Component

Bhmt gene (Mus musculus)

Mouse gene targeted in knockout experiments.

4 recorded relationships. Experimental role, claim status and evidence remain attached to each record.

Read recorded mechanisms Open recursive mind map

How nutrients influence it

Every nutrient with a recorded effect on this component, credited to the nutrient that acted rather than the chapter that recorded it. Open a nutrient to see the findings and the conditions they were measured under.

How nutrients reach it in more than one step

Chains of two or more recorded steps that end here, grouped by the nutrient they start from. Each step is a separate finding, so a chain is a route a mechanism could take, not proof that it does.

Tracing routes…

What it does

Every recorded relationship this component is part of, grouped by its role. Plain wording comes first; the technical statement follows.

Recorded relationships

What it acts on

  1. Bhmt deletion raised hepatic total homocysteine sixfold and plasma total homocysteine eightfold in mice.

    Bhmt gene (Mus musculus) → Homocysteine source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    Loss of betaine recycling burdens shared homocysteine handling.
    experimental_model
    Bhmt-null mice and wild-type controls.
    limitations
    Complete knockout, not common human polymorphisms.
    nutrient_topic
    Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Folate (vitamin B9)
    organism
    Mus musculus
    plain_language
    Other pathways did not fully compensate.
    primary_references
    [teng-2011] Deletion of betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase in mice perturbs choline and 1-carbon metabolism, resulting in fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinomas (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21878621/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.265348
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Liver and plasma
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Folate and folic acid: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 634–644

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Bhmt-null mice and wild-type controls. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### folate-methyl-bhmt-ko-hcy Bhmt deletion raised hepatic total homocysteine sixfold and plasma total homocysteine eightfold in mice. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Other pathways did not fully compensate. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver and plasma experimental_model: Bhmt-null mice and wild-type controls. limitations: Complete knockout, not common human polymorphisms. cross_nutrient: Loss of betaine recycling burdens shared homocysteine handling. [teng-2011] Deletion of betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase in mice perturbs choline and 1-carbon metabolism, resulting in fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinomas (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21878621/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.265348
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  2. Bhmt-null mouse liver contained about threefold more SAH than wild type.

    Bhmt gene (Mus musculus) → S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    experimental_model
    Bhmt-null mice and wild-type controls.
    limitations
    No direct epigenetic inference.
    nutrient_topic
    Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Folate (vitamin B9)
    organism
    Mus musculus
    plain_language
    The spent methyl-donor pool increased.
    primary_references
    [teng-2011] Deletion of betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase in mice perturbs choline and 1-carbon metabolism, resulting in fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinomas (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21878621/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.265348
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Liver
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Folate and folic acid: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 657–666

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Bhmt-null mice and wild-type controls. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### folate-methyl-bhmt-ko-sah Bhmt-null mouse liver contained about threefold more SAH than wild type. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The spent methyl-donor pool increased. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver experimental_model: Bhmt-null mice and wild-type controls. limitations: No direct epigenetic inference. [teng-2011] Deletion of betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase in mice perturbs choline and 1-carbon metabolism, resulting in fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinomas (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21878621/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.265348
    Complete structured claim and evidence

  3. Bhmt-null mouse liver contained 43% less SAM than wild type.

    Bhmt gene (Mus musculus) → S-Adenosyl-L-methionine source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    experimental_model
    Bhmt-null mice and wild-type controls.
    limitations
    Concentration is not methylation flux.
    nutrient_topic
    Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Folate (vitamin B9)
    organism
    Mus musculus
    plain_language
    The hepatic methyl-donor pool fell.
    primary_references
    [teng-2011] Deletion of betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase in mice perturbs choline and 1-carbon metabolism, resulting in fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinomas (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21878621/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.265348
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Liver
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Folate and folic acid: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 646–655

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Bhmt-null mice and wild-type controls. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### folate-methyl-bhmt-ko-sam Bhmt-null mouse liver contained 43% less SAM than wild type. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: The hepatic methyl-donor pool fell. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Liver experimental_model: Bhmt-null mice and wild-type controls. limitations: Concentration is not methylation flux. [teng-2011] Deletion of betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase in mice perturbs choline and 1-carbon metabolism, resulting in fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinomas (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21878621/ DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.265348
    Complete structured claim and evidence

Where it participates (unsigned role)

  1. Feeding 20 mg folate/kg diet did not ameliorate elevated plasma homocysteine in Bhmt-null mice.

    Folic acid → Homocysteine source_derived_draftungraded
    Experimental context and source evidence
    availability_state
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.
    cross_nutrient
    Folate/betaine compensation has limits.
    experimental_model
    Bhmt-null and wild-type mice; four-week folate feeding.
    exposure
    0, 2 or 20 mg folate/kg diet
    limitations
    Mouse four-week experiment, not a human treatment rule.
    nutrient_topic
    Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. · Folate (vitamin B9)
    organism
    Mus musculus
    plain_language
    Extra folate did not restore this missing route.
    primary_references
    [teng-2012] Homocysteinemia in mice with genetic betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase deficiency is independent of dietary folate intake (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23014492/ DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.166835
    tissue_or_cell_type
    Plasma
    trigger_kind
    machinery_impairment Imported condition classification; unverified.

    Folate and folic acid: mechanisms, deficiency and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17) · lines 668–679

    AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text. · supports · Bhmt-null and wild-type mice; four-week folate feeding. · source_derived_draft · unverified_draft

    ### folate-methyl-folate-no-hcy-rescue-bhmt Feeding 20 mg folate/kg diet did not ameliorate elevated plasma homocysteine in Bhmt-null mice. Condition category: machinery_impairment nutrient_topic: Folate and folic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect. plain_language: Extra folate did not restore this missing route. organism: Mus musculus tissue_or_cell_type: Plasma experimental_model: Bhmt-null and wild-type mice; four-week folate feeding. limitations: Mouse four-week experiment, not a human treatment rule. exposure: 0, 2 or 20 mg folate/kg diet cross_nutrient: Folate/betaine compensation has limits. [teng-2012] Homocysteinemia in mice with genetic betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase deficiency is independent of dietary folate intake (2012). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23014492/ DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.166835
    Complete structured claim and evidence

In the sources

Preserved passages that mention this component, quoted exactly. Open one to read it in context.

    This is a research prototype built from draft material. It is not medical advice, and its statements still await verification against the original studies.

    Evidence, AI assistance and curation standards