cinnamaldehyde. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39845339/ DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2024.100237
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. The C. verum oil inhibited CYP2C9 catalytic activity in the study assay.

    C. verum oil preparation in the 2025 metabolic clearance study → Human cytochrome P450 2C9 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/ceylon-research/39845339.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "243c3bd561d9ff4d7dfe10fa748b1aacc0941a4ec9f712615f7dd7df4e98f118", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1463, "text_sha256": "243c3bd561d9ff4d7dfe10fa748b1aacc0941a4ec9f712615f7dd7df4e98f118"}
    experimental_model
    Human receptor reporters and CYP inhibition assays
    exposure
    Oil/parent/metabolite comparisons; PXR 0.62–20 micrograms/mL for 24 hours
    limitations
    Reporter activation is not demonstrated induction of clinical drug clearance. HepG2 is liver-derived; full results distinguish it from intestinal LS174T.
    nutrient_topic
    Ceylon cinnamon research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Ceylon cinnamon / Cinnamomum verum bark preparations
    organism
    Human-derived reporter cells and human CYP assay systems
    plain_language
    This separate mixture result remains distinct from the pure chemical result.
    primary_references
    [ceylon-p39845339] Evaluation of bioaccessibility, metabolic clearance and interaction with xenobiotic receptors (PXR and AhR) of cinnamaldehyde. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39845339/ DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2024.100237
    tissue_or_cell_type
    HepG2, LS174T and AhR reporter cells

    Ceylon cinnamon: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 896–907

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human receptor reporters and CYP inhibition assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### ceylon-oil-cyp2c9 The C. verum oil inhibited CYP2C9 catalytic activity in the study assay. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Ceylon cinnamon research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This separate mixture result remains distinct from the pure chemical result. organism: Human-derived reporter cells and human CYP assay systems tissue_or_cell_type: HepG2, LS174T and AhR reporter cells experimental_model: Human receptor reporters and CYP inhibition assays limitations: Reporter activation is not demonstrated induction of clinical drug clearance. HepG2 is liver-derived; full results distinguish it from intestinal LS174T. exposure: Oil/parent/metabolite comparisons; PXR 0.62–20 micrograms/mL for 24 hours evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/ceylon-research/39845339.abstract.txt", "locator": "Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "243c3bd561d9ff4d7dfe10fa748b1aacc0941a4ec9f712615f7dd7df4e98f118", "start_char": 0, "end_char": 1463, "text_sha256": "243c3bd561d9ff4d7dfe10fa748b1aacc0941a4ec9f712615f7dd7df4e98f118"} [ceylon-p39845339] Evaluation of bioaccessibility, metabolic clearance and interaction with xenobiotic receptors (PXR and AhR) of cinnamaldehyde. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39845339/ DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2024.100237
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  4. The oil did not activate the PXR reporter in HepG2 cells over the tested range.

    C. verum oil preparation in the 2025 metabolic clearance study → Human pregnane X receptor / SXR / PXR / NR1I2 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/ceylon-research/39845339.fulltext.txt", "locator": "Primary full-text span; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0bbeb0c733ff258e7efaf517438f4368e29bf3afda37cfbac3be149bde094758", "start_char": 27731, "end_char": 28275, "text_sha256": "a6199e4f39be87d9019845ab113a787a4f41c373e18c9ba8ed0aeaef771aa7c1"}
    experimental_model
    Human receptor reporters and CYP inhibition assays
    exposure
    Oil/parent/metabolite comparisons; PXR 0.62–20 micrograms/mL for 24 hours
    limitations
    Reporter activation is not demonstrated induction of clinical drug clearance. HepG2 is liver-derived; full results distinguish it from intestinal LS174T.
    nutrient_topic
    Ceylon cinnamon research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Ceylon cinnamon / Cinnamomum verum bark preparations
    organism
    Human-derived reporter cells and human CYP assay systems
    plain_language
    This liver-cell result differed from the intestinal-cell result.
    primary_references
    [ceylon-p39845339] Evaluation of bioaccessibility, metabolic clearance and interaction with xenobiotic receptors (PXR and AhR) of cinnamaldehyde. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39845339/ DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2024.100237
    tissue_or_cell_type
    HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells

    Ceylon cinnamon: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 922–933

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human receptor reporters and CYP inhibition assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### ceylon-oil-pxr-hep-null The oil did not activate the PXR reporter in HepG2 cells over the tested range. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Ceylon cinnamon research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: This liver-cell result differed from the intestinal-cell result. organism: Human-derived reporter cells and human CYP assay systems tissue_or_cell_type: HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells experimental_model: Human receptor reporters and CYP inhibition assays limitations: Reporter activation is not demonstrated induction of clinical drug clearance. HepG2 is liver-derived; full results distinguish it from intestinal LS174T. exposure: Oil/parent/metabolite comparisons; PXR 0.62–20 micrograms/mL for 24 hours evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/ceylon-research/39845339.fulltext.txt", "locator": "Primary full-text span; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0bbeb0c733ff258e7efaf517438f4368e29bf3afda37cfbac3be149bde094758", "start_char": 27731, "end_char": 28275, "text_sha256": "a6199e4f39be87d9019845ab113a787a4f41c373e18c9ba8ed0aeaef771aa7c1"} [ceylon-p39845339] Evaluation of bioaccessibility, metabolic clearance and interaction with xenobiotic receptors (PXR and AhR) of cinnamaldehyde. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39845339/ DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2024.100237
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  5. Oil activated the human PXR reporter more than threefold in LS174T cells at 20 micrograms/mL; lower concentrations were not significant.

    C. verum oil preparation in the 2025 metabolic clearance study → Human pregnane X receptor / SXR / PXR / NR1I2 source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    evidence_span
    {"source_cache": "artifacts/ceylon-research/39845339.fulltext.txt", "locator": "Primary full-text span; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0bbeb0c733ff258e7efaf517438f4368e29bf3afda37cfbac3be149bde094758", "start_char": 28692, "end_char": 28993, "text_sha256": "069505cad7f859be7641d117d22fde217c5391879239077e55d4919b047a2bfc"}
    experimental_model
    Human receptor reporters and CYP inhibition assays
    exposure
    Oil/parent/metabolite comparisons; PXR 0.62–20 micrograms/mL for 24 hours
    limitations
    Reporter activation is not demonstrated induction of clinical drug clearance. HepG2 is liver-derived; full results distinguish it from intestinal LS174T.
    nutrient_topic
    Ceylon cinnamon research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Ceylon cinnamon / Cinnamomum verum bark preparations
    organism
    Human-derived reporter cells and human CYP assay systems
    plain_language
    A high-concentration intestinal-cell reporter response does not establish a drug interaction in people.
    primary_references
    [ceylon-p39845339] Evaluation of bioaccessibility, metabolic clearance and interaction with xenobiotic receptors (PXR and AhR) of cinnamaldehyde. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39845339/ DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2024.100237
    tissue_or_cell_type
    LS174T intestinal carcinoma cells

    Ceylon cinnamon: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17) · lines 935–946

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Human receptor reporters and CYP inhibition assays · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### ceylon-oil-pxr-intestine Oil activated the human PXR reporter more than threefold in LS174T cells at 20 micrograms/mL; lower concentrations were not significant. Condition category: normal nutrient_topic: Ceylon cinnamon research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: A high-concentration intestinal-cell reporter response does not establish a drug interaction in people. organism: Human-derived reporter cells and human CYP assay systems tissue_or_cell_type: LS174T intestinal carcinoma cells experimental_model: Human receptor reporters and CYP inhibition assays limitations: Reporter activation is not demonstrated induction of clinical drug clearance. HepG2 is liver-derived; full results distinguish it from intestinal LS174T. exposure: Oil/parent/metabolite comparisons; PXR 0.62–20 micrograms/mL for 24 hours evidence_span: {"source_cache": "artifacts/ceylon-research/39845339.fulltext.txt", "locator": "Primary full-text span; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets", "file_sha256": "0bbeb0c733ff258e7efaf517438f4368e29bf3afda37cfbac3be149bde094758", "start_char": 28692, "end_char": 28993, "text_sha256": "069505cad7f859be7641d117d22fde217c5391879239077e55d4919b047a2bfc"} [ceylon-p39845339] Evaluation of bioaccessibility, metabolic clearance and interaction with xenobiotic receptors (PXR and AhR) of cinnamaldehyde. (2025). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39845339/ DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2024.100237
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

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